CHAPTER XIII EDUCATION IN THE UNION TERRITORIES
13.01. The Government of India is closely concerned with education in the Union Territories. The Territories of Goa, Daman and Diu, Himachal Pradesh, Manipur, Pondicherry, and Tripura have their own legislatures and exercise powers specified in the Government of Union Territories Act, 1963. Delhi has a Metropolitan Council which functions under Delhi Administration Act, 1966. The other Union Territories have no legislatures. A brief report on the progress of education during 1968-69 in the Union Territories is given in the paragraphs that follow.
A. ANDAMAN AND NICOBAR ISLANDS 13.02. The Union Territory of Andaman and Nicobar Islands has two pre-primary schools, 113 junior basic schools, 4 primary schools, 12 senior basic schools, 6 higher secondary schools, of which one has been converted into multipurpose higher secondary school, and one central school. During 1967 one degree college was established and affiliated to the Punjab University. There is one Junior Basic Teachers' Training School, also in this Territory.
There is one girls' higher secondary school with hostel faci- lities for rural scholars, while all other institutions are co- educational. Resident rural girl students are awarded stipends. Higher secondary passed local girls are preferred in regard to employment in the Islands. The tribal areas have 23 junior basic/lower primary schools. In order to provide facilities in all the Islands, a primary school. has been opened even where 10 students need such facilities. One higher primary school was
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up-graded to higher secondary school with separate, hostel facilities for boys and girls coming from tribal areas. The tribal students are supplied with free books and are awarded stipends towards boarding charges. The higher secondary passed tribal students are appointed as teachers in primary schools.
11 additional social education centres and 8 adult literacy centres exclusively for women were opened during the year. The centres are supplied with free stationery. The literacy percentage has gone up by 10 per cent. Six information centres; and a few Hindi libraries have also been started in the Islands.
The expenditure on general education for 1968-69 is estimated at Rs. 12,73,000 for Plan schemes and Rs. 25,75,000 for non-Plan items. In 1969-70 the expenditure is expected to rise to Rs. 14,00,000 on Plan schemes and Rs. 27,00,000 on non-Plan items.
B. CHANDIGARH 13.03. The Union Territory of Chandigarh. has three pre- primary, 33 lower primary/junior basic schools, 19 higher primary/senior basic schools, 16 high/higher secondary schools. The enrolment for 1968-69 was:
Lower Primary Stage 16,303
Higher Primary Stage 10,413
Secondary Stage 6,216
College Stage 12,675
Education is free up to VIII standard. Scheduled castes, scheduled tribes and other economically backward classes students are given full fee concession and refund of the examination fee. Scholarships are awarded under a number of schemes and during the year about 1,552 students are likely to be awarded scholarships.
There are Ample facilities for teacher training in the Territory. The Punjab University runs M.Ed, classes' and conducts
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physical education training courses. There is one Government Basic Training College where the present enrolment is 345 while the Junior Basic Training School admitted about 290 students (all girls). The Institute of English located at Chandigarh provides training facilities for about 150 teachers including teachers of training colleges drawn from Punjab, Haryana and Chandigarh. The State Institute of Education, apart from other activities, has been organising in-service courses for block education officers.
It is proposed to add 20 more classrooms at a cost of Rs. 4.21 lakh in four schools. A museum on Evolution of Life is also proposed to be started at an estimated cost of Rs. 6.75 lakh.
The likely expenditure on general education during 196869 is estimated to be about Rs. 8.65 lakh on Plan schemes and Rs. 86.00 lakh on non-Plan items. In 1969-70 the expenditure is expected to be Rs. 9.00 lakh for Plan schemes and Rs. 95.735 on non-Plan items.
C. DADRA AND NAGAR HAVELI 13.04. The Union Territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli has 3 pre- primary schools, 76 lower primary/junior basic schools, 20 higher- primary/senior basic schools, and 4 high schools. Of these, 20 Government primary/junior basic schools, one Government pre-primary, school and one Government high school were opened during the year. The enrolment for 1968-69 was:
Primary Stage 2,883
Middle Stage 3,445
Secondary Stage 564
All Government primary and secondary schools are coeducational.
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Education is free at all stages of school education. The Administration is supplying textbooks and writing materials free of cost to all the pupils belonging to the scheduled castes, scheduled tribes and economically backward pupils. The poor adivasi pupils are supplied with free clothes. Free mid-day meals are served in the primary schools. The Administration is running one, adivasi hostel at Silvassa, where pupils from the interior belonging to scheduled castes, scheduled tribes and other economically backward classes, are admitted from standard V onwards. Similarly, an adivasi hostel for girls is run at Khanvel with 17 girl inmates from standard I onwards.
There are 24 adult literacy centres. They are supplied with necessary materials free of cost by the Administration.
