SCHOOL EDUCATION AND PHYSICAL EDUCATION
SCHOOL EDUCATION
Universalisation With a view to realising the constitutional goal of Universalisation of
of Elementary Elementary Education (UEE), this Programme was accorded a very high
Education priority under the Sixth Plan. Since 1982 Elementary Education has also
been included in the New Twenty Point Programme of the Government as
Point No. 16. The present target date for realising the constitutional goal
is 1990 i.e. the end of the Seventh Plan Period. On the basis of 1981
census estimations, the total population in the 6-14 age group by 1989-90
would be 1510 lakhs. