EDUCATION IN UNION TERRITORIES
The Government of India bear a special responsibility for educa- tion in the Union Territories. The Territories of Goa, Daman and Diu, Pondicherry and Mizoram have their own legislatures and exercise powers specified in the Government of Union Territories Act, 1963. Delhi has a Metropolitan Council and an Executive Council which func- tions according to the Provision of the Delhi Administration Act, 1966. The other territories namely Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Chandigarh, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, L.M. & A. Island and Arunachal Pradesh have no legislatures.
ANDAMAN AND NICOBAR ADMINISTRATION
Educational Facilities There are 180 educational institutions in this Territory, com- prising 1 Government Degree College, 1 Teachers Training School, 12 Higher Secondary Schools, 21 Senior, Basic Schools, 141 Junior Basic Schools and 4 Pre-Primary Schools with a total enrolment of 19,054 (11014 Boys and 8040 Girls). The total number of teachers is 1011 of which 326 are females. Total number of trained teachers is 819 of which 274 are females. Total number of untrained teachers is 192 of which 52 are females. Education up to Higher Secondary stage is free. Out of 21763 scholars at the school and college level 12496 are males and 9267 females. Free books are provided to the pupils at all, stages of education i.e., up to Higher Secondary stage, whose parents' income is less than Rs. 2,000 per annum, in case of University stage the limit is Rs. 2,500. Mid-day meals are provided to all the stu- dents tip to Class VIII @ 20 Paise per student per working day. Stipends are given to the hostellers from rural
159
160
areas @ Rs. 30 p.m. Free travel concession is given to the students coming beyond a distance of 4 Kms by bus or ferry service.
Science Teaching out of 9 Higher Secondary Schools facilities for Science courses are available in 5 Higher Secondary Schools and Commerce courses in two schools, Agricultural courses in one. Five Lecturers were ap- pointed in Botany, Physics and Chemistry. Furniture and equipment were purchased for Laboratory. Large number of books were purchased for Library. Pre-medical course, B.Sc. Part I and Music were intro- duced during 1971-72. Science Laboratory was constructed. Science Seminars and Workshops are being organised regularly for the teachers with the help of NCERT.
Teacher Training There is one Junior Basic Teacher's Training School located at Port Blair. The intake capacity of this Institute is 100. Fresh candidates are given stipends @ Rs. 50 p. m. The duration of the course has been enhanced to two years from 1972-73 in case of fresh candidates. Seminars and workshops are being organised with the help of NCERT to acquaint the teachers with the latest developments and trends in the field of education. At present there are 126 trainees out of which 76 are in service and the rest are freshers. Stipends have also been suspended from the year 1972-73.
Adult Literary There are 29 centres and the enrolment is 499. Twenty eight part-time teachers are working in these centres. 347 adults appeared for the examination at the end of the session out of Which 324 were' declared successful. A Social Education Organiser has been appointed as a Technical man to coordinate the activities of the social educa- tion. Extension Officers have been appointed for each for the imple- mentation of the schemes. Technical guidance is being given by the Education Department.
161
Budget In 1972-73 the expenditure on General Education is estimated to be Rs. 32,67,000 for Plan schemes and Rs. 63,24,000 for non-plan schemes. In 1973-74 the expenditure is expected to be Rs. 39,10,000 for Plan schemes and Rs. 68,40,000 for Non-Plan items.
CHANDIGARH The Union Territory of Chandigarh continued to make rapid progress in the field of Education during the period under report. S. Man Mohan Singh, IAS, continued to be the Secretary incharge, Educa- tion Department and Mrs. H. M. Dhillon, Principal, Government College for Men, Chandigarh held the charge of Director of Public Instruction in addition to her own duties.
Enrolment The increase in enrolment at the various stages as compared to the previous year, is as under :
ENROLMENT
Stage 1971-72 1972-73 increase
during
1972-73
(a) Classes I-V 2800 30500 2300
(b) Classes VI-VIII 12100 13100 1000
(c) Classes IX-XI 6800 7100 300
(d) Higher Education 15900 16400 500
Three Nursery schools in villages and 3 new Primary Schools were started. Two primary schools were upgraded to Middle Standard and two middle schools to High Standard. In this connection 54 posts of teachers were created. 11 posts of lecturers were sanctioned at the college stage.
162
Buildings The Administration has made special efforts to provide roofed accommodation for children in schools. In case of village primary schools, grants amounting to Rs. 1.30 lakh have been given to various village Panchayats for construction of school buildings. An equal amount will have to be provided by the Panchayat in the shape of land, labour etc. Under this programme all the village primary schools will have adequate buildings by the end of next year. The work on the extension of three Secondary School buildings in the villages at a cost of Rs. 2.70 lakh is also likely to be completed by the end of current year.
Improvement of Other Facilities In order to remove the deficiencies in the physical plan of the schools, the following facilities are being provided :
(i) Library books and Science Material worth Rs. 20,000 are being provided in various secondary schools.
(ii) Furniture for 2000 more children will be provided.
(iii) Work Experience programme has been extended to two more Schools with help of funds provided by the Govern- ment of India under the Crash Programme
(iv) Milk feeding programme being implemented in the Government Primary Schools has further been extended to a few villages. At present about 12000 children are being covered under this programme.
College Education In order to improve the standard of education in the Evening Science Classes in the local Government College, 5 posts of fulfledged lecturers have been created. Prep. Science Class has also been started in the evening from this year.
The hostel of the Home Science College is being extended with the help of the UGC at a total cost of Rs. 6.40 lakh.
163
Adult Literacy In order to reduce the increasing number of adult illiterates, an Adult Education Centre has been started in the Industrial Area Labour Colony.
Budget In 1972-73, the expenditure on General Education is estimated to be Rs. 16,95,000 for Plan schemes, and Rs. 1,90,000 for Non-Plan items. The corresponding figures for 1973-74 are Rs. 21,53,000 and Rs. 1,70,00,000 respectively.
DADRA AND NAGAR HAVELI
Educational Facilities There are 150 primary schools, 4 pre-primary schools and 4 high schools in the Union Territory, with co-education at all levels of school education. Post-matric scholarships are granted regularly to candidates coming forward for the same to receive higher education outside the Territory. Pre-matric scholarships are also provided. Free education up to the S.S.C. stage is provided. Free mid-day meals are supplied to all existing primary and pre-primary schools. Text- books, notebooks, slates etc. are supplied free to pupils of primary and secondary schools. Clothes are supplied free to pupils of primary schools belonging to S.C./ S.T. and economically backward classes. Free medical treatment is also provided to poor and needy pupils of primary and secondary schools after the annual inspection.
Hostel Facilities There are 8 Government Social Welfare Hostels including one Ashram type school at Rakholi run by the Administration. A girls' hostel at Khanvel is also run by the Administration where S.C./S.T. and economically backward girls are admitted. Lodging and boarding, facilities are provided free of cost by the Administration.
164
Science Teaching Steps have been taken for improvement of science education in primary and secondary schools.
Facilities for Teachers Training Primary and Secondary teachers have been deputed for PTC and B.Ed. training.
Ideal Schools 30 Government Primary Schools are ideal schools where all toilet items are provided free for daily cleanliness of the pupils.
Basic Education Basic education has been introduced in 21 primary schools of the Administration where spinning and weaving is done by students of Standard V to VII. Pupils of Standards I to IV learn simple craft e.g. making articles from clay, thick paper etc.
Libraries There are two public libraries at Silvassa and Naroli. Besides, there is a National Library. All central primary schools have school libraries.
Vocationalisation of Education Vocational training has been introduced in 3 High Schools, at Silvassa, Naroli and Dadra.
General Lady teachers who are posted in the interior are given special allowances. Construction of teachers' quarters has been undertaken. Refresher courses for primary teachers in physical education have been started.
165
Budget In 1972-73, the expenditure on general education is estimated to be Rs. 5,56,000 for Plan schemes, and Rs. 11,50,000 for Non-Plan items. The corresponding figures for 1973-74 are Rs. 5,30,000 and Rs. 12,00,000 respectively.
