SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND SURVEYS
Scientific research is of major importance in national development throughout the world since advances in productivity and standards of living are closely linked up with the application of science and technology. The Union Ministry of Education continued its programme of financial and other assistance to research institutions, laboratories, scientific societies, individuals and States. The Survey of India and the three other scientific Surveys-Botanical, Zoological and Anthropological-continued and developed their respective programmes.
A.SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH 2. Scientific Societies and Research Institutes.-With a view to encouraging scientific research, Ministry continued to give financial assistance to a number of private scientific research institutions, associations, scientific academies and societies for the maintenance and advancement of their work. Grants-in-aid are paid to the scientific bodies for expanding and enlarging their activities for active research work, publication of scientific journals and literature, holding of conferences, symposia and seminars and for the institution of research fellowships, purchase of equipment and library books etc. Grants are also given for mountaineering expeditions.
3. National Committees.-The National Committees set up earlier in the following seven fields continued to function : (i) Pure and Applied. Physics; (ii) Radio Sciences; (iii) Geodesy and Geophysics; (iv) International Quiet sun Year; (v) Oceanic Research; (vi) Biochemistry; (vii) Crystallography and (viii) Type-Cultures of Micro- organisms. These committees organised and coordinated research and other connected programmes at the national level and also promoted international cooperation in the specific field of their competence in Consultation with the international Scientific unions concerned.
4. National Research Professors.-_Prof. C. V. Raman; Prof. S. N. Bose; Dr. R. B. Pal; Dr. P. V. Kane; Dr. D. N. Wadia and Dr. V. R. Khanolkar continued to be National Research Professors. In addition, Dr. Suniti Kumar Chatterjee was recently appointed National Research Professor in humanities.
5. Encouragement to Research Scholars and Eminent Scientists
(a) Research Scholarships.-Twenty two training research scholarships to Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Calcutta; 10 to The Bose Institute, Calcutta and 6 to The Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany, Lucknow, have been allotted to enable research Scholars to conduct research during the year, at the respective institutions.
(b) Partial Financial Assistance to Eminent Scientists Going Abroad.Under the scheme financial assistance (varying from Rs. 1,852 to Rs. 2,500) was given to each of 18 Indian scientists to enable them to partcipate in International Conferences etc.
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6. Indian Scientific Liaison Office, London.- The office was set up in 1948 at the High Commission of India, London, and its functions are: (i) to facilitate the movement of scientists within the Commonwealth and to provide adequate facilities for them and their work and to arrange contacts for them; (ii) to facilitate exchange of scientific information and experimental material such as plants, animals, micro-organisms; and (iv) to help wherever required, in the placing of research workers in British and American laboratories for research or training.
6.1. With effect from the 1st March, 1964, this office has been merged with the Education Department in Indian High Commission, London, with the Scientific and Educational Adviser to the High Commission as its head.
7. National Research Development Corporation of India.-The objects and functions of the Corporation are to develop and exploit in the public interest for profit or otherwise : (a) all inventions of the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research whether patentable or otherwise; (b) all patents and inventions of other departments of Government of India including those of commodity research committees and other statutory research organisations including technical and engineering know-how of processes; (c) such other patents as may be voluntarily assigned, by general or special agreements by universities, research institutions or individuals; and (d) such other processes and patents, the development of which may be entrusted to the Corporation.
7.1. Licences Negotiated.-During the period 1st April to 31st December 1964, licence agreements for the commercial development of the following processes were negotiated:
Sl. Process Laboratory/Institute
No.
1. Hot Dip Aluminising of Ferrous Materials- National Metallurgical Labora-
Indian Patent Nos.55289, 57938 and 65230(21st tory, Jamshedpur.
Licence)
2. Ceramic Rod for Carbon Resistors-Indian Patent National Physical Laboratory,
No. 92277. New Delhi.
3. Wet Ground Mica-Indian Patent No. 55454. Central Glass & Ceramics Re-
search Institute, Jadavpur, Cal-
cutta.
4. Carbon Free Ferro Alloys by Alumino Thermic
Reactions. National Metallurgical Laboratory,
5. Indian Patent No. 65231 (2nd and 3rd licences) } Jamshedpur.
6. Flux for submerged are welding-Indian Patent
No. 68171.
