F: HIMACHAL PRADESH
14.35.
Primary Education:
60 lower primary and 61 higher
primary schools were newly started or upgraded raising
251
the total number of lower primary schools to 3739 and higher primary
schools to 701 in the Pradesh. The estimated enrolment, during the
year, of 6-11 age-group children is 15 lakh.
14.36. 10 higher primary schools were granted Rs. 500 each, an
equal amount being contributed by the local village community. 6 free
hostels are run for about 450 students. Incentives were provided, in
the form of free writing materials in classes I and II and free
textbooks in classes I-VIII. There are three pre-vocational training
centres functioning in the Pradesh.
14.37.
Secondary Education:
During the year 28 additional
high schools were started raising the number to 382 including 75
higher secondary schools. A Slate Board of School Education was
established in the Pradesh during 1969-70 to conduct all school-level
examinations.
14.38.
Higher Education:
The total college enrolment during
the year was of the order of 10,000 boys and 2,500 girls. There are
17 colleges for general education (including 6 non government) besides
a Regional Centre for Postgraduate Studies. During the year, a non-
government college has been started.
14.39.
Social Education:
About 2000 adults were made
literate under the literacy programme of the Education Department.
During 1970-71 the literarcy in the Pradesh is estimated to be around
28 per cent. against 21 per cent, in 1961. The Department bad been
running one Central State Library at Solan, 7 district libraries and 2
mobile library services.
14.40.
Teachers' Training:
For the training of teachers,
the Department of Education runs 6 training schools for junior
teachers and 3 colleges of education for graduate teachers. Facili-
ties are also available for training of teachers for home science,
Hindi, Sanskrit, physical education and arts and crafts.
252
14.41.
Special Education:
There are 8 Sanskrit institutions
(3 non-government) with a total enrolment of approximately 400
students. M.A. classes in Sanskrit were started in the State In-
stitute of Languages this year. For training in fine arts, the De-
partment has been running a College of Fine Arts, Music and Dancing at
Simla.
14.42.
Education of Girls:
There are 12 lower primary, 52
higher primary, 24 high and 13 higher secondary schools for girls.
Generally, there is co-education at the primary stage and no separate
primary schools for girls ate opened by the Department unless it is
absolutely essential.
14.43.
Facilities for Scheduled Castes and Tribes Students:
Scheduled caste and scheduled tribe children are provided free tuition
in schools up to the secondary stage. The Government is running four
free hostels for such children where they get the facility of free
meals, residence and clothing. Two such hostels are also functioning
in Bir Bhangal area of Kangra district.
14.44.
Science Teaching:
General Science is taught to those
students who do not offer elective science as one of their subjects.
During the year, 15 lower primary and 10 higher primary schools were
covered under the UNICEF-aided project of science education.
G: LACCADIVE, MINICOY AND AMINDIVI ISLANDS
14.45.
Educational Facilities:
There are 6 nursery, 19
lower primary, 8 higher primary, 4 high, and one higher secondary
schools and one balawadi attached to J. B. School for Girls. The
total number of children on rolls is 7,121 as against 6,697 in 1969-
70.
14.46.
Education of Girls:
Three senior Basic and four
junior Basic schools are functioning exclusively for girls. A
separate girls section for high school classes has been opened in the
High School, Kalpeni, during 1969-70. A separate girls hostel is
functioning in two places. As an incentive to girls'
253
education, two sets of uniforms (skirts and blouses and black voil for
head wear) are supplied to girl students. Grown-up girls students are
supplied with two half saries (dhavanies) in addition. Of the 7,121
students on rolls, 2,692 are girls as against 2,539 in 1969-70.
14.47.
Science Teaching:
General science is taught in all
schools as a compulsory subject. To spot brilliant students in
science at the higher secondary stage, a Science Talent Search Scheme
has been implemented.
14.48.
Scholarships and Other Concessions:
The inhabitants
of the territory are all Muslims classified as scheduled tribes.
Education is free at all stages in his territory. Facilities for
education only up to the higher secondary stage are available in the
territory and students desiring to take up higher education go to the
mainland. There are 138 scholarship-holders in the mainland
institutions for various courses and 358 scholarship holders in the
Island schools. 58 students have been newly admitted for various
courses in the mainland institutions-all on scholarships over and
above free concessions. Students studying in pre-degree/B.A./B.Sc.
classes and other degree courses in government colleges and residing
in the attached hostels, an the mainland, are allowed actual expenses
instead of scholarships. The students accommodated in Island hostels
are also allowed hostel expenses. Textbooks and writing materials are
supplied free to all school students. Free midday meals are also
given to all school children in the nursery, junior Basic and senior
Basic schools/sections.
