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19. State Bureaux of Educational and Vocational Guidance.-The successful organisation of secondary education and working of the multipurpose schools in particular, requires the provision of a well- planned programme of educational and vocational guidance. During the second Plan State Bureaux were established in 12 States. The Bureaux have been carrying out a programme of training of career masters and guidance counsellors. A Centrally sponsored scheme, was initiated in 1962-63 to strengthen the existing State Bureaux and to help the State Governments in the establishment of Bureaux in those States which had not established them so far. Under this scheme Central assistance to meet the entire expenditure was promised to State Governments and a provision of Rs. 60 lakh was made in the third Plan which was later reduced to Rs. 30 lakh. The total expenditure for the implementation of the scheme during the current Plan period is estimated to be Rs. 20 lakh.
20. Establishment of Education Evaluation Unit (Examination Reforms Units).-In accordance with the recommendation of the Secondary Education Commission, an examination reform was initiated in the second Five Year Plan by establishing an Evaluation Unit at the Centre in the Directorate of Extension Programmes for Secondary Education. Each State was also asked to set up evaluation units at the State level and 100 per cent Central assistance was offered to them for this programme. So far 12 such units have been established. In view of the expansion of the activities, the scheme has made provision for the appointment of additional staff to cope with the increased responsibilities like bringing out periodic publications, holding seminars etc.
21. Central Board of Secondary Education.-The Central Board of Secondary Education has been reconstituted into an All-India Board for the purpose of conducting Higher Secondary Examinations with a common syllabus and common medium of examination. The reconstituted Board started functioning with effect from 1st July, 1962. The Board has been set up as a registered Society under the sponsorship of the Union Ministry of Education. The Educational Adviser to the Government of India is the Controlling Authority of the Board. The Central Board has been set up mainly to cater to the educational needs of the children of the transferable Central Government Employees as well as the other migratory population in the country. The services of the Board can be availed of by any secondary school in or outside India, but the Board shall not affiliate any institution without the concurrence of State Government concerned if such an institution is in receipt of a regular grant from the State Government. There are at present 451 schools which are affiliated to the Board comprising 367 schools in Delhi, 3 in Andaman and Nicobar Islands, 54 Central Schools, 1 in Tehran and 26 at other places in the country. The Board proposes to start correspondence courses oh the higher secondary stage from the-next academic session.
22. Central Schools.-The Government of India, in pursuance of the recommendation of the Second Pay Commission, formulated and implemented the Central Schools Scheme for providing educational facilities to the children of transferable Union Government employees as well as other floating population. The scheme, which was started in 1963-64, envisages the establishment of 100 higher secondary schools, in a phased manner, at such centres in the country as may serve large concentrations of Defence personnel/Union Government employees.
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54 schools (as in Annexure VIII) have been established so far with an enrolment of 25,200 children. It is proposed to add 30-35 new schools during the year 1965-66.
22.1. The schools under this scheme will cater, in order of priority, to the needs of the children of Union Government employees (including Defence personnel); members of All-India Service; employees of autonomous and semiautonomous bodies fully financed by the Union Government, as well as floating and other local population. The medium of instruction in such schools will be Hindi/English, with a common syllabus, and students are prepared for a common examination, viz., the All-India Higher Secondary Examination of the Central Board of Secondary Education, New Delhi.
22.2. These schools are being developed as quality schools incorporating some of the good features of Public Schools. Some of the salient features of these schools are : higher teacher-pupil ratio; a large range of electives in humanities and science subjects; and moderate cost to the parents. As soon as possible, residential accommodation will be provided to a part of the students, with subsidised boarding facilities for low-income Union Government employees. While no tuition fee is charged for classes I-VIII, a monthly tuition fee of Rs. 6, Rs. 7, and Rs. 8 is charged in classes IX, X and XI respectively. Scheduled Castes/Tribes students are exempted from payment of tuition fees. During the emergency, children of J.C.O.s and O.R.s. and equivalent ranks have been exempted from payment of tuition fees.
22.3. The Union Ministry of Education bears the entire expenditure on the Central Schools through grants. Each school is administered by a local School Management Committee composed of highly placed and responsible persons including educationists, with the Chairman being either the Station Commander of a service formation or a very senior State Government Officer. It is envisaged that, as soon as possible, a "Central Schools Society" (Registered Body) will be formed to run the schools.
