EDUCATION IN UNION TERRITORIES
Education in the Union Territories constitutes a special res- ponsibility of the Central Government. The Territories of Goa, Daman and Diu, Pondicherry, Arunachal Pradesh and Mizoram have their own legislatures and exercise powers specified in the Government of Union Territories Act, 1963. Delhi has a Metropolitan Council and an Executive Council which functions according to the provisions of Delhi Administration Act, 1966. The other Territories, namely, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Chandigarh, Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Lakshdweep have no legislatures. An account of the Educational facilities and activities during the year in respect of each of the Union Territories is given in this chapter.
A : ANDAMAN AND NICOBAR ISLAND Educational Facilities.-There are 222 educational institutions in the territory comprising 1 government degree college, 1 teachers' training institute, 15 higher secondary schools, 2 high schools, 34 senior Basic schools, 156 junior Basic schools and 13 pre-primary schools, with a total enrolment of 31,032. The total number of teachers is now 1,637. School education in these islands is tuition free up to higher secondary stage. Free travel concession is given to students in middle and higher secondary stages who reside at a distance of more than 4 kilometres. Books are supplied free to those school students the income of whose parents is less than Rs. 4,000 per annum. Free uniforms are provided to students whose parent's income is less than Rs. 2,500 per annum. All scheduled tribe students are provided free stationery. Stipends are given to hostellers at the rate of Rs. 50 per month. An additional sum of Rs. 20 is paid
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to each tribal boarder. Mid-day meals are supplied up to class VIII at 20 paise per head per working day. Post-higher secondary scholarships for higher education on mainland are given for those subjects for which facilities are not available in the Government College. The teachers in the Government Degree College, Port Blair, have been given the UGC scales of pay from 1st January 1973. Arrangements for reservation for seats in various institutions are also made by the Administration. Steps were taken to introduce 10 + 2 pattern of education in the Islands.
Girls' Education.-Girls' education is quite popular in these islands. The boy-girl ratio of enrolment is almost even at all stages. There are 601 women teachers and 13,498 girl students.
Teachers' Training.-There is one Teachers' Training Institute at Port Blair which provides a two-year instruction at the undergraduate level to train primary school teachers. Total strength of the institute is 153.
Co-curricular Activities.--Schemes of Scouts and Guides and NCC/NSS were further extended. A new Naval Wing of the NCC was established at Port Blair. Qualified physical education teachers were posted to all schools.
Student Amenities.-Book banks were established in the schools. Essential commodities were made available on wholesale prices to hostellers through fair price shops and consumers cooperative stores. 2 lakh exercise books were distributed to students.
Non-formal Education.-20 centres were opened to provide facilities for non-formal education. Facilities for vocational guid- ance and career-counselling were also made available to youth.
B. ARUNACHAL PRADESH School Education.-During the year, 12 pre-primary education centres and 88 primary schools were set up, 18 primary
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schools and 1 middle school were upgraded, bringing the total number of pre-primary centres to 12 and Primary schools to 710. There are 87 middle schools, 24 higher secondary schools, 1 college and one teachers' training institute offering educational facilities for 483 students at pre-primary, 39,848 at primary, 4,199 at middle, 1,285 at higher secondary and 1,833 at college levels. Besides these, voluntary organisations like the Ramakrishna Mission organised 3 schools with grant-in-aid from the Administration. It was proposed to introduce 10+2 pattern of education in selected 7 higher secondary schools during 1977-78. There are institutions for imparting necessary training to National Cadet Corps, and rural sports, vocational programmes and science education programmes.
Higher Education.-Apart from the J. N. College, Pasighat, which imparts college education up to 1st, degree standard, 51 students were sent to institutions of higher learning in other States.
Teachers' Training.-The Teachers' Training Institute at Changlang imparts training for primary/middle school teachers. Training for other teachers, namely, 4 for B.Ed course, 9 for B.T., 83 for short- term English courses, 221 for science courses and 17 for training at the NEHU, Shillong, was arranged at various centres in the country outside the Territory.
Science Education.-To introduce new methodology of teaching science with Unicef-assisted science kit boxes in primary and middle stages, more science teachers were appointed and the Administration took steps to supply Unicef science kits to 300 primary schools during the period.
Student Amenities.-Textbooks, stationery items, clothings, guide books, reference books, work books were supplied to the students of primary, middle and higher secondary schools.
Female Education.-The programme of female education is also receiving due attention. One post of Inspectress of Schools was created and the post filled with a local lady. Residential
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meritorious and keen girls were, deputed for higher education to Banasthali Vidyapeeth of Rajasthan. More female teachers were recruited to promote female education.
