CHAPTER XI EDUCATION IN UNION TERRITORIES
The Government of India bear a special responsibility for education in the Union Territories. The Territories of Goa, Daman & Diu, Pondicherry and Mizoram have their own legisltures and exercise powers specified in the Government of Union Territories Act, 1963. Delhi has a Metropolitan Council and an Executive Council which function according to the Provision of the Delhi Administration Act, 1966. The other territories namely Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Chandigarh, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, L.M. & A. Islands and Arunachal Pradesh have no legislatures. An account of the educational facilities and related debits in respect of each of the above Union Territories is given in the paragraphs that follow.
ANDAMAN & NICOBAR ADMINISTRATION
Education FacilitiesThere are 189 educational institutions in the Territory, com- prising 1 Government Degree College, 1 Teachers' Training College, 15 Higher Secondary Schools, 25 Senior Basic, 143 Junior Basic and 4 Primary Schools with a total enrolment of 23,578. The total number of teachers is 1,128, of which 365 are women. Education up to the Higher Secondary stage is free. Free Midday meals are given to all students up to VIIIth Class. Free Book grant is given to the students whose parents' income is less, than Rs. 2,500, per annum at all stages. Stipends are given to students residing in hostels, @ 50/- p.m. to meet expenses on mess etc. in Senior/Higher Secondary stages. Free travel concession by bus and ferry services is given to the pupils. Scholarships for post-Higher Secondary Education are given to local students studying on, the mainland for courses for which facilities are not available, in the islands.
Science TeachingOut of 15 Higher Secondary Schools, facilities for teaching of elective science are available in 6 Higher Secondary Schools. Well- equipped science laboratories exist in these schools. seminars and Workshops in Science are organised. 644 students are studying science subjects at the Higher Secondary stage.
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Teachers' TrainingThere is only one Junior Basic Teachers, Training School at Port Blair. Duration of course is two years for freshers, and one year for trainees. The intake capacity of the Teachers' Training School has been raised to 100 as against 50 during 1969-70. The backlog of untrained teachers has been cleared.
Special Facilities for Scheduled Tribes There are no Scheduled Castes in this Territory except Scheduled Tribes. A total of 55 tribal students residing in hostels were given stipends of Rs. 40/- p.m. to meet mess expenses etc. 3 Tribal students have been pursuing their studies in the Government College. Rs. 50/- were given to each tribal hostel student in the College.
Adult Literacy Adult literacy centres are functioning in community Development Blocks. 33 centres were functioning with an enrolment of 450. Technical guidance is given by the Education Department.
ARUNACHAL PRADESH
Elementary Education Full attention was given to consolidate the activities of the Department particularly in Elementary Education. Expansion of Elementary Education, like opening of new Primary Schools, has been taken up. Adequate arrangements have been made to bring at least 80 per cent of the children in the age group 6 to 14 years to school. Provision of additional Teachers for the Elementary Institutions and supply of textbooks according to the changed media viz. English/Hindi and syllabus prescribed by the Central Board of Secondary Education were the major activities attended to by the Department on a priority basis.
Secondary and University Education A scheme for vocationalisation of education at the Secondary stage has been initiated with a view to helping those students who would like to pursue a vocation after schooling. Under this scheme, students would pursue a course leading to a diploma in any vocation out of the three selected ones, namely, agriculture, carpentry and commerce and at. the same time would be able
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to pursue the usual academic, course prescribed for the Board's examination.
In the University Sector, Science course has been introduced with effect from 1973 Session in the existing College at Pasighat which had provision for teaching only the Arts subjects so far. First Year Pre- University Science class was started as permissible under the University rules.
Facilities for Scheduled TribesScholarships and stipends were granted to Scheduled Tribal students inside and outside. Arunachal Pradesh. An amount of Rs. 7.50 lakhs would be spent on this scheme. In addition to this Rs. 13.00 lakhs is expected to be spent for providing hostel facilities for the children belonging to the Scheduled Tribes.
CHANDIGARH The Union Territory of Chandigarh continued to make rapid progress in the field of Education during the period under report.
Enrolment
The increase in enrolment at the various stages as compared to the previous year, is as under:
Increase
Stage 1972-73 1973-74 during
1973-74
(a) Classes I to V 30500 32100 1000
(b) Classes VI to VIII 13100 13600 500
(c) Classes IX to XI 7106 7400 300
(d) Higher Education 16400 17700 1300
One new primary school was started and was upgraded to the Middle standard. Double shift was introduced in one school. To cope with the increase in enrolment additional posts were created.
Besides, 52 posts were sanctioned under the Half-a-Million Jobs Programme. Also 4 posts of lecturers were created at the college stage.