The expenditure on general education for 1968-69 is estimated at Rs. 4,19,000 for Plan schemes and Rs. 6,69,300 on non-Plan items. In 1969-70 the expenditure, is expected to be Rs. 5,00,000 for Plan schemes and Rs. 7,08,500 on non-plan items.
D. DELHI 13.05. At the beginning of the year, Delhi had 33 pre-primary schools, 902 lower primary schools, 413 higher primary schools and 429 higher secondary schools. 16 new higher secondary schools (13 Government and 3 aided) were opened during the year thus raising the total number of higher secondary schools to 445. The total enrolment during, 1968-69 was as tinder:
Primary Stage 4,06,014
Middle Stage 1,91,458
Secondary Stage 1,30,608
Six new Government Girls Higher Secondary Schools Were opened this year. Special incentive schemes included stipends to women teacher-trainees and free transport for girl students in rural areas.
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School laboratories were strengthened with necessary equipment to provide for effective science teaching. Besides, a number of field advisers in physics, chemistry and biology were provided to give on- the-spot guidance to science teachers. Under a Unesco-assisted project, science as an individual discipline was introduced in class VI in all he higher secondary schools during the year after successful experimentation for 4 years in 13 experimental schools. Teaching of science subjects through television was continued. To meet the shortage of science teachers, postgraduate courses in science were continued, in collaboration with the University of Delhi. Remedial teaching was provided free of charge to the weak students by the Department of Education of the Administration during vacation in an effort to, minimise wastage and- stagnation in schools.
Education in Delhi is free up to class VIII. Scholarships of the value of Rs. 50 per annum. and Rs. 100 per annum are awarded to the students of classes VI-VIII and IX-XI respectively. A number of scholarships 'are provided under other schemes like Charitable Scholarships, Destitute Scholarships. Scholarships' for Wards of Political Sufferers, Scholarships in Industrial, Schools, besides the Government of India scholarships. Cash grants for scheduled caste students of the recognised schools are being extended to the students whose parents' income is less than Rs. 2,400 per annum.
Adult literacy programme was carried out effectively in the Union Territory of Delhi in the past years. 8,400 illiterate adults were made literate during 1967-68. The corresponding likely figure for the year is 3,000.
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Nine new school buildings Were completed during this period. Five, stiff quarters and 27 school buildings are under construction.
Higher education in the Territory is looked after by the University of Delhi and its affiliated colleges. An account of the activities of Delhi University has been given in Chapter III on Higher Education. The colleges receive financial support from the University Grants Commission. During: the period April-November, 1968, maintenance grants to the non-government constituent/affiliated colleges of the Delhi University amounted to Rs. 110.02 lakh. A new women's college, viz., Jesus and Mary College was started as an affiliated institution of the Delhi University and four more colleges were brought under the category of extended colleges enabling each of them to raise their student enrolment to 1,500 as against 1,000 in other colleges. Proposals of 12 colleges for starting additional courses of study in certain disciplines were accepted by the Commission.
The expenditure on general education during the year 1968-69 is estimated at Rs. 165.65 lakh (Plan) and Rs. 927.22 lakh (non-Plan). In 1969-70 the expenditure is expected to be Rs. 248 lakh on the Plan side and Rs. 1109.07 lakh on the non-Plan side.
E. GOA, DAMAN AND DIU 13.06. During 1968-69 the number of Government primary schools has risen from 844 to 861. The total number of higher primary schools was 225 while that of high schools including one Government multipurpose high school is 167. Besides, there is one Government higher secondary school. There are five arts and science colleges including one run by Government. In addition, there is one commerce college. There is also a university postgraduate centre. There are two primary teachers' training institutions, including one run by the Government and a college offering B.Ed. and diploma in education
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courses. The latter course is also offered by another institute. The enrolment at various stages during the year have been:
Lower Primary Stage 94,429
Higher Primary Stage 37,428
Secondary Stage 22,871
College Stage 4,075
Government is laying stress on the development of science education in schools. While science equipment is being provided to almost all the Government primary schools, grants on 100 per cent basis are being paid to the non-Government high schools for the purchase of necessary laboratory equipment.
Education is free up to VIII standard. The Government is giving a limited number of economically backward classes scholarships to primary and secondary students. The scheduled castes and scheduled tribes students get free education.
The intensive programme of audit education undertaken during the previous year has been continued and is gathering momentum. To improve attendance at the primary level, the mid-day meals scheme introduced a few years ago is being continued in backward and rural areas. The Government of India approved during the year 1968-69 the establishment of a Kala Akademi and a Council of Sports in the Territory.