23. Central Institute of English, Hyderabad.-The main object of the Central Institute of English is to reformulate the objectives of English teaching in India, modernising the methods of teaching English, and promoting in schools and colleges a reasonably correct and useful achievement in English as. a second language. The Institute has so far trained 900 teachers in English as key personnel at all levels. These persons in their turn have trained teachers of English in their own areas in short courses for secondary education or by universities and the State Departments of Education.
23.1. It has taken up the contrastive studies in English vis- a-vis modern Indian languages. Research projects on the contrastive study of Hindi and English Phonology; contrastive study of Tamil and English Phonology. have been completed.
23.2. Other activities included the preparation of suitable teaching materials for the first year of English in the primary school, study of the difficulties encountered by pre-university students of the humanities in their study of Art subjects and production of texts and exercise materials at this level and preparation and administering of series of tests in oral comprehension to school leaving pupils. The Institute also broadcasted weekly English lessons for schools.
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23.3. The administrative block of the permanent building of the Institute has been completed. The work on the hostel is progressing.
23.4. State Institutes of English/English Language Teaching Institutes have been established in Bihar, Punjab, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal. The States of Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Madras and Mysore have set up a joint Regional Institute of English at Bangalore. These Institutes are being assisted also by British or American experts.
24. Introduction of Productive Labour in Schools and Colleges.- The Committee set up under the Chairmanship of the former Chief Minister of Punjab held two meetings during which some general principles for introducing productive work were discussed and accepted. The matter was also considered at an informal meeting of the Directors of Public Instruction/ Directors of Education held in October, 1964 who were of the view that on the basis of the suggestion made already it should be possible to implement this programme. Productive work was recognised as an integral part of school education in all advanced countries. The children were not only to be taught the basic skills but also the right type of attitude towards manual work.
25. Central Advisory Board of Education.-The 31st Session of Central Advisory Board of Education was held at Bangalore from 9th to 12th October, 1964. The main items discussed related to special measures required to step up the enrolment of girls in the 6-11 age- group, targets of enrolment to be aimed at during the next Plan period, measures for improving standards of education at the elementary stage, scheme for improvement of quality in all secondary schools so as to bring them to a reasonable norm of efficiency and the special development of "Quality" schools, the nature, extent and mechanism of diversification of education at the secondary stage, strengthening of science education, salient features of perspective planning for higher education with particular emphasis on schemes under consideration for the fourth Plan, guiding principles for the fourth Five-Year Plan for speedy liquidation of illiteracy etc.
26. State Education Ministers Conference.-A Conference of the State Education Ministers was held at New Delhi on 25th and 26th April, 1964. Among the important items discussed in the Conference some related to the basis for fixing of fourth Plan targets and preparing development Schemes, expansion of education of girls, programme of school meals, uniformity in the school system, improving standards of higher education, liquidation of illiteracy, emoluments, training and service conditions of teachers, textbooks, programmes of physical exercises etc.
27. Standing Committee of the Central Advisory Board of Education on Secondary Education.-The recommendations made in the interim report of the Standing Committee were forwarded to the State Governments. The main recommendations are : (1) To raise the age of retirement of secondary school teachers; (2) To equate the qualifications and salaries of senior teachers of higher secondary classes and the lecturers of colleges teaching the pre-university classes; (3) To increase the supply of shortage category teachers for higher secondary schools; (4) To equate the salary-scales and allow- ances of private school teachers with those of Government school teachers;, and (5) All such activities on the part of teachers' organisations which promote professional and educational competence of teachers should be encouraged, guided and assisted by the State Departments of Education.
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28. Correspondence Courses for Teachers.-It is estimated that there will be about one lakh untrained teachers in secondary schools by the close of the third Plan. This huge backlog of untrained teachers is proposed to be cleared by instituting correspondence courses in a few selected universities in the country. It is proposed by way of advance action to select the university in each of the four regions of the country for starting these courses from July, 1965. These courses are meant only to assist teachers who are already in service and to improve their professional competence and are not expected to substitute or supplement regular secondary training institutions.