C. CHANDIGARH School Education.-The enrolment at various stages rose as compared to the previous year as under :
Stages 1975-76 1976-77 Increase
Classes I to V 36,300 37,900 1,600
Classes VI to VIII 15,300 16,200 900
Classes TX to XI 8,400 8,800 400
Two new government primary schools and a branch primary school were started. One government primary school was upgraded to middle standard and one government middle school to high school standard.
Three school buildings in Chandigarh city were completed and a sum of Rs. 19.47 lakh provided for completion of other school buildings.
Educational Facilities for Weaker Sections of Society.-An amount of Rs. 40,000 was sanctioned for grant of attendance scholarships @Rs. 4 p.m. and free stationery and books for about 2500 children.
Mid-Day Meals.-The programme was extended, to other classes covering 2500 additional children. In all, 11,000 children were covered, under the programme.
New Pattern of School Education.-Uniform pattern of education (10+2) was introduced and new courses started in the IX class. A sum of Rs. 1.50 lakh was sanctioned for equipment for the purpose.
College Education.-M.Sc. classes in foods and nutrition were started in the Government Home Science College, Chandigarh.
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A sum of Rs. 1.40 lakh was sanctioned for equipment for new courses.
Sports and Youth Welfare.-A diploma course. in yoga was started during the year.
Student Amenities.-Book banks were started in all colleges and secondary schools. Adequate funds were provided for the purpose. Stores on cooperative basis were started in all colleges, to enable students to get stationery and other things at cheap rates.
D. DADRA AND NAGAR HAVELI School Education.-There are 4 pre-primary schools, 144 primary schools and, 4 high schools and 1 higher secondary school in Dadra and Nagar Haveli. Education in all the schools upto higher secondary stage is free. Free mid-day meals are supplied to the pupils in all government primary schools including the pre-primary schools. The facility of free supply of textbooks, notes, slates, etc. to the pupils of primary and secondary schools was extended to the scheduled caste/tribe and economically backward class students in government schools. Clothes were supplied free to such students in government primary schools. Medical treatment is given free to pupils of primary and secondary schools after annual inspection. Hostel facilities are available for scheduled caste/tribe and economically backward class students. There are 9 government social welfare hostels with a total strength of 535 inmates (483 boys and 52 girls), The entire board and lodging expenses of the hostels are borne by the Administration. There are 2 public libraries.
Industrial Training Institute.-An Industrial Training Institute was started at Silvassa from August, 1976 with four wings offering wireman, welder, fitter and electrician courses.
Scholarships.-Post-matric/pre-matric scholarships were granted to scheduled caste/tribe and low income-group students. Loan scholarship, under National Loan Scholarships scheme were also awarded.
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Student Amenities.-All the scheduled caste/tribe and low income- group students were provided with textbooks, exercise/ note books and other material free of cost.
Physical Education and Similar Programmes.-Physical education was introduced in all primary and secondary schools. There are 4 groups of NCC establishment in two secondary schools, each group having 65 cadets, both boys and girls.
Vocationalisation of Secondary Education.--Vocational, technical and agricultural subjects were introduced in all the four high schools. Agriculture, drawing, typewriting and tailoring are taught in high schools, besides workshop practices relating to electrical and mechanical engineering.
E. DELHI There has been a further expansion of school education in Delhi to cater to the needs of the increasing population, 16 higher secondary schools, 13 middle schools and, 56 primary schools were opened during the year. The percentage of enrolment has also risen up to 102 in 6-11 age-group, 89 in 11-14 age-group and 69.90 in 14-17 age-group.
University Education.-15 degree colleges are functioning under the Delhi Administration and all the eligible candidates were given admission in these colleges during the year.
Adult Education.-12 adult evening schools are run by the Delhi Administration and the enrolment of students getting education through this system and correspondence courses is 10,550.
Free Supply of Textbooks.-Book banks were established in 843 government and government aided schools in Delhi to provide benefit to students belonging to the weaker sections and children of parents whose income did not exceed to Rs. 500 p.m. Books worth Rs. 8.18 lakh were added to boost this drive.
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Girls' Education.-The new higher secondary schools opened during the year were mostly for promoting girls' education. Out of the 16 such new schools, 5 are exclusively for girls and 9 co-educational schools. Free transport facilities for girl students living in rural areas was extended to cover 2,500 girls.
Science Teaching.-New textbooks of science were made available in schools where facilities for science teaching under the UNICEF scheme were provided. Facilities for education through television were also provided in many schools.
Scholarships.-The Delhi Administration proposed to spend Rs. 60 lakh as scholarships during 1976-77 for the benefit of 63,000 students.