7. Manufacture of Lounginin Regional Research Laboratory,
Hyderabad.
8. Chemical Resistant Covering Materials National Chemical Laboratory,
Poona-8.
9. Polystyrene Base Cation Exchange Resins(3rd Do.
Licence).
10. Improving the Storage Life of Cashew Kernels Central Food Technological Re-
(6th licence). search Institute, Mysore.
11. Bitumastic Jointing Composition (Indian Patent Central Road Research Institute,
& No. 54074)-(2nd and 3rd licences). New Delhi.
12.
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(1) (2) (3)
13. Derusting Surface Treatment of Ferrous Surfaces Indian Railways.
and their temporary protection based on Tannins-Ind-
ian Patent No. 60684) -2nd licence).
14. Resin Emulsions and Dispersion Resins from Do.
CNSL (Indian Patent Nos. 60612 an (5th licence).
15. Antifreeze coolant Defence Research Laboratory
16. Watch Oil Kanpur.
17. Lethal preparation for killing Cockroaches
18. Expansion Joint Fillers from Coconut Pith (Indian Central Road Research Institute,
Pat. No. 87958). New Delhi.
19. Improvement in or relating to the Manufacture of Central Road Research Institute,
Lime Reactive Surkhi Mixture-(Indian Patent New Delhi.
No. 90470).
20. Lighting Arresters-Indian Patent No. 55282 Indian Institute of Science, Banga-
to (Three licences). lore.
22.
23. Indigenous manufacture of Epoxy Resins . . Defence Research Laboratory
(Materials) Kanpur.
24. Processing of dry ready to wet sausage casings Central Leather Research Insti-
from cattle, goat, sheep, pig and other mamma- tute, Madras.
lian intestines.
25. Air Depolarised Cells-Development of porous Central Electro-Chemical Research
carbon elements. Institute, Karaikudi.
26. Transistarised Power Supply Unit Central Electronic Engineering
Research Institute, Pilani.
7.2. NRDC Development Projects : The following projects were completed :
(i) Deionisation of Cane Juice.-Pilot plant investigations have been completed at National Sugar Institute, Kanpur and an announcement on the process has been circulated to sugar mills. Negotiations for commercial utilisation are in progress.
(ii) Lightning Arresters.-Pilot plant investigations were completed at Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, and the process was licenced to three parties.
(iii) Hykol `X' Activated Carbons.-The plant at Regional Research Laboratory, Hyderabad, has since been commissioned and regular production established.
7.2.1. Progress of Other Projects :-The progress of various other projects instituted by the Corporation is given below :
(i) Phthalic Anhydride.-Erection of pilot plant has been completed and the trials are in progress at Central Fuel Research Institute, Jealgora.
(ii) Integrated Processing of Oil Seeds with Special Reference to Groundnuts.-All the items of equipment imported as well as indigenous, required for the project were received at the Sewri Factory of Tata Oil Mills Co. Ltd., Bombay, and the plant is being erected. It is expected that the processing of 500 kg. groundnut kernel per hour will commence shortly.
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(iii) Fluidised Bed Technique in Textile Processing.-An Expert Committee has been appointed by the Board of Directors to review the working of the Project and its future programme.
(iv) Production Unit for the Manufacture of Leather Auxiliaries-(1) Fat Liquors (2) Syntans.-A Production Unit for the manufacture of Leather Auxiliaries : (1) Fat Liquors and (2) Syntans at the Central Leather Research Institute, Madras at a cost of Rs. 2,98,500 has been sanctioned.
7.2.2. Progress of Processes Already licensed :-During the
year, commercial producation of the following was started:
Sl. Process Laboratory/Institute
No.
1. Hot Face Insulating Refractories-
(Indian Patent No. 59456)
Central Glass & Ceramics Re-
search Institute, Jadavpur, Calcutta.
2. Foam Glass (Indian Patent No. 49524) Do.
3. 4-Hydroxycoumarin and its derivatives National Chemical Laboratory,
Poona-8.
4. Catalysts for removal of inorganic Central Fuel Research Institute,
sulphur from industrial gasses (Indian Jealgora.
Patent No. 55816).