14.49.
Adult Literacy:
Adult education classes are
conducted under Social Education Pilot Project Scheme to eradicate
illiteracy. This scheme also envisages a women welfare programme, a
youth welfare programme and training in health habits. Reading room-
cum-libraries are established in all islands, to cater particularly
for the needs of the neo-literates, besides others.
14.50.
Budget:
In 1970-71. the expenditure on general edu-
cation is estimated at Rs. 5,00,000 for Plan schemes and
254
Rs. 16,26,000 for non-Plan schemes. In 1971-72 the expenditure is
expected to be Rs. 5,00,000 for Plan schemes and Rs. 16,91,000 for
non-Plan schemes.
H: MANIPUR
14.51.
Educational Facilities:
There were 2,397 lower,
primary/junior Basic, 379 higher primary/junior high and 123 high/
higher secondary schools during 1960-70. There were 13 colleges of
general education and 11 colleges of professional and special
education, including a law college, art college, college of dance and
music, etc. The pre-medical class exists in the Government D.M.
College, There was one private technical institute imparting training
in diploma course. This institute is being converted into a full-
fledged government polytechnic.
14.52.
Girls' Education:
While education is free up to
class VIII, girls' education is free till the end of the secondary
stage. Some scholarships are reserved for girls. Besides, the
Administration has been implementing special programmes like the award
of attendance scholarships, special merit scholarships, payment of
financial assistance, to poor and needy girls, construction of
sanitary blocks, etc., by way of incentives for girls' education.
14.53.
Science Teaching:
General science is taught as a
compulsory subject to classes III-VIII and as optional in high school
classes. The Administration is taking action for the introduction of
science in the Government Girls' College. A separate College of
Science is also being started.
14.54.
Scholarships and Other Concessions:
Nearly 80 per
cent of the students prosecuting higher studies avail themselves of
the scholarships offered under schemes like National Scholarships,
State Merit Scholarships, Teachers' Children Scheme, Hindi
Scholarships and Lower Income Group Scholarships.
14.55.
Teachers' Training:
Every year 100 graduate teachers
are deputed for B.T. training, 100 undergraduate teachers for senior
Basic training and 505 teachers for junior Basic teachers'
255
training. For Hindi teachers' training, 40 primary teachers Were
deputed. 15 Hindi teachers of high schools were also deputed for
training at Agra. 12 physical education teachers were deputed for
training outside Manipur. Besides some high school teachers were
deputed for B.Ed. (Basic), home science and other special courses.
14.56.
Special Facilities for Scheduled Caste and Scheduled
Tribe Students:
All scheduled caste and scheduled tribe students
are exempted from the payment of tuition fees. They are given
scholarships for pre-matric as well as post-matric studies. Grants
Mere given for the construction of school buildings, teachers'
quarters and hostels for the tribal schools on 50 per cent sharing
basis.
14.57.
Adult Literacy:
One Book Competition for the Adult
Neo-literates, was conducted. 5 prize-winning books were published and
copies purchased for the village libraries.
I: PONDICHERRY
14.58.
Educational Facilities:
Adequate educational facili-
ties from the primary to the university stage and for technical
education have been provided in the Territory. There are 259 lower
primary, 81 higher primary and 46 high schools and 7 colleges
including the one run by Sri Aurobindo Ashram and another run by the
French Government. Besides, there ace two teacher training centres,
four pre-vocational training centres, one junior technical school, one
polytechnic, one school of nursing run by the Administration Medical
Department and one postgraduate medical education and research
institution administered by the Government of India. Two special
institutions, namely, (1) school for the Blind, and (2) School for
Deaf and Dumb are catering to the needs of the handicapped children.
Seats are reserved for the territory students in the colleges and
institutions of the neighbouring states for the courses that are not
offered in this territory. For the benefit of employees in
government, quasigovernment and private firms, evening colleges with
two-year
256
P.U.C. are functioning at Pondicherry and Karaikal. During the year,
2 new pre-primary schools. 65 additional classes in the lower primary
stage, 35 additional classes in the higher primary stage, 15
additional classes in high schools and one new high school have been
opened; the third year classes of the degree courses introduced in
1968-69 and the second year class of B.A. (Tamil) degree for women
have also been opened. Besides, postgraduate courses in mathematics
and economics and B.Sc. degree course in home science have been
introduced. A new college at Mahe with a two-year pre-degree course
affiliated to the Calicut University and a junior college with two-
year intermediate course at Yanam have been opened. With the starting
of these two colleges, higher education facilities can be said to have
been provided in all the regions of the territory.