Teachers' Welfare.-Every year 10 teachers with meritorious services are honoured by State Awards.
New Pattern of Education.-The Delhi Administration introduced the new 10+2 pattern of education from the academic year 1975-76 in all the higher secondary schools of Delhi. Funds, to the extent of Rs. 30 lakh were provided to these schools for the purpose of science equipment and workshop material.
Student Amenities.-Book banks were established in 1144 government and government-aided secondary schools.
Grants for students for educational tours to various parts of the country were continued.
Essential commodities at controlled, prices were supplied to student hostels., Stationery and exercise books were also made available at controlled rates through 90 cooperative stores and retail points.
F. GOA, DAMAN AND DIU The Directorate of Education was reorganised during the year separating administration from inspection. The work of
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administration and academic work was thus reorganised right from the lowest tier at taluka level up to the top tier at the Directorate level.
School Education.-During the year, the enrolment in primary, middle, secondary and higher secondary stages of education was as follows :-
Stage Enrolment
Primary 1,42,449
Middle 46,512
Secondary 18,863
Higher secondary 3,688
College Education.-There are at present 9 arts, science and commerce colleges in the Territory, in addition to one postgraduate centre. The enrolment in these colleges was 6,092 during the year.
Enrolment in professional colleges like medical, pharmaceutical, law, engineering, polytechnic, fine arts and teacher training (elementary and secondary) was 2,302 as against 2,140 during the last year.
Teacher Training.-Out of 7,753 school teachers at various levels in position during 1976-77, the number of trained teachers was 5,486, or 70.7 per cent of the total.
Technical Education.-In the engineering college, 63 students were enrolled as against the sanctioned capacity of 60. Similarly, in the polytechnic the enrolment was 150 against the sanctioned capacity of 120. The Food Craft Institute continued, to offer craftsmanship courses in cookery, bakery, reception, book-keeping, food preservation, etc. The enrolment in the Institute during the year was 46.
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Social Education.-Two programmes, viz., Farmers Functional Literacy Project and Non-Formal Education for the age-group 15-25 were implemented. There were 31 centres with 936 adult farmers. The enrolment in non-formal programmes was 587 in 20 different centres.
S.S.C.E. Examination--Goa Board.-The Goa S.S.C.E. Board, established during 1975 conducted, its first examination in March- April 1976 and the supplementary examination in October, 1976.
Student Amenities.-A total of 850 book banks were established for the benefit of 17,000 students, as below :-
Primary schools 675
Middle schools 32
Higher schools 128
Higher secondary schools 10
Colleges 5
850
Essential commodities at concessional rates were supplied to 25 student hostels, benefiting 2650 hostellers. Stationery and exercise books were also provided at controlled prices to students.
G. LAKSHADWEEP School Education.-The number of educational institutions in Lakshadweep is 42. This includes one junior colege, one higher secondary school, 7 high schools, 6 senior Basic schools, 18 junior Basic schools and 9 nursery schools with enrolments as below :-
Nursery schools 596
Primary schools 8,305
Secondary schools 2,459
Higher and technical schools 180
Special Facilities for Education of Girls.-Three senior Basic schools and one junior Basic school are functioning exclusively for girls. A separate girls section for high school classes is
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functioning in the high school at Kalpeni. Two girls' hostels are run by the Administration at Kavaratti for college and higher secondary school students. Free board, and lodging are provided in these hostels.
Facilities for Science Teaching.-General science is taught as a compulsory subject in all schools. The new syllabus which lays emphasis in teaching chemistry, physics and biology as separate subjects was introduced in the schools. The science teachers working in primary and secondary schools were given inservice courses arranged by the State Institute of Education, Kerala.
Vocational Education.-Typewriting was introduced, in high schools. Fisheries technology is taught in two high schools. Facilities for teaching paper-mache craft and clay-modelling were introduced in 4 high schools.
Scholarships and Grants.-The scheme for granting scholarships to students in high/higher secondary and college classes was continued. Education is free at all stages in this Territory. The students desiring to take up higher studies in both academic and technical courses are admitted in institutions on the mainland against the seats reserved for them by the Administration. The number of scholarship- holders was 800 during the period under report. The students studying in an island other than their native one are provided with free board and lodging facilities in government hostels. In the case of students studying in institutions on the mainland, all expenses towards tuition fee and, board and lodging expenses are met by the Administration. Scholarships are given to students in case hostel facilities are not available.
Facilities for Teachers Training.-There is no teacher training school or college in this Territory. Candidates are seat for teachers' training in institutions on the mainland.
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Special Facilities.-The inhabitants of this Territory are Muslims who are classified as scheduled tribes. All facilities provided by the Administration are meant for them only.
