CHAPTER XI EDUCATION IN UNION TERRITORIES
Education in the Union Territories constitutes a special res- ponsibility of the Central Government. The Territories of Goa, Daman and Diu, Pondicherry, Arunachal Pradesh and Mizoram have their own legislatures and exercise powers specified in the Government of Union Territories Act, 1963. Delhi has a Metropolitan Council and an Executive Council which functions according to the provisions of Delhi Administration Act, 1966. The other Territories, namely, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Chandigarh, Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Lakshdweep have no legislatures. An account of the Educational facilities and activities during the year in respect of each of the Union Territories is given in this chapter.
A. ANDAMAN AND NICOBAR ISLANDS
Educational facilities There are 222 educational institutions in the territory comprising one Government Degree College, one Teachers Training Institute, 9 Higher Secondary Schools, 9 High Schools, 35 Senior Basic schools, 153 Junior Basic Schools and 14 pre-primary Schools. The total number of teachers is 1637. School education in these Islands is tuition fee upto Higher Secondary stage. Free travel concessions are given to students in middle and higher secondary stages who reside at a distance of more than four kilometers. Books are supplied free to those school students the income of whose parents is less than Rs. 4000 per annum. Free uniforms are provided to students whose parents' income is less than Rs. 2500/- per annum. All Scheduled Tribe students are provided free stationery. Stipends are given to hostellers @ Rs. 50/- p.m. in addition to a sum of Rs. 20/- to each tribal boarder. Mid-day meals are supplied upto class VIIIth at 20 paise per head per working day. Post Higher Secondary Scholarships for higher education on mainland are given for those subjects for which facilities are not available in the Government College. The teachers in the Government Degree College, Port Blair have been given the UGC scales of pay from 1st January 1973. Arrangements for reservations of seats in various Institutions are also made by the Administration. New pattern of education has been introduced in the Islands.
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Girls education Girls education is quite popular in these Islands. The boy girl ratio is almost equal at all stages. There are more than 601 women teachers and more than 13498 girls students.
Teachers' Training There is one Teachers' Training Institute at Port Blair which provides two years instruction at the undergraduate level to train primary school teachers.
Co-curricular activities Schemes of Scouts & Guides and NCC/NSS were further extended. Qualified physical education teachers man all schools.
Student amenities Book-banks functioned in the schools. Essential commodities were made available on wholesale prices to hostellers through Fair Price, Shops and Consumers' Co-operative Stores. Exercise Books were distributed to students.
Non-formal education Facilities for Non-Formal Education exist in more than 20 centres. Facilities for vocational guidance and career counselling were also made available to youth.
B. ARUNACHAL PRADESH
School Education There has been a further expansion of education at all levels in the Territory. The total population of students during the current year is 55291. The number of various educational institutions is as follows :
Schools No. of
Schools
Pre-primary 21
Primary 768
Middle 97
Secondary 22
Higher Secondary 7
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Besides, the Administration has given grants-in-aid to 3 institutions run by the Ramakrishna Mission at Along, Deomali & Khonsa. There are institutions for imparting necessary training in NCC and Rural sports, vocational Programmes, Mid-day meals, Physical education, Scouts and Guides and Science Education programmes.
Higher Education Apart from JN College, Pasighat which imparts College education upto 1st Degree standard, students were sent to institutions of Higher learning in other states.
Teacher Training The Teacher Training Institute at Changlang imparts training for Primary/Middle School teachers. The training for teachers in courses like B.Ed., B.T., short-term English courses and Science courses was arranged at various centres in the country outside the Territory.
Student amenities Text-books, stationery items, clothing, guide hooks, reference books, work books were supplied to the students of primary, middle and higher secondary schools.
Female Education The programme of Female education also received due attention. Residential meritorious and keen girls were deputed for higher Education to Vanasthali Vidyapeeth of Rajasthan.