14.59.
Girls Education:
There are 14 lower primary, 17
higher primary and 12 high schools and one college exclusively for
girls. The steps taken to encourage girls' education include: (i) the
introduction of free education up to the end of P.U.C.; (ii) award of
various post-matric scholarships for poor and meritorious girl
students for prosecuting higher studies; (iii) free supply of school
stationery for the children in standards I-III in government schools;
(iv) free midday meals; (v) posting of women teachers in mixed schools
in rural areas and the payment of a special monthly allowance to them
to work in rural areas, etc. Besides, attendance scholarships and
merit scholarships ate awarded to girl students at the school stage.
State Council for Women's Education has been functioning to advise the
Education Department in the promotion of girls' education.
14.60.
Science Teaching:
Study of science at the school
stage is compulsory. Science subjects have also been included among
the electives in secondary schools. Additional scientific equipment
have been provided for some of the higher primary schools and three
selected high schools provided with laboratory equipment, furniture,
books, etc.
14.61.
Scholarships and Other Concessions:
Mid-day meals
augmented by CARE supplies are provided for all the students
257
in government schools up to the V standard. Schemes like the award of
Pondicherry Merit Scholarships, Scholarships to the Children and
Grand-Children of Political Sufferers, Scholarships to the Children
of School teachers, National Merit Scholarships, National Loan
Scholarships, etc., are implemented to help poor and deserving
students to prosecute their studies. Besides, scheduled caste
students are awarded scholarships by the Harijan Welfare Department.
14.62.
Adult Literacy:
The Education Department is con-
ducting one social education centre and four adult literacy centres.
Four more adult education cenres have been opened during the year.
Besides these, the Block Development Department, the Harijan Welfare
Department and the Social Welfare Department are running adult schools
in the territory.
14.63.
Budget:
The expenditure on education for 1970-71 is
estimated at Rs. 34.99 lakh for Plan schemes and Rs. 123.765 lakh for
the non-Plan items. The corresponding figures for 1971-72 are Rs.
52.60 lakh and Rs. 128.033 lakh respectively.
J: TRIPURA
14.64.
Educational Facilities:
There are 368 pre-primary
(including balwadi centres), 1,417 lower primary, 230 higher primary,
and 87 high/higher secondary schools and 6 general degree colleges
with a postgraduate wing in one college, 1 degree college for
engineering, 1 polytechnic institute, 1 music college, and 51 Sanskrit
tols, madarsas and muktabs. The enrolment figures are given below:
(a) Lower Primary Stage 1,87,313
(b) Higher Primary stage 46,189
(c) High/Higher Secondary Stage 19,901
(d) Univerity/College Stage 5,705
(e) Sanskrit Tols, Madarsas & Muktabs 1,769
258
14.65.
Girls' Education:
One degree college, 11 higher
secondary schools and 3 senior Basic schools are being run exclusively
for girls, while in other institutions co-education is followed.
Education for girls is free up to the higher secondary stage and for
girl students belonging to scheduled tribes/castes, it is free up to
the collegiate stage. During 1970-71, the Administration was
considering the question of awarding attendance scholarships to girl
students in classes II-V and giving dresses to poor girls in classes
III-VIII. To encourage women teachers to serve in rural and backward
areas, it was proposed to construct women teachers' quarters and
sanitary blocks attached to schools.
14.66.
Science Teaching:
It is proposed to develop a
Science Unit in the Department and to extend facilities to science
teachers for training and higher education. A programme providing
each school and college, with well-equipped laboratories, equipment
and trained teachers has been in the offing.
14.67.
Scholarships and Other Concessions:
There are a
number of schemes for the grant of scholarships. Book grants are
given to the diligent students in indigent circumstances. Free
textbooks worth Rs. 23,000 were distributed to students belonging to
scheduled tribe/caste students in classes I-II. Various types of
special facilities are being provided to students of scheduled castes
and scheduled tribes and other backward classes such as reservation of
seats, at the collegiate level, exemption from the payment of tuition
fees, examination fees, supply of free textbooks, book grants, free
dresses, hostel facilities, boarding house stipends and scholarships
for higher studies. Children of primary schools have been provided
with mid-day meals.
14.68.
Adult Literacy:
During the year, it was proposed to
start 50 adult literacy centres, 20 social education centres, 20
balwadis, 2 Sishu Ranga, 2 reading-cum-information centres and to
organise training, study tours, seminars, etc., of social education
workers. Awards to youth clubs/mahila mandals for literacy drive were
also proposed.