5. Salicyl Anilide ( Indian Patent No. 69680)
6. Rot Proofing Compounds(Shrifircide) Sriram Institute for Industrial
7. Shrifirlan process for imparting Resaerch, Delhi.
ties to woollen materials.
8. An auger Boaring Guide-(Indian Patent No. Central Building Research Insti-
82303). tute, Roorkee.
9. Resin emulsions and dispersion resins from CNSL
-(Indian Patent Nos. 60612 and 60613).
10. Composition for derusting surface treatment
and temporary protection based on
tannins-(Indian Indian Railways.
Patent No. 60684).
11. Air Cooler (Indian Patent No. 67888) Ministry of Defence.
NOTE :-During the year production on the inventions licensed went up
considerably as reflected by higher income from royalty.
8. International Scientific Unions.-India continued to be a member of the International Council of Scientific Unions and of the following International Unions and Associations etc. through this Ministry :
1. International Union of Pure & Applied Chemistry
2. International Union of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics
3. International Union of History of Sciences
4. International Geographical Union
5. International Union of Biological Sciences
6. International Scientific Radio Union
7. International Astronomical Union
8. International Union of Crystallography
9. International Union of Pure & Applied Physics
10. International Union of Geodesy & Geophysics
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11. International Union of Biochemistry
12. International Commission of Table of Constants
13. International Bureau of Weights & Measures
14. Special Committee on Oceanic Research
15. Pan Indian Ocean Science Association
16. International Federation of Documentation (through the Indian
National Documentation Centre)
8.1. Being a member of the Council, India continued to receive scientific literature which has proved very useful to scientific organisations in this country in keeping themselves posted with the latest scientific developments in other countries.
9. Scientific Delegations.-Twelfth International Congress of Entomology held in London from 8-16th July, 1964 was attended by an Indian delegation consisting of : (i) Dr. K. S. pradhan, Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta; (ii) Dr. S. Pradhan, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi; (iii) Dr. P. M. Chatterjee, Forest Research Institute, Dehra Dun; and (iv) Dr. R. P. Chowdhury, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar.
9.1. The Fifteenth General Assembly of the International Union of Biological Sciences was held in Czechoslovakia, from 18-22nd July, 1964 and the General Assembly of the International Biological Pro- gramme was held in Paris from 23-25th July, 1964. Dr. A. R. Gopal Ayengar, Director, Biology Group, Atomic Energy Establishment, Trombay, Bombay and Dr. K. Ganapathy, Director, Regional Research Laboratory, Jammu attended as Indian delegates.
9.2. A delegation consisting of : (i) Dr. S. P. Chatterjee, Calcutta University, Calcutta and (ii) Dr. V. L. S. Prakasa Rao, Osmania University, Hyderabad, attended the Eleventh General Assembly and the Twentieth. International Geographical Congress, held in London from the 21-28th July 1964.
9.3. The invitation extended by the Government of India to the International Geographical Union for holding its 21st International Geographical Congress due in 1968 in India, was accepted by the General Assembly, of the International Geographical Union.
9.4. The Seventh Congress of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences was held in Moscow from the 3-10 August, 1964 and Dr. D. K. Sen, Director, Anthropological Survey of India, Calcutta attended the Congress.
9.5. The Tenth International Botanical Congress was held from the 3-12 August, 1964 in Edinburgh and was attended by two Indian delegates including Dr. H. Santapau, Director, Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta. Prior to his participation in the Congress, Dr. Santapau. also attended the meeting in Edinburgh to discuss the problems regarding the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature.
9.6. The Twelfth General Assembly of the International Astronomical Union was held in Hamburg from 25th August to 3rd September, 1964 and Dr. M. K. Vainu Bappu, Director, Astrophysical Observatory, Kodai kanal, and Dr. S. D. Sinvhal, Director, U. P. State Observatory, Nainital attended the Assembly.
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9.7. The 53rd meeting of the International Committee oil Weights and Measures was held in Paris from the 8-13 October, 1964. Shri Prem Parkash, a scientist in the National Physical Laborarory, New Delhi, attended the meeting.
9.8. The Third meeting of the British Commonwealth Scientific Committee was held in New Zealand from the 15th November to 6th December, 1964. The Indian delegation led by Dr. Y. Nayudamma, Director, Central Leather Research Institute, Madras, consisted of two other members.