29. Assistance to Voluntary Educational Organisations in the Field of Secondary Education.-The scheme, initiated during the first Five-Year Plan to give grants to voluntary educational organisations doing sonic educationally significant work to expand or improve their existing services or to start new ones, is being continued during the third Plan. Seven institutions located in different parts of the country have been helped under the scheme during the current year. The total amount disbursed up to end of December, 1964 is Rs. 82,186. Government are also giving annual maintenance grant of Rs. 35,000 to the Banasthali Vidyapith, Jaipur and a separate provision exists for this. It is proposed to increase this grant to Rs. 1 lakh from this financial year.
30. Subsidy to State Governments.-The Union Government give sub- sidies to the State Governments towards the interest charges on loan for construction of hostels to the educational institutions. A revised provision of Rs. 1.85 lakh for 1964-65 and a budget provision of Rs. 4.35 lakh for 1965-66 have been made.
31. Assistance to Residential Schools.-The Ministry has been considering a proposal to give grants to selected residential schools, in order to enable them to improve academic and residential facilities, so that the merit scholars selected by the Government of India and others could use them. The proposed scheme could not be implemented due to the Emergency. It has now been proposed to implement the scheme from this financial year and accordingly a budget provision (revised) of Rs. 2 lakh exits for 1964-65 and a provision of Rs. 4 lakh for 1965-66 has been made. Out of 6 selected schools, five schools will be helped during the current financial year.
C.FINANCIAL PROVISION
32. The following statement gives the financial provisions for
the schemes described in this chapter:
Provision for 1964-65 Provision for
Sl. Scheme 1965-66
No.
Original Revised
1 2 3 4 5
Rs. Rs. Rs.
Assistance to Voluntary
Educational Organisations
in the field of Education
of Women-Pre-Primary, Pri-
mary and Basic Education 3,00,000 3,00,000 4,00,000
2. State Institutes of Educ-
ation* 30,00,000 30,00,000 30,00,000
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1 2 3 4 5
Rs. Rs. Rs.
3. Mid-day Meals (Plan) 70,00,000 70,00,000 80,00,000
(Recovery PL 480) - 70,00,000 80,00,000
4. Paper for textbooks from
Australia** 29,50,100 29,50,100 29,50,100
Do. 71,200 71,200 71,200
Do. 30,21,300 30,21,300 30,21,300
5. Printing Press for Pr-
oduction of Children's
Books - 5,000 5,000
6. National Prize Competition
of Children's Books 36,300 36,300 40,000
7. National Council for
Women's Education-T.A.
& D.A. 10,000 10,000 10,000
8. Improvement of Secondary
Education (Crash Programme) - 1,50,00,000 2,50,00,000
9. Strengthening of Multip-
urpose Schools (Plan)
(a) Production of text-
books, teachers handbo-
oks, students manual 3,68,000 1,00,000 2,00,000
(b) Purchase of Refere-
nce books 8,00,000 - -
(c) Strengthening of
multipurpose schools-
Grants-in-aid to Stat-
es 8,00,000 16,00,000 22,00,000
10. State Bureaux of Edu-
cational & Vocational
Guidance 10,50,000 8,80,000 9,35,000
11. State Evaluation Unit 3,19,000 3,19,000 5,00,000
12. National Board of Basic
Education 7,000 3,500 3,500
13. Assistance to Voluntary
Educational Organisatio-
ns in the field of Seco-
ndary Education 6,00,000 4,75,000 6,00,000
14. Central Schools Scheme 50,00,000 66,00,000 2,25,11,000
15. Central Institute of
English, Hyderabad
(a) Construction of
building 10,22,000 9,22,000 4,00,000
(b) Administrative and
development expenditure 7,22,000 6,88,000 7,33,000
16. Central Advisory Board
of Education 43,000 13,000 13,000
17. Strengthening of Resid-
ential Schools 4,00,000 2,00,000 4,00,000
18. Grants to Banasthali
Vidyapith, Jaipur 35,000 35,000 35,000 @
19. Subsidy towards the
interest charges on
loans for construction
of hostels by Educatio-
nal Institutions 65,000 1,85,000 4,35,000
+20. Raising of new N.C.C.
Units in Public Schools
& Residential Schools
(Plan) 2,00,000 2,00,000 2,00,000
21. N.C.C. Junior Division
(Non-Plan) 1,20,000 1,20,000 97,000
**Value of gift paper from Australia. The entire expenditure
recoverable from Special Development Fund (S.D.F.) Colombo Plan.
@This is being increased to Rs. 1,00,000.
+The details of this scheme are in Chapter XVI.
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