DELHI
School Education There has been a marked expansion in School Education during the year. Keeping in view the increase in the student population of Delhi, 20 new Higher Secondary Schools, 8 Middle Schools and 50 Pri- mary schools have been opened during the year under review. The percentage of literacy among the residents of the Union Territory of Delhi has also increased to 94.1% in the age-group of 6-11, 85.2% in the age-group of 11-14 and 63.9% in the age-group of 14-17.
University Education Two new colleges have been started during the year and the number of seats in the existing colleges have also been increased to accommo- date all the students who were eligible for admission under the rules.
Adult Education Evening Higher Secondary schools and the Correspondence courses have been started during the year for those persons who are employed, but are anxious to improve their educational qualification. The number of students under the scheme of 'Correspondence courses' has increased from 5650 in the year 1971-72 to 12,000 during the year 1972-73.
166
Remedial Teaching To decrease the failure percentage among the failed students, 68 remedial teaching centres have been running. In addition to this, 30 study centres have also been started for those students, who have no facilities for study at their homes. Career Masters have also been appointed to guide the students in solving their psychological prob- lems and to choose their careers.
Supply of Free Text-books to Needy Children Text-books have been supplied free to those needy and poor stu- dents whose parents/guardians income is up to Rs. 300/- p.m. For this purpose 'Book Banks' have been established in the schools at a cost of Rs. 3.40 lakhs during the year. Arrangements have also been made to supply the text-books at cheaper rates to other students.
Physical Education Facilities for physical education have been provided not only to the school students but also to all the youth-folk in the territory through the Sports Board and the Delhi Sports Council.
N.C.C. Facilities for N.C.C. training in all the three wings of the Armed Forces, have been provided to boys as well as girl students. in all the Higher Secondary Schools and Colleges.
School Buildings Three new school buildings have been constructed during the year. A sum of Rs. 175.00 lakhs was provided for capital expenditure during the year.
167
Girls Education Out of 18 new Higher Secondary Schools, 10 Girls Higher Secondary Schools and 4 Co-education Higher Secondary Schools have been started during the year. To give incentive for girls education, the girl students are charged half the prescribed tuition fees. In rural areas the girls are given free bus conveyance. The number of girl students in these areas has increased to 1765 during the year.
Science Teaching Facilities for teaching science to students (both boys and' girls) have been provided in 287 Higher Secondary Schools (192 Govern- ment and 95 Government aided Higher Secondary Schools). Facilities for teaching biology have been extended to 5 schools this year. Science teaching according to the UNESCO programme has been started in 250 Primary Schools and 400 Middle Schools also during the year. Five Science Seminars were held during the year. The Science Teachers have also been given training during the vacations to teach science to the students under the scheme of 'Refresher Courses'.
Scholarships There are 26 scholarship schemes, which have been implemented during the year by the Delhi Administration and all the deserving students are being given the scholarships under these schemes.
Teachers' Training In addition to the existing facilities for Teachers Training, T.G.Ts & P.G.Ts of various schools participated in various training schemes of the Administration on various subjects.
168
Facilities for Students belonging to SC/ST and Other Backward
Classes Scheduled Caste students are given free education in all the Government and Government aided schools in the Union Territory of Delhi. These students are given post-matric scholarships ranging from Rs. 27 to Rs. 75 p.m. Pre-matric scholarships ranging from Rs. 30 to Rs. 60 p.m. are also given to S.C. students of Classes V-XI. Examina- tion fees are reimbursed to those students who are appearing in the Higher Secondary Examination. Besides, all scheduled caste students studying in Kasturba Vidayala are given scholarships at the rate of Rs. 35 to Rs. 40 p.m. The students belonging to backward classes whose parents'/guardians' income is less than Rs. 1500 per annum are given scholarships ranging from Rs. 25 to Rs. 60 per annum for the classes V-XI. Scholarships ranging from Rs. 25 to Rs. 70 per month are also given to college students whose parents'/guardians' income is less than Rs. 2,000 per annum in case of general education and less than Rs. 2,400/- per annum in case of technical education. The Tution fee is reimbursed to students of backward classes, whose parents'/guard- ians' income is less than Rs. 1500/- per annum in case of general education and Rs. 2,000/- in case of technical education viz. Medi- cal, Engineering and Agricultural fields.