10. Indian Science Congress.-The Combined 51st and 52nd Session of the Indian Science Congress, under the Presidentship of Prof. Humayun Kabir, was held in Calcutta from the 31st December 1964 to 6th January, 1965. The Session was inaugurated by Prof. S. N. Bose, F. R. S., National Research Professor. Among the large number of scientists who attended the Congress, there were 35 eminent scientists from other countries.
11. Scheme for Vijnan Mandirs.-The Vijnan Mandirs have been set up with a view to stimulating interest in Science amongst the people in rural areas and also to help them to an intelligent appreciation of the scientific principles underlying problems of vital interest affecting their daily life. There are at present 50 Vijnan Mandirs. In pursuance of the recommendation of the Assessment Committee on Vijnan Mandirs set up by the Government, the administrative control of Vijnan Mandirs was transferred to the State Governments in the beginning of 1963-64. After the transfer, one new Vijnan Mandir has been added so far. At the meeting of Central Advisory Board of Education held at Bangalore in October 1964, the value and importance of the Scheme was stressed on the State Governments. The State Governments are expected to open new Vijnan Mandirs in the near future. The target recommended for the fourth Plan is to open at least one Vijnan Mandir in each District of India.
12. Summer Schools.-Summer schools which provide an opportunity to our scientists and scholars to get together for valuable exchange of views and experience have been a useful annual feature. The Summer Schools/ Symposium held in 1964 were :
(i) A Summer School in Zoology (Cell Biology) at Ootacamund from 1-14 June, 1964, with Prof. B. R. Seshachar, of University of Delhi, as the director and attended by 25 scientists ;
(ii) A Summer School in Pharmaceuticals at Shillong from 10-20 June, 1964, with Dr. U.P. Basu, Head of the Bengal University Research Institute, Calcutta as the director and attended by 15 scientists;
(iii) A Symposium on the problems of Indian Arid Zone held at Jodhpur from the 23 November to 2 December 1964, in collaboration with the Unesco, with Dr. P. C. Raheja, Head of the Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur, as the director and attended by 58 Indian scientists and 17 eminent foreign scientists.
13. Scheme for Popularisation of Science.-The scheme for Popularisation of Science envisages the giving of grants-in-aid for the production of reasonably cheap and simple books, journals on popular scientific subjects in regional languages and also for bringing out translation of such literature from English and other foreign languages into regional languages. Financial assistance under this scheme was given for the publication of two journals and a book of popular scientific nature during the period under report.
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B. SURVEYS
B.1 SURVEY OF INDIA 14. Topographical and Development Project Surveys.-During 1964- 65 about 60 per cent of the field potential was engaged on topographical surveys (including defence and boundary demarcation) and the remainder on development project surveys being undertaken during the third Five Year Plan. Topographical surveys were also undertaken in Nepal as an Indian aid programme under the Colombo Plan. Details of the work done are given below.
(a) Topographical surveys in Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bhutan, Bihar, Goa, Daman and Diu, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Orissa, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal.
(b) Giving ground positions for construction of well- type pillars in the riverine areas of the International Boundary in Punjab (India)-West Pakistan Sector and joint work along the Indo East Pakistan Boundary in Mizo Hills-Chittagong Hill tract sector. Surveys for landing and approach charts of different air fields. Geodetic triangulation in U.P. and Madhya Pradesh; Geodetic levelling in Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Mysore, Maharashtra, Madras and Uttar Pradesh; Magnetic observations in Assam, Bihar, Manipur, Uttar Pradesh and Tripura; Gravity observations in Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Mysore, Assam, Manipur and Tripura; and Tidal observations in coastal areas.
(c) Surveys in connection with Inchamapalli Reservoir (Andhra Pradesh), Umiam Umtru (Assam), Kopilli (Assam), North Koel (Bihar), Narmada (Gujarat), Cauveri valley (Mysore), Aghanishini (Mysore), Varahi (Mysore), Barapole (Mysore), Tikkarpara (Orissa), Damba (Madhya Pradesh), Dabra (U.P.), Koteshwar Shivpur (U.P.), Kishau Dam (U.P.).