C. CHANDIGARH
School Education The enrolment of Government schools at various stages of Education during 1977-78 was as under :-
Stage 1977-78
(1) (2)
Primary 20531
Middle 9578
Secondary 4493
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There are in all 83 Educational Institutions in the UT as per details given below:
Institutions Govt. Aided Total
(1) (2) (3) (4)
Schools 68 5 73
Special Institute 1 - 1
Colleges 4 5 9
The teacher-pupil ratio in Schools of UT is 1 : 35. The UT has achieved non-graded system in Educational field upto 5th. class during 1977-78.
The UT Administration proposes to achieve 100% universalization of Education in the age group 6-11 years by 1980.
The Administration has adopted the new system of Education initially upto 10+ stage and deferred implementing +2 stage to the neighbouring states of Haryana & Punjab implement it. A sum of Rs. 1 lakh has been sanctioned for work experience at secondary stage during 1977-78.
Attendance Scholarships and free stationery and books have been provided to the children of weaker sections of Society.
Mid-day meals were also provided to School children, during the year. Adequate facilities for College Education, sports and youth welfare activities were also made available.
Adequate funds were provided to run book banks in all colleges and Secondary Schools. Stores on co-operative basis functioned in colleges to enable students to get stationery and other things at cheap rates.
D. DELHI There has been a further expansion of School Education in Delhi to cater to the needs of increasing population. During 1977-78, 16 Higher Secondary Schools and 6 middle schools were opened. The percentage of enrolment has considerably risen at all stages of School Education. The number of institutions in the UT are as under:-
Primary Schools 1623
Middle Schools 369
Secondary Schools 198
Senior Secondary Schools 418
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Facilities for education through correspondence course for persons who cannot attend regular schools were also made available to 3400 students. Besides 12 evening schools were set up during the year which had 6000 students on their rolls.
Administration ran 15 colleges during the year.
Free transport facilities were also provided to 2700 girl students in rural areas to enable them to travel to the nearest schools.
4 Middle/Higher Secondary Schools were opened during the year to provide facility of teaching through Urdu medium. Besides, this facility was extended in 8 more schools. A Bengali medium school was also started during the year.
418 schools were upgraded to provide class XII under the new pattern of Education. 17 of them had vocational courses.
With a view to bringing qualitative improvement in teaching of Science and Non-science subjects seminars/workshops of teachers were organised, to orient them in new contents of courses and methodology in teaching under new pattern of education.
A Text-book Bureau functioned satisfactorily in the field of publication and distribution of text-books upto middle classes, preparation of list of approved books of libraries and for distri- bution of papers to private publishers for publication of text books and exercise books at confessional rate.
Incentives in the form of scholarships and annual grants were also given to school players to encourage better performances in National & International sports.
Free supply of books, scholarships worth Rs. 32 lakh and Rs. 6 lakh for purchase of uniforms were, provided to students belonging to poor, backward and weaker sections of Society.
E. DADRA & NAGAR HAVELI
School Education There are 4 pre-primary Schools, 157 primary schools and 4 high schools and 1 higher secondary school providing education
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in Arts, Science and Commerce disciplines. The number of students in these institutions during 1977-78 was as follows:
No. of students
Schools
Boys Girls Total
(1) (2) (3) (4)
Pre-primary 79 78 157
Primary 6622 3428 10050
High 511 301 817
Higher Secondary 32 15 47
The teacher-pupil ratio is 1 teacher for 30 students.
Education in all the schools upto Higher Secondary is free. Free-midday meals are supplied to pupils in all Government primary schools including pre-primary schools. The facility of free supply of textbooks notes, slates etc. to the pupils of primary and secondary schools was extended to the SC/ST and economically backward class students in Government schools. Free clothes and medical treatment is given to pupils of Government schools. Hostels are available to SC/ST students. There are 9 Social Welfare hostels (7 for boys and 2 for girls) including 1 ashram type school run by the Administration where inmates are provided with free boarding and lodging. There are 2 public libraries. The facilities for technical and vocational subjects in element of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering,/workshop technology, typewriting, tailoring and drawing have been provided in all the secondary schools.
A Higher secondary school at Silvassa prepares teachers for new syllabus and trains them in subjects taught in Higher Secondary Schools. For higher studies the Administration awards Post metric scholarship to the SC/ST students as well as to the lower income group students. National loan scholarship scheme has also been started.