The expenditure on general education for the year 1968-69 is estimated at Rs. 90.59 lakh for Plan schemes and Rs. 185.95 lakh for non-Plan items (excluding capital expenditure). For the, next year the expenditure is expected to be Rs. 63.34 lakh for Plan schemes and Rs. 244.34 lakh for non-Plan items excluding capital expenditure.
F. HIMACHAL PRADESH 13.07. This Union Territory has 13 pre-primary schools, 3649 lower primary schools, 631 higher primary schools, 254 high schools, 74 higher secondary schools, 10 degree colleges,
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evening classes in 3 colleges, 8 teacher training schools, 3 colleges of education, 4 Sanskrit institutions, 1 junior technical school, 1 college of arts, 3 pre-vocational centres, 1 regional coaching centre, 1 Vijnan Mandir, 1 museum, and 1 mountaineering institute. Of these, the following were opened during 1968-69:
Primary schools 98
Middle schools 75
High schools 27
Degree college 1
Evening classes in 1 college
The enrolment figures for the year 1968-69 are:
Primary stage 4,00,000
Middle stage 1,21,000
Secondary stage 51,000
College stage 8,711
Incentives are provided for the promotion of girls' education. These include: (i) free education for girls up to middle stage; (ii) freeships in high/higher secondary classes; (iii) attendance scholarships in classes I-XI; (i) appointment of school-mothers to look after young girls in coeducational institutions; (v) village allowance @ Rs. 15 p.m. to lady teachers for work in rural areas; (vi) provision of free textbooks to poor and deserving girl students; (vii) award of pre-selection scholarships at Rs. 15 p.m. in classes VIII-XI; (viii) supply of cloth for school uniforms for poor and deserving girl students; and (ix) maintenance stipends to poor and deserving girl students in middle classes residing in hostels at Rs. 30 p.m.
There is a scheme for the award of scholarships for the study of science in high/higher secondary schools at Rs. 25 p.m. Textbooks and writing materials are supplied free. Midday meals are provided to students in tribal areas. Besides, 4
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free hostels are run in the border areas of Lahaul and Spiti.
General science is a compulsory subject in lower primary and higher primary classes. In classes IX and X also, general science forms 'part of the curriculum and has to be studied by all students. Science is also taught as an elective subject for matriculation as also for higher secondary examination in almost all high/higher secondary schools. In the hill areas of Punjab merged with Himachal Pradesh, elective science is not offered in some secondary schools. Facilities for elective science in some of these schools will be extended during the Fourth Plan, period.
G. LACCADIVES, MINICOY AND AMINDIVI ISLANDS 13.08. This Union Territory has 6 pre-primary schools, 18 lower primary schools, 10 higher primary schools, three high schools and one higher secondary school. The enrolment during 1968-69 was as follows:
Pre-primary (nursery) 460
Lower primary stage (I-V) 4,675
Higher primary stage (VI-VIII) 909
Secondary stage (IX-XI) 340
Of the 6,384 students on the rolls, 2,400 are girls. Four senior Basic schools and four junior Basic schools are functioning exclusively for girls. There are separate girls sections in the hostels at Amini and Kavaratti. Girl students are supplied with uniforms and those studying on the mainland high schools are paid scholarships at the rate of Rs. 50 p.m. and an annual lump-sum grant of Rs. 50.
Education is free at all stages. Facilities for education up to higher secondary stage alone are at present available, in the Territory. All the students undergoing higher education on the
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mainland are given scholarships. Textbooks and writing materials are supplied free of cost to all students of the island schools. Two sets of school uniforms are also supplied to all high school boys. Free mid-day meals are given to all school children in nursery, junior Basic and senior Basic schools.
Adult education classes were conducted in the islands under the social education pilot project scheme to eradicate illiteracy. This scheme envisaged women welfare programme, youth welfare programme, and training in health habits. Reading room-cum-libraries have been established in all islands. Dailies, periodicals and books are supplied to the libraries free of cost.
The expenditure on general education for 1968-69 is estimated at Rs. 5:00 lakh for Plan schemes and Rs. 12:88 lakh for non-Plan items. In 1969-70 the expenditure is expected to be Rs. 5.00 lakh for Plan schemes and Rs. 13.06 lakh on non-Plan items.
H. MANIPUR 13.09. During the year, the Territory had 2117 primary schools, 305 middle schools and 122 secondary schools. The enrolment during the year are estimated to be the following:
Primary stage 1,56,000
Middle stage 41,000
Secondary stage 40,000
Of the schools, 291 primary, 20 middle and 18 secondary are exclusively for girls. Special programmes for the promotion of girls' education were continued in the form of merit scholarships, attendance scholarships etc. Education is free up to class VIII both for boys and girls. It has been made free for girls up to the end of secondary education with effect from the year under report.
The four Basic training institutes continued to train 600 primary school teachers; the Basic Training College 100 middle