(d) Surveys in connection with the following projects were also undertaken :
(i) Barak Project in Assam
(ii) Gandak and Kosi Projects in Bihar
(iii) Damanganga Project and Kotar lands in Gujarat
(iv) Salal project in Jammu and Kashmir
(v) Grahma's land Reservoir, Palar Reservoir and Iddiki project in Kerala
(vii) Bodhghat project in Madhya Pradesh
(vii) Aini Reservoir, Bhima, Kukadi, Jayakawadi, Forest Surveys and Pench projects in Maharashtra
(viii) Manipur valley development project
(ix) Ghog Dam, Mukerian H. E. Project and Suil H. E. Scheme in Punjab
(x) Maneri Bhali scheme and Pancheshwar Dam project in U.P.
(xi) Double Tertiary levelling for Sunderban Drainage scheme in West Bengal
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(xii) Mahanadi Right Bank Resettlement area and Taldih Iron are project in Orissa
(xiii) Anas and Benas projects in Rajasthan
(xiv) Proposed site for Goa Engineering college
(xv) Sethu Samudram project in Madras
14.1. To cope with the survey tasks of the Ministry of Irrigation and Power, the raising of one additional Circle, 9 Field Parties and one Drawing Office was approved.
15. Participation in Conferences.-To keep abreast of developments elsewhere, the Department participated in the following important conferences abroad :
(i) Conference on Principles and Methods of Integrating Aerial Survey studies of Natural Resources for Potential Development from 21st to 28th September, 1964 held at Toulouse (France).
(ii) Fourth Regional United Nations Regional Cartographic Conference for Asia and the Far East held at Manila from 21 November to 5 December, 1964.
(iii) Symposium on "The Determination of the Figure of the Earth" arranged within official Symposia of the International Association of Geodesy of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics held at Prague from 6-10 October, 1964.
(iv) Second General Assembly of the International Cartographic Association held in London and the Technical Symposium held in Edinburgh from 27 July, 1964 to 4 August, 1964.
15.1. The Department also participated in the following Conferences/Seminars held in India :
(i) Second All-India Seminar on Photogrammetry held at Roorkee in May, 1964.
(ii) Second All-India Cadastral Surveys Conference held at Mussoorie in June, 1964.
(iii) International Geological Congress held at Delhi in December, 1964.
(iv) Symposium on the general problems of Indian Arid Zone held at Jodhpur in November-December, 1964.
16. Training of Officers Abroad.-Six officers are currently undergoing training abroad-two in Photogrammetry and one in Electronic Computer progressing and computation in U.K.; one in Photogrammetry at the International Training Centre for Aerial Surveys, Delft, the Netherlands; and two in the advanced techniques of mapping and survey work in the U.S.A.
17. Publications.-Various topographical and geographical maps, project maps, weather charts; approach and landing charts, cantonment maps, tide tables 1965, departmental and extra-departmental books and pamphlets were published by the department.
18. Grant-in-aid.-Grant-in-aid of Rs. 5,000 was given to the junior high school, Hathibarkala, Dehra Dun. The school was subsequently included in the Central Schools scheme of the Ministry.
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19. Proposed Additional Activities during 1965-66.-A project for pilot production and training centre for pre-investment surveying, mapping and training is proposed to be undertaken with assistance from the U.N. Special Fund. The project envisages provision of specialised training to about 500 Surveyors and Supervisory officers every year. In addition about 100 experienced survey officers will be given advanced specialised training every year. It also envisages the establishment of a pilot production centre which would utilise the latest available equipment at all stages in surveying, drawing and printing and bring out accurate and modern maps.
19.1. An agreement was signed on December 11, 1964 with the Government of the Netherlands for the establishment of an Indian Photo-interpretation Training Institute with assistance from the Netherlands Government. The proposed institute envisages the provision of specialised training to about 60 specialists and advanced training to about 15 senior specialists per year in the use of modern aerial photo-interpretation techniques in the disciplines of Geology, Forestry, Soil Survey etc. and base map production.
19.2. Besides this, under the project for pre-investment surveys of Forest Resources approved by the U.N. Special Fund for the Ministry of Food and Agriculture, the Survey of India will carry out detailed survey of areas of high potential for forest raw materials in the States of Andhra Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Mysore, Punjab and Uttar Pradesh.