Adult Education The 'Kisan Saksharta Scheme' has been introduced in 54 villages of Najafgarh zone to make the farmers literate about the methods of improving the Agricultural yields by using the improved manures etc. About 1023 farmers have taken advantage of this scheme. 64 Women Social Education Centres have been started in the rural areas during the year and 8 Evening schools have been started wherein 2500 adults are receiving education free of charge. Facilities for Audio-visual education have also been provided in these schools and about
169
700 film shows have been shown and a booklet 'Hamara Gaon has been printed and 2000 copies have been distributed among the literate villagers for their information and guidance.
Budget
R.E. 1972-73 B.E. 1973-74
Plan Rs. 4,40,00,000 Rs. 5,34,84,000
Non-Plan Rs. 22,20,00,000 Rs. 20,90,00,000
GOA, DAMAN & DIU
Primary Education There are 1069 Primary Schools/Sections as against 935 during the year 1971-72. The enrolment in Classes I-V is 1,12, 825. At the middle stage (i.e. VI-VIII) of Education there are 365 schools with an enrolment of 44,397 as against 36,720 during the year 1971.
Secondary Education During the year there are 203 high schools including one Higher Secondary School as against 195 high schools during 1971-72. The enrolment in Classes IX-XI is 32,698 as against 21,705 during the year 1971-72. These figures include the enrolment in three Technical High Schools Centres which are functioning in this Territory catering to the needs of Secondary School children offering diversified courses.
University Education Two new colleges viz. one Arts and Commerce College and another Fine Arts College were started during the year In all there are 5 Arts and Science Colleges, one Fine Arts College, one Pharmacy College and one Teachers Training College.
170
Besides, a Postgraduate Centre established by the Bombay University is also functioning in the territory conducting M.A./M.Sc/. M.Ed. and Ph.D. Courses in various subjects. The enrolment in Arts & Science, Commerce and Fine Arts Colleges is 5,894 and that in Professional Colleges is 695 during the year 1972-73. There is also one Food Crafts Institute offering courses in cooking, bakery, book-keeping etc. with an enrolment of 57.
Training of Teachers There are two Teachers Training Institutions for Primary Teachers of which one is Government and the other is private. The duration of the course is one year for S.S.C. candidates and two years for non- S.S.C. candidates. There is one Secondary Teachers Training College under private management which offers courses for B.Ed., M.Ed. and Diploma in Education. The enrolment during the year 1972-73 in B.Ed. was 79 and in M.Ed. 22. The enrolment in Diploma course which is one year was 36.
Education of Girls In order to promote education among girls belonging to poor sections, schemes for the purchase of school uniform, slates, books etc. during this year were implemented.
Facilities for Science Teaching Under the crash Programme for development of Science, grants are, paid to Schools for improving the Science teaching. During the year 1972-73 0.20 lakhs were given to 10 high Schools. Subject In- spectors for Science, Mathematics, were also appointed during this year in order to guide the teachers in teaching of these subjects at higher classes.
Scholarships and Other Concessions Scholarships Schemes like National Loan Scholarships, National Scholarships are implemented to help the poor and deserving students. Freeships to low-income group students up to S.S.C. level are given under this scheme. Children whose parents'
171
income is less than Rs. 1200/- p.a. are exempted from paying fees. Besides those schemes there are other schemes also viz. Merit Schol- arships, Scholarships to students of High/Higher Secondary Schools, studying Sanskrit. In addition to these, special facilities for S.C. and S.T. and other Backward class students are also provided. These facilities include freeships, grant of stipends, Postmerit scholar- ships.
Adult Education This scheme was continued during 1972-73 with an intensive lit- eracy drive especially in economically backward areas and other rural areas. During the year 1972-73, 98 Centres were opened in which about 12,000 adults were enrolled.
Budget The budget under Plan sector during the year 1972-73 is Rs. 127.41 lakhs out of which an amount of Rs. 104.35 lakhs and Rs. 22.56 lakhs are provided for General Education and Technical Education respectively.
PONDICHERRY
Educational Facilities Adequate educational facilities from Primary to the University stage have been provided in the territory. There are 47 Pre-Primary Schools, 286 Primary Schools, 82 Upper Primary Schools, 50 High Schools and 8 Colleges. Besides there are two Teachers Training Centres, four Pre-vocation Training Centres, one Junior Technical School, one Polytechnic, one School of Nursing run by the Medical Department of the Administration. and one Postgraduate Medical Educa- tion and Research Institution administered by the Government of India. One Law College has also been established during the year by the Administration. Two special institutions (i) School for the Blind(ii) School for the Deaf and Dumb, are catering to the needs
172
of the physically handicapped children. Seats are also reserved for the students of this territory in the Colleges and Institutions of the neighbouring States for the courses which are not offered in this territory. One Jawahar Bal Bhawan for the benefit of young children is also established in this Union Territory. For the benefit of the employees in Government, Quasi-Government and Private establishments, evening colleges with 2 year P.U.C. in Government Colleges at Pondi- cherry and Karaikal and B.A. (Eco.) in the Tagore Arts College, Pondi- cherry are functioning. Four Pre-vocational Training Centres cater to the needs of the children of age-group 11-14. The Junior Technical School, Pondicherry offers Technical Education to the age-group 14-17. The Motilal Nehru Polytechnic, Pondicherry, offers Diploma courses in Civil, Mechanical, Electrical, Electronics and commerce subjects. During the year 5 new primary schools, 75 additional classes in the upper primary schools, 17 additional/next higher classes in the exist- ing high schools and 3 new high schools have been opened. A Womens' College at karaikal has been opened with P.U.C. Classes.
Girls Education There are 3 Pre-Primary Schools, 20 Primary Schools. 18 Upper Primary Schools, 15 High Schools and 2 Colleges exclusively for girls. The steps taken to encourage Girls education include (1) the introduc- tion of free education up to the end of P.U.C./1 year, P.D.C./1 year, Intermediate pre-technical Courses (ii) award of various Post-matric Scholarships for poor meritorious girl students for prosecuting higher studies (iii) award of attendance scholarships and merit-cum-means scholarship (iv) free supply of school stationery for the poor stu- dents in Standards I to III in Government Schools (v) free mid-day meals (vi) Posting of women teachers to the mixed schools in rural Areas to encourage the enrolment of girls (vii) payment of special monthly allowance to the women teachers working in rural areas and construction of special sanitary blocks in the mixed schools.
173
Science Teaching Study of science at the school stage is compulsory and optional at the University level. Science subjects have also been included among the electives in Secondary schools in standards X and XI. In order to re-orient the method of teaching Science in Schools and to develop Scientific thinking in the students, the UNICEF assisted project on science teaching has been implemented as a Pilot project in 30 selected Upper Primary Schools and 50 Primary Schools. An Orienta- tion Course in the teaching of Science was conducted under the Scheme in which 190 teachers were retrained. Every year 6 high schools are supplied with adequate science equipments at a cost of Rs. 15,000/- per school and 50 per cent of the selected schools are provided with laboratory halls under the Scheme "Improvement of Standards in High Schools".
Scholarships and Other Concessions Various scholarships schemes like the National Scholarships, Scholarships for Children of School Teachers, National Loan Scholar- ships, National Scholarship for Talented Children in the Rural Areas, Scholarships for the Children and Grand Children of Political suffer- ers, Pondicherry Merit Scholarships etc. are implemented to enable the poor meritorious students to prosecute their studies. Education has been made free up to the end of P.U.C. stage in the Government insti- tutions. Besides, Scheduled Caste students are awarded scholarships by the state Department of Harijan and Social Welfare.
