 EDUCATION IN THE UNION TERRITORIES

The Government of India is directly responsible for education in Union Territories. There are seven Union Territories at present, viz. Delhi, Himachal Pradesh, Manipur, Tripura, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, L. M. & A. Islands, and Daman, Diu and Goa. Brief notes on the development of education during the year under review in each of these seven Union Territories are given below.

I. DELHI

Education in Delhi up to higher secondary stage is looked after by two different agencies, viz., Delhi Administration and the local bodies (the Corporation and New Delhi Municipal Committee). While elimentary education is the main responsibility of the local bodies, secondary education is looked after mostly by the Delhi Administration. The Delhi Administration is also responsible for the maintenance of standards of school education and it also offers financial assistance to voluntary organisations in the field of secondary education.

The third Five-Year Plan has a total provision of Rs. 1,143 lakh for the over-all educational development of Delhi. During the period under report, expenditure likely to be incurred by the Delhi Administration on education is estimated at Rs. 473.46 lakh which includes a provision of Rs. 114 lakh on Plan schemes. The expenditure likely to be incurred by the local bodies (Delhi Municipal Corporation and New Delhi Municipal Committee) during the year is estimated at Rs. 285 lakh which includes Rs. 40 lakh received by them as grant-in-aid from the Delhi Administration.

For 1962-63 an outlay of Rs. 260.93 lakh has been approved for educational development schemes of the Territory. For normal expenditure, a provision of Rs. 360 lakh has been proposed under the Delhi Administration. The local bodies will be spending Rs. 320 lakh.

At the end of 1960-61, there were 265 higher secondary schools (160 Government, 95 private and 10 local bodies), 205 middle schools including senior Basic schools (49 private and 156 local bodies) and 744 primary and junior Basic schools (54 private and 690 local bodies). To meet the ever-growing demand for additional educational facilities in Delhi, the

Administration opened 22 higher secondary schools (11 for boys and 11 for girls) during the year under report. Of these, 5 were located in rural areas. These new schools provide educational facilities for 8,000 children. In addition, about 180 additional sections were added 2to the existing: government and aided higher secondary schools providing educational facilities for another 7,000 children at the secondary stage. Classes X and XI were also added to the higher secondary schools opened during the last. two years.

The local bodies provided additional educational facilities at the elementary stage and opened 103 primary/junior Basic schools. This resulted in giving 50 per cent increase in educational facilities at primary level. Nearly 500 sections were also added to the existing primary schools. An Enrolment Drive Week was organised, as a result of which there was, an over-all increase of 47,000 children in the primary/junior Basic and middle/senior Basic schools of the Corporation. The Corporation also upgraded 38 junior Basic schools. The New Delhi Municipal Committee opened 5 new primary schools bringing the total number of schools to 55 and making provision for additional 1,500 children in the age-group 6-11.

For the year 1962-63, the Corporation proposes to start 70 new primary/junior Basic schools, add 500 sections to the existing schools, upgrade 25 junior Basic schools and open 4 new middle schools. During 1962-63 the Delhi Administration proposes to open 15 new higher secondary schools, expand the Teachers' Training Institute at Daryaganj, and to add 200 sections to the existing schools. Educational and vocational guidance has been started in 3 government schools already and, in 1962-63, it is proposed to provide guidance service in two more government higher secondary schools.

Due to rapid increase in population and consequent pressure on the available school places, many of the schools had to be organised in tents. Steps are, however, being taken to replace as quickly as possible the tent schools by school buildings. A provision of Rs. 431 lakh has been made for construction of buildings. Attention is also being given to other aspects of education, e.g, adult education, improvement of school libraries, teachers` welfare, staff quarters, examination reform, playground facilities, hostels, provision of buses, sports and gymnasium and scholarships and stipends to deserving students.

II. HIMACHAL PRADESH

In Himachal Pradesh, the control and management of education up to the higher secondary stage is the responsibility of the Territorial Council. The Administration is concerned only with the education at the college level,

recognition and payment of grant-in-aid to privately managed schools, training of teachers, awards of scholarships, planning and development of education, N.C.C. and A.C.C.

The total outlay for the educational development of the Territory in, the third Five-Year Plan is Rs. 202.77 lakh. During the year under report, a provision of Rs. 48.78 lakh was made for the educational development schemes handled by the Administration and the Territorial Council. During the same year, a provision of Rs. 22.68 lakh was made for the normal educational expenditure under the Administration and grants totalling Rs. 114.38 lakh are proposed to be given to the Territorial Council for its normal expenditure on education. For the next year, Rs. 17.42 lakh and Rs. 32.88 lakh are proposed to be made available for development schemes to the Administration and the Territorial Council respectively. A provision of Rs. 19,48,600 is proposed to be made for normal expenditure under the Administration.