Improvement of Other Facilities (i) New Telephone connections have been sanctioned for two high schools And furniture for nearly 1,000, additional children has been provided.
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(ii) On the re-organisation of Punjab State, the children in the Union Territory were deprived of the facility of AudioVisual unit. A cell has been created in Government College of Education.
(iii) The Milk Feeding Programme, started during 1970-71 in co- ordination with C.A.R.E. authorities, is now covering about 12,000 students at the primary stage in Chandigarh proper and some rural areas.
(iv) Sports facilities at various, coaching Centres are being improved.
College Education In order to relieve principles of two Government Art Colleges from routine duties and to enable them to devote their utmost to the academic side, two posts of Registrars have been created.
Educational Survey One post of State Survey Officer has been sanctioned to conduct the Third Educational Survey of the Union Territory of Chandigarh. He has been provided with necessary staff also to assist him.
Adult Literacy In order to relieve principals of two Government Aft Colleges an Adult Education Centre was started in the Industrial Area Labour colony. It is functioning properly.
DADRA & NAGAR HAVELI
Educational Facilities There are 157 primary schools, 4 pre-primary schools and 4 secondary schools, with co-education at all levels of schools education. Of these, seven primary schools were opened during the current year; Besides, one English medium High school was started under Silvassa High School. Post-matric scholar- ships are regularly granted to students who receive higher education outside the Territory. Pre-matric scholarships are also ships are regularly granted to students who receive higher education outside the Territory. Pre-matric scholarships are also granted. Education is provided free up to S.S.C. standard for student of backward c;asses in a;; schools. Free midday meals are supplied in all primary and pre- primary schools. Textbooks, notebooks, slates etc. are supplied free to pupils of Scheduled Castes/Tribes and economically backward classes in Government
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schools. Also, clothes are supplied free to aforesaid categories of pupils of primary schools. Free medical treatment is also provided to poor and needy pupils of primary and secondary schools after the annual inspection.
Hostel FacilitiesThere are 8 Government Social Welfare Hostels including one Ashram type school at Rakholi and a girls' hostel at Khanvel Where S.C./S.T. and economically backward students of schools are provided free board and lodging. There are 493 inmates in these hostels, including 25 girls.
LibrariesThere are two public libraries at Silvassa and Naroli. Besides, there is a National Library. AR Central primary schools have school libraries.
Ideal SchoolsThirty Government Primary Schools are Ideal Schools where all toilet items are provided free for daily cleanliness of the pupils.
Basic & Physical Education 27 primary schools impart basic education, where simple craft is- taught to junior students and spinning and weaving, carpentary and embroidery, and agriculture are taught, to senior students. Physical education is imparted to all students of primary and secondary schools.
Vocationalisation of Education The high schools at Silvassa, Naroli and Dadra are providing vocational education.
General11 Primary schools in the Territory have an applied nutrition programme. Efforts are being made to improve school education both qualitatively and quantitatively.
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DELHI
School Education There has been a marked expansion in school Education durIng the year. Keeping in view the increase in the student population of Delhi, 13 new Higher Secondary Schools, 14 Middle, Schools and 74 Primary Schools have been opened during the year under review. The percentage of enrolment among the residents of the Union Territory of Delhi has also gone up to 94.3% in the age-group of 6-11, 85.6% in the age-group of 11-14 and 164.9% in the age-group of 14-17.
University Education 15 Degree Colleges are functioning under the Delhi Administration and the number of seats in these colleges has been increased to accommodate all the students who are eligible for admission under the rules.
Adult Education10 Evening Higher Secondary Schools with correspondence Courses have been functioning in the Union Territory of Delhi to enable the employed persons to improve their educational qualifications.
Remedial TeachingRemedial teaching is being imparted to the failed students And 30 Study Centres are functioning for the benefit of students who have no facilities for study at their homes. Career Masters have also been appointed to remove the difficulties of the students in schools.
Supply of Free Textbooks to Needy Children Free Textbooks worth Rs. 3.00 lakhs have been supplied to those students whose parents/guardian's income is up to Rs. 300/-p.m. Textbooks have been supplied at cheaper rates also to other students.
Physical EducationFacilities for physical education have been provided not only to the school students but also to the youth in the territory through the Sports Board and the Delhi Sports Council.
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Facilities for N.C.C. training in all the three wings of the Armed Forces have been provide & to the Boys as well as girl students in all the Higher Secondary Schools and Colleges.
N.C.C.
School BuildingsTen new school Buildings have been constructed and a sum of Rs. 1,29,00,000 has been provided for capital expenditure during the year.