20. National Atlas Organisation.-During the year under report three plates viz. India-Physiographic Regions 1 : 6M, Bombay Transport and Tourism 1 : 1M, and India-Waterways and Airways 1 : 6M were printed. Proofs of 24 plates were examined and sent to the Survey of India with print order. In addition, 129 plates were at various stages of drawing, compilation and proving.
20.1. Under the scheme of the Delineation of Planning Regions of India several maps showing economic regions, crop regions and land use regions were prepared. For inclusion in the section of Geography of the series `India-Land and People' undertaken by the National Book Trust of India an Atlas of India is being prepared by the National Atlas Organisation.
20.2. Maps of the main (English) edition of the National Atlas were exhibited at the Exhibition of National and Regional Atlases held in London from 20th to 29th July, 1964.
B-II. ANTHROPOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA 21. Physical Anthropology.-Under the All-India Anthropometric Survey started in 1960, about 36,800 individuals were measured in various States.
21.1. Another project `All-India Craniometric Survey' was undertaken by this Survey to examine and investigate the metric and non-metric characteristics on the skulls of various ethnic types of India that are deposited in the museums and medical colleges throughout India. 48 measurements on each cranium were carried out and during the period under review about 45 crania were so measured.
21.2. Genetic studies were carried out among the vaidya caste of West Bengal, the Pundits and the Muslims of Kashmir, the local population of
41
Kalimpong district (West Bengal), the Bhutias and Lepchas of Sikkim and the Rajbanshi caste of Midnapur district in West Bengal.
21.3. Dermatoglyphic Surveys were carried out in the districts of Jalpaiguri and Nadia in West Bengal and among the Gadaba and Paroja tribes of Koraput district of Orissa and the Bhutia and the Lepchas of Sikkim. Somatological data were also collected from the Lepchas and the Bhutias of Sikkim.
21.4. Longitudinal growth studies with Xray photographs are being made on the Bengali Children to show individual variations of growth rates of Bengali Children belonging to different Socioeconomic groups in Barisha and Sarsuna villages in 24-parganas of West Bengal.
22. Cultural Anthropology.-Field investigations were carried out to study the nomadic Birhors of Hazaribagh and those settled by the State Welfare Department of Bihar.
22.1. Sociological and economic data were collected from the Bhutias and the Lepchas of Sikkim. Photographic documentation of the people of Sikkim was also taken.
22.2. In connection with a scheme to study the social and cultural background of pottery techniques in India, field investigations were carried out in Orissa, Andhra and Jammu and Kashmir.
22.3. Field investigations were carried out in U.P., Punjab, Bihar, Rajasthan and also in Nepal to study the technique of indigenous industry on non-ferrous metal working practised by the Indian people.
22.4. Field studies were carried out to study the Kacharis of the United Mikir and North Cachar Hills, Assam.
22.5. In connection with the study of in-group stereo-types and intergroup relations in the Eastern zone of Indian field investigations were carried out in Orissa.
22.6 Linguistic field investigations were carried out among the Lodha tribe of Midnapur district in West Bengal. Field data were collected to study the Vokkaliga Community of Mysore State.
22.7. A project was undertaken to study the fertility and rate of growth of different sections of the population, and investigations are being carried out in West Bengal and in some hospitals in Calcutta. Investigations have also been started among the Khasi of Assam. Transcription of the South India data on fertility is in progress.
23. Laboratory Work.-In the Biochemical laboratory experiments are being conducted on the chemical nature of the unknown sugarlike compound detected in dark coloured hair.
23.1. In the Osteological laboratory, cleaning, preservation and restoration of human skeletons from Burzaham in Kashmir and the human skeletal remains recovered from Pandu Rajar Dhibi in West Bengal are being carried out.
24. The Reports completed were : (1) Fertility report on seven Bengal villages; (2) Preliminary report on the study of the Bhutias and the Lepchas of Sikkim; (3) Colour Blindness on the population of Maharashtra; (4) Caste
42
Panchayat of the Kurmi Mahatas of South Chotanagpur; and (5) A preli- minary report on the Pengo-a Dravidian language of Koraput district (Orissa).
25. Anthropological Gallery.-Repairing and restoration of about 200 musical instruments were carried out and arrangements are being made to exhibit them in a new gallery in the Indian Museum, Calcutta.