2. Education under the Administration.-

During the year under report all the six degree colleges, including one private aided college, have been converted to the three-year degree pattern, and B.Sc. classes have been stated in five Government colleges with effect from the academic session, of 1962. The enrolment in the colleges has increased from 873 to 950. To meet the requirement of trained teachers for secondary schools, the Administration has raised the intake of the Basic Training College from 60 to 100 from the current academic session.

Seminars and refresher courses were organised for the heads of educational 'institutions.

The rules for payment of grants-in-aid to privately managed institutions have been liberalised and the quantum of aid has been increased to 95 per cent of the deficit.

With a view to raising the standard of Basic education in the Territory, a Board of Basic Education as an advisory body was constituted during the year.

Particular attention was given to promoting examination reform, extension services, A.C.C. and N.C.C. programmes, social education, development of library services, audio-visual education, development of Sanskrit pathshalas, education and training of women teachers, production of' literature for children and teachers, acquisition of play-fields and popularisation of sports and games in rural areas. Grants-in-aid were also paid to sports associations and for construction of youth hostels.

The new schemes proposed to be taken up by the Administration during 1962-63 are: introduction of postgraduate classes in Sanskrit and Hindi

in one of the existing colleges, provision of training facilities for science teachers of secondary schools, opening of an arts school and raising of additional junior division troops of N.C.C. for boys and girls and A.C.C. cadets.

3. Education under the Territorial Council.-

The Territorial Council of Himachal Pradesh opened 250 junior Basic schools, 4 primary schools and upgraded 13 primary schools to middle standard and 6 middle schools to higher secondary standard. Three high schools have been converted into higher secondary schools. Steps were also taken to supply science equipment and library books to existing schools and provide teaching facilities in science in girls schools of the territory.

Orientation camps were organised for teachers and 38 teachers were deputed for training outside.

The cadre of inspecting staff was strengthened to improve supervision.

Seventy-two additional merit scholarships were awarded to the students of high and higher secondary schools.

Hostel buildings and residential quarters for lady teachers are being constructed.

100 attendance scholarships will be awarded to girl students in VI to XI classes.

In 1962-63, the Territorial Council proposes to open more than 200 junior Basic and primary schools and upgrade a number of primary and middle schools to middle and higher secondary standard respectively. Three high schools will be converted to the higher secondary pattern.

The Council has also a scheme for the free supply of textbooks to deserving students of classes I to XI, and it proposes to implement it during the next year.

III. MANIPUR

The division of educational responsibility in the Territory between the Administration and the Territorial Council is on the same lines as in Himachal Pradesh.

The Territory has an allocation of Rs. 111.33 lakh for educational development schemes during the third Plan. During the year under report, provision of Rs. 5,47,000 and Rs. 20,49,000 was made for development schemes handled by the Administration and the Territorial Council respectively. The normal expenditure on education under the Administration is estimated at Rs. 14,06,000 and that under the Territorial Council at

Rs. 66,93,500. For the next year provisions of Rs. 5,88,000 and Rs. 24,74,000 have been made for the Plan schemes of the Administration and the Territorial Council respectively. The normal expenditure on education during the next year is estimated at Rs. 20.22 lakh for the Administration and at Rs. 71.42 lakh for the Territorial Council.

2. Education under the Administration.-

During the year under report the Administration has introduced pre-university classes for the first time in the D. M. College' Imphal, with an enrolment of 546. Honours classes in education, commerce, botany and anthropology, were also added. To provide medical facilities to the staff and students of the D. M. College, a dispensary has been established.

Grants to the extent of Rs. 10,000 were given to the private colleges. One senior Basic training college for teachers was started in September, 1961. With a view to producing qualified teachers for the higher secondary schools, 14 graduate teachers were deputed for post-graduate studies and 30 graduate teachers were admitted to the B.T. course at the D.M. College, Imphal. About 320 primary school teachers including 30 women teachers were deputed for Basic training.

Other schemes handled by the Administration related to the improvement of the District Library and the Children's Library-cum- Museum, production of literature for neo-literates, production of textbooks in Manipuri, audio-visual education, promotion of Hindi and Sanskrit, physical education, youth welfare activities and N.C.C. units. Seminars were also organised for the teachers of Hindi and History.

3. Education under the Territorial Council.-

The Territorial Council took over 209 lower primary schools and 69 junior Basic schools. The scheme for the orientation of elementary schools towards the Basic pattern was introduced in 25 lower primary schools.

To encourage the education of the tribal students, pre-matric scholarships were awarded to 861 students at the usual rates. Two hostels are being set up in the hill areas.

During 1962-63, provision has been made for the continuance and expansion of all the development schemes included in the Plan.