The Industrial Training Institute at Silvassa offers training in wiremen, welders, electricians and fitter courses.
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Physical Education and Similar Programmes Physical education is provided in all primary and secondary schools. A multipurpose stadium has been provided by the Ad- ministration during 1977-78, to organize Sports meets.
Adult Literacy Programme The Administration has decided to start 4 centres of nonformal education for the persons of age group of 15-25 years.
F. LAKSHADWEEP
School Education The number of educational institutions in Lakshadweep is 42, comprising one Junior College, one higher secondary School, 7 high schools, 6 senior basic schools, 18 junior basic schools and 9 Nursery schools, with more than 11540 students on rolls.
Special facilities for education of girls Three Senior Basic Schools and one Junior Basic school are functioning exclusively for girls. A separate girls' section for high school classes is functioning in the High Schools at Kalpeni. Two girls hostels are run by the Administration at Kavaratti for College and Higher Secondary school students. Free board and lodging are provided in these hostels.
Facilities for science teaching General science starts as a compulsory subject in all schools with a special emphasis in teaching Chemistry, Physics and Biology. The science teachers in primary and secondary schools were given in service courses during the year.
Vocational Education Typewriting is taught in High Schools. Fisheries technology is taught in High Schools, besides facilities for teaching papier much craft and clay modelling were available in four High. Schools.
Scholarship and grants The scheme for granting scholarships to students in High/ Higher Secondary and College classes was continued. Education is free at all stages in the Territory. Seats are reserved for students desiring to take up higher studies in both academic and
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technical courses in institutions on the mainland. The students studying in island other than their native one are provided with free boarding and lodging facilities in Government hostels. In the case of students studying in institutions on the mainland, all expenses towards tuition fee and board and lodging expenses are met by the Administration. Scholarships are given to students in case hostel facilities are not available.
Facilities for Teachers' Training Candidates are sent for teachers' training in institutions on the mainland.
Sports & NCC Senior division and Junior division NCC Units are functioning in the Junior Colleges and five high Schools respectively in the Territory. Facilities for sports in all schools were provided. Inter-island Sports and Games Tournaments were organised. Inter- Junior Basic Schools Sports and Art Festivals were also organised.
Social Education programmes Social education centres and reading rooms-cum-library are functioning in all the Islands of the Territory., Besides, there is a central library at Kavaratti. Adult Literacy programme, women welfare activities and other programmes connected with health and hygiene among women and children were also organised. Mahilla-Samajams also functions in all the Islands.
Students amenities Text-books, writing material, mid-day meals were supplied to schools children.
G. MIZORAM
School Education The Directorate of Education provided educational facilities in such a way that school-going children could go to school within a walking distance of 1-2 kilometres. There were 442 lower primary schools which catered to needs of these children. There was substantial increase in enrolment at this stage of education.
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Education at middle stage is provided in more than 224 Government and Government aided private middle schools. Besides, 10 Government High Schools the Administration gave grants-in-aid to 98 non- Government High Schools under private management.
College Education There are five colleges in Mizoram. The non-Government colleges were given substantial recurring and nonrecurring grants to enable them to function effectively. All the colleges are affiliated to the North-Eastern Hill University.
Adult Education The Administration gave financial assistance to voluntary or- ganisations running more than 85 literacy centres during the year.
Teaches' Training A Mizoram. Institute of Education with an annual intake of 50 Graduate teachers from various high schools has been running successfully. Training for science teachers was also provided. Two elementary school teachers training centres at Aizawl and Lunglei with a total annual intake of 240 teachers from Primary and Middle schools also functioned effectively. A new scheme for training untrained school teachers has also been approved to equip the schools with trained teachers.
Propagation of Hindi There is a Hindi Teacher Training Institute at Aizawl. It produced a good number of Hindi teachers for Middle and High Schools.
Science Education, The UNICEF assisted Pilot Project provided the much needed enrichment of the school curriculum in Science as also expert guidance from the Science Proration Wing of the Directorate of Education.