26. Visits.-Under the Indo-Soviet Cultural Exchange Programme two Soviet Anthropologists visited India from September 15, to October 14, 1964.
26.1. Dr. D. K. Sen, Director, Anthropological Survey of India attended the Seventh International Anthropological and Ethnological Congress at Moscow in August, 1964.
27. Proposed Activities during the year 1965-66.-The following investigations which are already undertaken will continue during 1965- 66; (1) All India Anthropometric Survey; (2) All India Craniometric Survey; (3) Survey of population and fertility; (4) Blood group Survey; (5) Linguistic Survey of Eastern India; (6) Growth and skeletal maturation study in Barisha and Sarsuna villages of West Bengal;(7) Study of the Social and cultural background of pottery technique in India; (8) Ethnographic study of a few tribes of India; (9) Study of caste and caste Panchayat in a few States of India; and (10) The effect of industrialisation on the tribal population around the steel town of Chittaranjan in West Bengal,
B-III. BOTANICAL SURVEY OF INDIA 28. Exploration.-The explorations carried out during the year under review are :
(i) Expedition of Rupkund by the Bengal Himalayan Association.
(ii) Continuation of the exploration of medicinal and other plants of the different areas of Bhutan.
(iii) Exploration of the Andaman & Nicobar Islands.
(iv) Exploration of the areas likely to be submerged by construction of Dams in Orissa, Mysore, Madras and Kerala.
(v) Exploration of other areas in the country which have not yet been fully explored.
29. Research Work.-88 papers on various botanical researches including those relating to economic and medicinal values of Indian plants, were published. The researches are : (a) Chemical screening in the family Solanaceae for steroidal alkaloids specially Solasodine; (b) Intensive work relating to the Monocots of Assam, especially the Orchids and (c) Physiological studies especially connected with the recent deaths of the Rain-tree in Calcutta and elsewhere.
30, Development of the Indian Botanic Gardens.-Considerable improvements have been carried out in the Indian Botanic Gardens since it was taken over by the Government of India from the Government of West Bengal in January, 1963. A modern Herbarium Building in the Garden, at an estimated cost of Rs. 36.55 lakh, is expected to be constructed soon. Renovation of Palm Houses is likely to be taken up shortly. A small Rest
43
House for Indian and Foreign Research Scholars has been provided in the garden itself to enable them to stay in the premises and conduct studies and research. A small Rose Garden was raised and a Succulent Garden set up. The great Banyan tree was given leaf feeding with Urea spraying. The Garden won 30 trophies in different Flower and Plant Shows in the city.
31. Scientific and Cultural Exchanges.-Dr. H. Santapau, Director, and Shri R. S. Rao, Regional Botanist, attended the Tenth International Botanical Congress held at Edinburgh in August, 1964. The Director and other Senior officers of the Survey continued collaboration with universities by making their services available to universities for special lectures, guidance to research workers and advice on their committees. Exchange of seeds, plants, herbarium specimens between the Survey and other Institutions in India and abroad continued to increase.
32. Proposed Activities during the year 1965-66
(i) The building projects for the Central National Herbarium, Southern Circle, and other units of the Botanical Survey of India, are to be taken up.
(ii) Setting up of a chain of Botanical gardens in different regions of the country, in a phased programme.
(iii) Developing the existing experimental gardens at Poona and Yarcaud, and setting up more experimental gardens in different climatic regions of the country in a phased programme.
(iv) Development of National Orchidaria at Shillong and Shevroy Hills.
(v) Further development of the Indian Botanic Garden at Sibpur.
(vi) Further exploration of the areas likely to be submerged in reser voir projects.
(vii) Continued collaboration with the Universities.
(viii) Publication and reprinting of the "Floras of India".
B-IV. ZOOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA 33. Exploration and Faunistic surveys were conducted in South Andamans, Andhra Coast, River Tawi, and its tributaries (Jammu & Kashmir), Kanha National Park (Madhya Pradesh), Poona and adjoining areas, Mahanadi Estuary (Orissa), Gurgaon (Punjab), Jaisalmer, Mount Abu, Udaipur (Rajasthan), Digha, Raniganj, Calcutta (West Bengal). The collections made are under study.