Girls' Education5 New Higher Secondary Schools for girls have been opened during the year to enable them to receive education. To give incentive for girls education the girls students are charged half of the prescribed tuition fee. In rural areas the girls are provided free bus conveyance and 1800 girls approximately are taking benefit of these facilities.
Science TeachingFacilities for teaching science to students (both boys and girls) have been provided in 298 Higher Secondary schools. Facilities for teaching science in 716 primary schools have also been provided under the UNESCO programme.
Scholarships There are 26 scholarships schemes which the Delhi Administration have implemented by giving scholarships to all the deserving students during the year.
Teachers Training and WelfareThe Teachers have been given facilities for participating in various training schemes of the Administration on various subjects during the year. Teachers with meritorious services to their credit have been given the State Awards during the year.
GOA, DAMAN AND DIU
Educational FacilitiesEducation in this Union Territory is free up to class VIII. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled, Tribes and children belonging. to economically backward classes are exempted from pay fees for classes IX, X and XI. At the primary level, there are 1,074
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schools with an enrolment of 121,622. At the middle level there are 344 schools with enrolment of 46,958. At the secondary level, there are 209 schools with an enrolment of 33,997.
As regards higher education, two new colleges--one Commerce College and one Law College were started. In an, there are 5 Arts and Science Colleges, one Arts and Commerce College, two Commerce Colleges, one Fine Arts College, one Law College, one Pharmacy College, one Engineering College, one Medical. College and one Teacher Training College. There is also one Post-graduate Centre. Enrolment in Arts and Science Colleges is 4,977 and in professional colleges 2,377. Further, there is one Food Crafts Institute offering courses in cooking, bakery, book-keeping etc. with an enrolment of 77.
Facilities for Teacher Training One Government College has been started with an enrolment of 100. The enrolment in the one-year Diploma course is 40. There is one secondary Teachers' College under private management which offers courses for B.Ed., M.Ed. and Diploma in Education. The enrolment during the year 1973-74 in B.Ed. was 95 and in M.Ed., it was 28.
Special Facilities for Education of GirlsIn order to promote education among girls, it is proposed to give special incentives to girls belonging to poor sections for the purchase of school uniform, slates, books etc. During the year under report, Rs. 0.25 lakhs is proposed to be spent for the benefit of about 1,000 girls.
Facilities for Science Teaching It is planned to appoint subject inspectors for Science and Mathematics in order to guide teachers in the teaching-of these subjects in higher classes.
Scholarships and Other ConcessionsScholarship Schemes viz. National Loan Scholarships and National Scholarships are implemented to help the poor and deserving students. Freeships to low-income group students whose parents income is less than 1,200 per annum, are given up to S.S.C. level. Besides these schemes, there are other schemes also, viz. Merit Scholarships, scholarships to students of high/higher secondary schools studying Sanskrit. In addition to these, special facilities for S.C. and S.T. and other Backward classes
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students viz. freeships, stipends and Post-Matric Scholarships are given.
Adult EducationThis programme was started in the year 1964-65 to increase literacy especially in backward areas and other rural areas. During 1973-74, 190 centres were opened in which about 5,169 adults were enrolled.
LAKSHADWEEP
Educational Facilities In this Union Territory. there are 42 educational institutions, viz. one junior college, one higher secondary school, six high schools, seven senior basic schools, twenty junior basic schools, six nursery schools and one Balwadi, with facilities of education UP to the pre-degree level. A new high school was started at Kavaratti during the year. Among these, three senior basic schools and four junior basic schools are exclusively for girls. Besides there are two girls' hostels, one at Kalpeni and another at Kavaratti where free board and lodging are provided. Fisheries Technology has been introduced this year as a vocational subject in two high schools.
Education is free at all stages in, this Union Territory. General Science is taught as compulsory subject in all schools, with emphasis on chemistry, physics and biology.
ScholarshipsStudents who take up higher courses of study in the different fields are admitted on the mainland, and are paid scholarships/ lumpsum grants etc. by the Administration. There are 97 such students at present. Those staying in Government hostels are eligible for, actual hostel expenses. Textbooks, stationery, uniforms are supplied free of cost to students in the Territory. Free mid-day meals are supplied to students up to the seventh standard.
Facilities for Scheduled Castes/Scheduled Tribes The inhabitants of the Union are Muslims classified as Scheduled Tribes. All facilities provided by the Administration are meant for them only.
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Adult Literacy Adult Education courses are conducted in the islands for the eradication of illiteracy. The scheme envisages women's welfare programme, youth welfare and training in health habits.
PONDICHERRY
Educational Facilities Efforts are being made to, fulfil the constitutional directive of universal primary Education for all children in the age group of 6-11 years. For this purpose 120 new primary schools/ additional classes in the existing primary schools have been opened during 1973-74. 30 additional classes at the middle stage have also been opened during 1973-74. In order to provide institutional care for the children in the age group of 3-5 years, five more Pre-Primary schools have been opened during 1973-74.