Sports and NCC.-One senior division and 5 junior division NCC units are functioning in the junior college and five high schools respectively in the Territory. Facilities for sports in all schools were provided. Inter-island sports and games tournaments were conducted. Inter-junior basic schools sports and art festivals were also organised.
Social Education Programmes.-Social education centres and reading room-cum-library are functioning in all the islands of the Territory. Besides, there is a Central library at Kavaratti. Nine women village- level workers are engaged in adult literacy programme, women welfare activities and other programmes connected with health and hygiene among women and children. Mahilasamajams are also functioning in all the islands.
A state social welfare advisory board has been functioning smoothly.
Student Amenities.-Textbooks, writing materials, mid-day meals were supplied, free to schools children.
H. MIZORAM School Education.-The Directorate of Education has been running 442 lower primary schools, enabling children to have their schools within a walking distance of 1-2 Km. The earlier pupil-teacher ratio improved from 46:1 to 41:1, as a result of recruitment of 250 additional teachers during the year. There was substantial increase in enrolment registering a figure of 3500 during the year.
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Out of 224 middle schools, 68 are run directly by the Ad- ministration, while 156 are government-aided private schools. 108 high schools, 10 government and 98 under non-government managements receiving government grants continued to function effectively with substantial increase in enrolment during the year.
College Education.-There are now 5 colleges in Mizoram, -2 government and 3 non-government. The non-government colleges were given substantial recurring and non-recurring grants to enable them to function effectively. All the colleges are affiliated to the North- eastern Hill University.
Adult Education.-2500 adults were made literate through 85 literacy centres, run by voluntary organisations with financial assistance from the Administration.
Teachers' Training.-A Mizoram Institute of Education with an annual intake of 50 graduate teachers from various high schools has been running successfuly. Training for science teachers was started. Two elementary school teacher's training centres-one at Aizawl and the other at Lunglei with a total annual intake of 240 teachers from primary and middle schools continued to function effectively.
Propagation of Hindi.-There is a Hindi Teachers' Training Institute at Aizawl. It produced a good number of Hindi teachers for almost all middle schools and quite a few for high schools.
Science Education.-The Unicef-assisted pilot project has by now provided the much needed enrichment of the school curriculum in science as also expert guidance from the Science Promotion Wing of the Directorate of Education. This Wing was provided with a Science Promotion Officer and two science consultants and supporting staff.
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Physical Education and Allied Programmes.-Activities relating to scouts and guides, youth welfare and physical education with a special officer forming a wing of the Education Directorate were substantially geared up. Football and hockey teams from high schools and colleges participated in various tournaments and competitions outside the Territory. Mizoram State Sports Council was formed under the chairmanship of the Education Minister.
Technical Training.-The Industrial Training Institute at Aizawl offers various trades like welding, fitting, wiremanship, mechanics, electricians, etc., with an intake of 82 trainees. Buildings and workshops of the Institute were completed.
Student Amenities.-Book banks were set up in almost all the primary, middle and high schools and colleges.
I. PONDICHERRY School Education.-Facilities for education at all levels were expanded during the year. One pre-primary school was opened. The enrolment figures at the pre-primary, primary and middle stages improved considerably. To achieve hundred per cent enrolment, some incentive schemes, viz., mid-day meals for, poor children of classes up to V standard, free supply of stationery articles, etc. were introduced.
As regards secondary education 16 additional or next higher classes including one new high school were opened.
College and Professional Education.-The educational facilities in the existing colleges and polytechnics were expanded by providing additional staff, laboratory materials and library books.
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Teachers' Training.-To improve the professional competence of teachers, refresher/reorientation courses were conducted. 15 school assistant Grade II teachers Were deputed to attend the four-week summer institutes in physics, chemistry, biology and mathematics at Madras.
Scholarships and Other Concessions-150 awards of Pondicherry state post-matriculation scholarships, 3 awards of national scholarships for the children of school teachers, 15 awards of national scholarships and 18 awards of national loan scholarships were sanctioned. The scheme of student aid fund was implemented in colleges.
National Service Scheme.-National Service Scheme was followed with an increased strength of 500 for normal activities and 250 for special camping programme during the year.
New Pattern of Education.-A committee was constituted to decide the policy on the introduction of 10+2+3 pattern of education in Pondicherry.
Library Facilities.-Public libraries were strengthened by adding new books, Four new branches were opened in rural areas.
Student Amenities.-Book banks were opened in all government middle schools, middle sections of high schools, colleges and polytechnics. Student cooperative stores were opened in six colleges and students hostels were covered under this Scheme. Exercise books were made easily available to students through consumer cooperative stores at controlled rates.