34. Co-operation with International Bodies.-The survey continued cooperation with a number of international scientific and other bodies interested in the development of zoological studies and researches. The following paragraphs give the Survey's participation in this field :
(1) The Central Card Index Scheme of Unesco for indexing Zoological specimens of South Asia viz. India, Pakistan, Ceylon and Burma set up in November, 1962 continued up to 30th November, 1964 during which period speedy and satisfactory progress has been made.
44
(2) Dr. M. L. Roonwal, Director, at the invitation of Unesco, attended the Unesco International Symposium on African Termites and presided over the meetings of the Unesco International Committee on Termite problems held in Leopoldville (Congo) from 6-18 May, 1964.
(3) Shri K. S. Pradhan, Superintending Zoologist attended the Twelfth International Congress of Entomology held in London from 8-16 July, 1964.
(4) Dr. A. P. Kapur, Deputy Director attended and participated in the symposium on "Major Insects Pests of Rice" held at Manila (Philippines) by the International Rice Research Institute from 14-19 September, 1964.
(5) Shri V. D. Shrivastava, Assistant Zoologist was deputed for training in Soil Biology in New Delhi from December 21, 1964 to January 16, 1965, organised by the Unesco Regional Training Course in Soil Biology.
(6) Dr. M. L. Roonwal, Director and Dr. V. C. Aggarwal, Zoologist, attended the International Symposium in "Problems of Indian Arid Zone" held in Jodhpur from November 23 to December 2, 1964 under the joint auspices of the Unesco and the Government of India.
(7) At the invitation of the Unesco, Dr. M. L. Roonwal, Director, has been appointed as the Chairman of the Visiting Committee for Zoological Collections for South-East Asia and is likely to proceed on deputation for four weeks in the beginning of February, 1965 to the South-East Asian countries.
35. International Indian Ocean Expedition.-Several members of the staff of the Survey participated in the three cruises on I.N.S. `Kistna' organised by the Indian National Committee for Oceanic Research in their programme for the International Indian Ocean Expedition from 8-20 June, 1964; 13-22 July, 1964 and August 12 to September 15, 1964.
36. Research Training Scholarships and Fellowships and Research Schemes.-Research Fellowships and Research Scholarships of the value of Rs. 400 p.m. and Rs. 250 p.m. respectively sanctioned in the survey were continued. Six month Taxidermy Training Course was given to two nominees one from Madhya Pradesh and the other from Kerala.
37. National Zoological Collections.-The Zoological Collections of the Zoological Survey of India hitherto known as "Standard Zoological Collections" have been redesignated as "National Zoological Collections of India" to attract more collections.
38. Future Programme.-This includes the setting up of a High Altitude Regional Station at Gulmarg (Jammu & Kashmir) and 3 divisions at the Headquarters; viz..(i) Higher Invertebrate; (ii) Identification and advisory service and (iii) Field Survey Division.
45
C. FINANCIAL PROVISIONS
39. The financial provisions made on account of the schemes
discussed in the Chapter are :
Provision for 1964-65 Provision for
Sl. Scheme 1965-66
No. Original Revised
1 2 3 4 5
1. Grants-in-aid to Scientific Societies &
Institutions 61,97,000 55,26,000 54,83,000
2. National Research Professors. 1,80,000 1,88,200 2,03,200
3. Partial Financial Assistance to Indian
Scientists going abroad 40,000 55,000 40,000
4. Indian Scientific Liaison Office,
London 1,24,000 63,000 42,000
5. National Research Development
Corporation 20,18,300 13,12,500 13,55,000
6. International Scientific Unions 1,78,000 1,79,000 1,21,000
7. Expenditure on Non-official members
of Scientific Delegations 40,000 25,000 40,000
8. Vijnan Mandirs 6,42,000 4,35,500 5,96,000
9. Summer Schools and Seminars 1,50,000 1,20,000 1,20,000
10. Scheme for Popularization of Science 50,000 16,000 25,000
11. Survey of India 4,16,09,000 3,69,40,600 4,30,57,900
12. National Atlas Organisation 9,60,000 8,00,000 8,45,000
13. Anthropological Survey of India 14,65,900 12,54,100 15,70,100
14. Botanical Survey of India 28,35,000 26,09,800 31,70,900
15. Zoological Survey of India 25,96,000 19,50,700 28,05,300