Regarding Secondary Education, sixteen new High Schools and 75 additional classes have been started during the Fourth Plan, out of which 10 new High schools and 15 additional classes have been started during 1973-74, vis-a-vis the original target of High schools for 1973-74.
As regards University Education facilities have been expanded with the starting of degree courses at the Mahatma Gandhi Government Arts College which has been upgraded, and more courses at other colleges. There is also a proposal to start a separate Degree College at Yanam.
Girls' Education Special incentives, in the form of various scholarships and prizes, for promoting girls' education were continued during 1973-74. In addition, schemes of free supply of Midday meals, books, slates, bags, etc., also continued to attract a greater number of children to schools. Among the ten High Schools, newly started during 1973-74, two High Schools are exclusively intended for girls.
Promotion of Science Education and Improvement of Standards in
SchoolsAdequate attention is being paid for the promotion of the study of Science and Mathematics, at the school stage with the help of UNICEF grants. During 1973-74 this scheme has been
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extended to 20 Primary and 30 Middle Schools. Laboratory equipment, furniture, library books etc. have been supplied to needy schools for improving the standard of instruction.
Other Educational Programmes Eradication of Adult illiteracy is receiving, due attention and 4 more Adult Literacy Centres have been started during 1973-74. Five more Branch Libraries have been opened during 1973-74 in rural areas. The various Youth Welfare programmes such as. Physical Education schemes, N.C.C., Bharat Scouts and Guides etc. continued during 1973- 74. A Nehru Yuvak Kendra has also been started under the auspices of the Ministry of Education & Social Welfare. The Jawahar Bal Bhavan, Pondicherry, has been, strengthened during 1973-74 by supplying additional equipment and deputing its Unit Supervisor for training under the, Bal Bhavan Society of India, New Delhi.
CENTRAL BOARD OF SECONDARY EDUCATION The Board is making a significant contribution towards raising the standard of education through better methods of evaluation and improved curriculum, syllabi and textbooks and through a scheme of systematic inspection of the schools affiliated to it.
The facility for affiliation to the Board is available to any educational institution situated in or outside India. The total number of Higher Secondary Schools affiliated to the Board stood at 901 on 30-9-73 as against 853 last year. Besides 11 schools situated abroad, all the Kendriya Vidyalayas (Central Schools) set up by the Government of India and located in the different parts of the country, prepare candidates for the All-India Higher Secondary Examination. All the Higher Secondary Schools of Delhi, Andaman & Nicobar Islands and all the High and Higher Secondary Schools of the Union Territory of Chandigarh prepare candidates for the Board's examinations. The Sainik Schools and the Military Schools, located in different states are also affiliated to the Board, besides many well-known public schools and Convent Schools in the country. The Indian Schools in Tehran (Iran), Kuwait, Bahrain (Arabian Gulf) Kathmandu (Nepal) and Kabul (Afghanistan) and the six Government Higher Secondary Schools in Sikkim are also affiliated to the Board.
(Three-year course), the Delhi Higher Secondary (Three-year course), the Higher Secondary Technical (Three-year course) and the Higher Secondary (One-year course) Examinations. In addition, the Board conducted the Matriculation and the Higher Secon-
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dary Parts I and II Examinations for the schools located in the Union Territory of Chandigarh. The total number of candidates who took the Board's examinations during the year under report was 74350 as against 71156 last year.
The Board awards 48, including a few for scheduled castes, merit scholarships to the successful Candidates in its various examinations for pursuing higher studies. All the scholarships are of the value of Rs. 30.00 each per mouth and are tenable for a period of 36 months. In addition to this, the Board also awards medals and merit certificates to the meritorious candidates.
The Board is also exempting the bonafide children of the Defence personnel killed in action during the 1971 Indo-Pak conflict from payment of all examination fees payable to the Board. This concession will be available, for a period of five years w.e.f. 1972-73.
As a part of. its programme of curriculum development and examinations reforms the Board has been helping the teachers of its member schools by organising various orientation programmes and arranging workshops.
The Board is launching a new venture of introducing vocational subjects in its scheme of studies. The course content including the training and practical work under these courses will be such as to equip the students well enough to get a job or to establish themselves as self-employed persons depending upon their choice and circumstances.
Keeping in view the recommendations made by the Government of India in its national policy on education that there should be an uniform pattern of 10+2+3 education, all over the country, the Board has decided to adopt 10+2 pattern of education in its member schools.
The Board also examines students for its examinations through correspondence courses in specified subjects.