IV. TRIPURA

During the year under report, there has been marked progress in the field of education at all levels. The Territory's total outlay for educational development schemes under the third Five-Year Plan is Rs. 230.78 lakh. During the current year, a provision of Rs. 43.40 lakh was made for

development expenditure (Rs. 15.20 lakh for the schemes of the Administration and Rs. 28.20 lakh for the schemes handled by the Territorial Council). The normal expenditure of the Administration on education is estimated at Rs. 42,48,600 and that of the Territorial Council at Rs. 88,11,900. During the next year, a provision of Rs. 57.29 lakh is being made for development schemes (Rs. 22.20 lakh for schemes under the Administration and Rs. 35.09 lakh for schemes under the Territorial Council). The provision for normal expenditure in 1962-63 would be Rs. 42,35,300 million under the Administration and Rs. 1,00,11,000 under the Territorial Council.

2. Education under the Administration.-

During the period under report, the Administration has converted the M.B.B. College, Agartala, to the three-year degree pattern. Financial assistance is also proposed to be given to the privately managed college in this territory to enable it to function properly. In order to increase the output of trained graduate teachers and under-graduate Basic trained teachers, the existing Basic training colleges and the Craft 'Teachers' Training Institute were expanded.

Other development schemes handled by the Administration during the year related to the development of library services, N.C.C. and A.C.C. and scouting activities, development of physical education, social welfare schemes such as opening of balwadies, establishment of children's homes, social defence, training of social workers, starting of B.T. classes, production of social education literature, adult literacy centres, audio-visual education, propagation of Hindi and opening of Hindi Teaching and Prachar Centres.

3. Education under the Territorial Council.-

During the period under report, 502 junior Basic units have been started and 120 existing primary classes (40 schools) have been converted into junior Basic schools. Deserving children have been given financial assistance to purchase textbooks, stationery, etc. Sixteen new senior Basic schools have been set up and additional units have been started in 17 middle schools. Provision has also been made for scholarships and stipends for deserving students. Land has been acquired for the construction of two more higher secondary schools. At the higher stage also, provision has been made for the award of scholarships and stipends to deserving students. Besides, 14 teachers have been sent for B.T., 6 for B.A. and 3 for training in physical education.

The enrolment in the age-group 6-11 is estimated to reach 87 per cent by the end of the year. It is proposed to start 144 new junior Basic units and convert 120 primary units (40 schools) to Basic pattern during 1962-63. To encourage regular attendance at the primary stage attendance scholarships will be awarded to children of primary/junior Basic

stage.

At the middle stage, it is proposed to start 16 senior Basic schools, add 20 units in the existing senior Basic schools and 8 additional units in existing middle schools. It is estimated that the total enrolment would be 27 per cent in the age-group of 11-14.

schools. It is also proposed to start mid-day meals scheme at the primary

At the secondary stage, it is proposed to start one higher secondary school, convert 3 high schools into higher secondary schools, expand 2 existing private schools and start 8 units in the existing high schools.

V. ANDAMAN & NICOBAR ISLANDS

The total outlay for the third Five-Year Plan for educational development schemes for the Islands is Rs. 56.76 lakh. During the period under report, a sum of Rs. 11,40,000 was provided for the implementation of the Plan schemes and Rs. 8,64,000 for normal expenditure on education. For the next year it is proposed to make a provision of Rs. 13,99,000 for Plan schemes and Rs. 9,16,400 for normal expenditure.

At the end of 1960-61, there were 76 primary schools, three middle schools, two higher secondary schools, one multipurpose higher secondary school, one teachers' training school and one trade school. During the year under report, 17 new primary schools and one middle school have been opened in different parts of the Territory and four primary schools upgraded to middle schools. The existing primary, middle and higher secondary schools have been improved by providing adequate books, science apparatus and furniture. Six primary schools have been converted to the Basic pattern.

There is a considerable shortage of trained teachers in the Islands and with a view to easing the situation, the teachers' training school was strengthened by the appointment of additional staff and the provision of additional teaching equipment. During the year, 24 teachers were trained and training for another 24 is in progress. A "Teachers Seminar" was held in which 125 teachers participated.

Provision has been made for mid-day meals for primary school children. The programme also envisages supply of UNICEF milk to 700 additional primary school children.

To encourage girls' education in the Territory, a special prize scheme has been introduced under which two prizes are awarded each year to girls in every primary school for regular attendance. Hostel facilities for girls have also been provided. Stipends will be granted to 20 Nicobari girls who will be staying in the girls' hostel.

Construction of school buildings, hostels and teachers' quarters also made appreciable progress during the year under report. School buildings for 1 senior Basic school and 12 primary schools were constructed. Additional accommodation was provided in 7 primary schools and one higher secondary school. The hostel attached to the multipurpose higher secondary school, Port Blair, is nearing completion. Twenty-five quarters were also constructed for school teachers.

For promotion of adult education, 11 social education centres have been opened. Steps have also been taken to propagate the teaching of Hindi and 10 Hindi teaching centres have been established.

The welfare of backward classes has been given special attention. Two hostels, one for boys and the other for girls, are under construction at Car Nicobar. Textbooks and articles of stationery have been supplied to the children of scheduled tribes, free of cost.