Facilities for Teacher Training There are two Teacher Training Centres imparting training to 120 students. Some seats are reserved in the training Colleges of the neighbouring States every year for the students of this territory.
30 M of ESW/72-12
174
Adult Literacy The Education Department is conducting one Social Education Centre. Four more Adult Literacy Centres have been opened during the year. An advisory Board of Adult Education has been constituted to promote adult literacy.
Budget The expenditure for the year 1972-73 is estimated at Rs. 70.39 lakhs for the Plan Schemes and Rs. 170.287 lakhs for non-plan items.
CENTRAL BOARD OF SECONDARY EDUCATION The Central Board of Secondary Education, after undergoing a series of transformation since its establishment in 1929, was recon- stituted in 1962 with a view to enabling it to play a more useful role in the field of secondary education; to make its services available to various educational institutions and to meet the needs of those stu- dents who have to move from State to State. The Board is making a significant contribution towards raising the standard of education through better methods of evaluation and improved curriculum, syllabi and textbooks and through a scheme of systematic inspection of the schoolsaffiliated to it.
The facility for affiliation to the Board is available to any educational institution situated in or outside India. The total number of Higher Secondary Schools affiliated to the Board stood at 853 on 30-9-72 as against 781 last year. This includes all the Ken- driya Vidyalayas (Central Schools) set up by the Government of India and located in the different parts of the country, which prepare candidates for the All India Higher Secondary Examinations. All the Higher Secondary Schools of Delhi and all the High and Higher Second- ary Schools of the Union Territory of Chandigarh prepare candidates for the Board's examinations. The Sainik Schools and the Military Schools
175
located in different States are also affiliated to the Board, besides many well-known Public Schools and Convent Schools in the country. The Indian Schools in Tehran (Iran), Kuwait, Bahrain (Arabian Gulf) and Kathmandu (Nepal) and the six Government Higher Secondary Schools in Sikkim are also affiliated to the Board.
The Board conducted this year the All India Higher Secondary (Three-year Course), the Delhi Higher Secondary (Three-year Course), the Higher Secondary Technical (Three-year Course), the D.M.P. Higher Secondary (Three-year Course) and the Higher Secondary (One-year Course) Examinations. In addition, the Board conducted the Matricula- tion and the Higher Secondary Part I and Part II Examinations; for the schools located in the Union Territory of Chandigarh. The total number of candidates who took the Board's examinations during the year under report was 71156 as against 57978 last year.
The Board awards 48 (including 2 for scheduled caste) merit scholarships to the successful candidates in its various examinations for pursuing higher studies. All the scholarships are of the value of Rs. 30.00 each and are tenable for a period of 36 month. In addition to this, the Board also awards medals and merit certificates to meri- torious candidates. The Board has also decided to exempt the bonafide children of the Defence personnel killed in action during the 1971 Indo-Pak conflict from payment of all examination fees payable to the Board. This concession will be available for a period of five years to all such candidates for the future examinations of the Board.
As a part of its programme of curriculum development, the Board has introduced the Three-Language Formula in the Delhi Higher Second- ary Schools, from 1972-73, following its success in the All India Higher Secondary Examination.
The Board has introduced for the first time in the country Physi- cal Education as an elective subject at the higher secondary stage from 1972-73. This has been provided by the Board in
176
its Delhi Higher Secondary and All India Higher Secondary Examina- tions. It has also decided to introduce Sociology, as an elective subject for its Higher Secondary Examinations.
A working group of eminent educationists has been constituted by the Board to look into various details and implications of the 12-year pattern of the school education as recommended by the Education Com- mission (1964-66) and accepted by the Government of India in its National policy on Education (1968).
Following the recommendations of the Education Commission to vocationalise secondary education, the Board has constituted special committees to formulate syllabuses in the different vocational courses under the new educational structure. The Committees will also look into the question of formulating the objectives of teaching these courses, teachers' qualifications, equipments and books required for each course. They will also suggest various agencies and organisa- tions where the facility for practical training may be arranged by schools in their vicinity.
The Board also examines students for its examinations through correspondence course in specified subjects.