Scholarships Two scholarships are awarded to cadets belonging to the Territory admitted to the Rashtriya Indian Military College, Dehra
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Dun for a period of six years or till the completion of their course, whichever is earlier. Provision for award of lump-gants to students of Mizoram for text-books, stationery and other incidental expenditure has also been made in the relevant Rules. Rules for Mizoram Merit Scholarships for Post-Matric Education have also been approved to be effective from the academic year 1978-79. The scholarship will be given for Post-Matric education within India only and will be tenable for pursuing recognised courses, in recognised institutions only. The scholarship will cover maintenance charges, fee, enrolment, registration, tuition, games, library magazines, medical examination and other fees compulsorily payable by the scholar to the institutions and_or university. The number of Scholarships to be awarded under the scheme is 65 and will cover courses in arts, commerce, science, technical and professional courses at pre-university, degree and post- graduate levels.
Physical education and allied programmes Activities relating to Scouts & Guides, Youth Welfare and Physical Education were substantially geared up. Football and Hockey teams from High Schools and colleges participated in various tournaments and competitions outside the Territory. A Mizoram State Sports Council also functioned smoothly under the Chairmanship of Education Minister.
Technical Training The Industrial Training Institute at Aizawl provides facilities for learning trades like welding, fitting, wiremanship mechanics, electricians etc.
Student amenities Book banks functioned in almost all the Primary, Middle and High School and Colleges.
H. PONDICHERRY
School Education The facilities for education at all levels were further expanded during the year. 1 pre-primary school was opened. The enrolment figures at the pre-primary and middle stages improved considerably. To achieve 100% enrolment, some incentive schemes viz. mid-day meals for poor children of classes upto V standard,
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free supply of stationery articles etc. were continued. As regard secondary education 6 additional classes and one next higher standard were opened. Science clubs functioned in 32 schools during the year.
College & Professional Education The educational facilities in existing colleges and Polytechnics were expanded by providing staff, laboratory materials & library books. There were 3763 students on the rolls of colleges.
To improve the professional competence of teachers refresher/ re- orientation courses were conducted. Besides 200 Graduate teachers in English & Social Sciences were deputed under the correspondence-cum- contact course organised by Regional College of Education, Mysore.
The UGC scales of pay have been sanctioned during 1977-78 for the teachers working in colleges.
Scholarships 175 scholarships were provided to students in secondary schools under Merit-cum-means scholarships scheme. 250 Merit prizes of Rs. 10/- each were also awarded. The scheme of student aid is also implemented in colleges.
New Pattern of education A committee was constituted to decide the policy on the in- troduction of 10+2+3 pattern of education in Pondicherry and Karaikal of the UT. The new system will be implemented in 9 high schools and 2 women's colleges.
Public libraries were strengthened by adding new books. Four new branches were opened in rural areas.
Student amenities Book banks were opened in all Government middle schools, middle sections of high schools, colleges and polytechnics. Student cooperative stores were opened in 6 colleges and students hostels were covered under this scheme. Exercise books were easily available to students through consumer cooperative stores at controlled rates.
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1. GOA, DAMAN & DIU During the year the enrolment in primary, middle, Higher Secondary & College stages of education was as follows:-
Stage Enrolment
Primary 1,43,046
Middle 50,126
Higher Secondary 24,126
(including Secondary)
To achieve the universalization, of education at elementary stage, facilities for free education in all government institutions, like mid-day meals/school feeding programmes to children in the age group 6-11 years, book grants, supply. of school uniforms to needy and deserving students upto middle stage were also given during the year under report. The percentage of trained primary school teachers, was 73.2. 16 institutions switched over to new pattern of education covering 4707 students.
College Education There are 21 Arts, Science & Commerce colleges in the territory, in addition to one Post-graduate centre. The enrolment in these colleges was 5715. Professional colleges provided facilities for professional education in Medicines, Pharmaceuticals, law, Engineering, Polytechnic, Fine arts and Teachers' Training in the UT.
Book banks functioned for the benefit of students.
Essential commodities at confessional rates were supplied to student hostels. Stationery and exercise books were also provided at controlled prices to students.
Two programmes viz. Farmers' functional literacy project and non-formal education for the age group of 15-25 years were implemented.
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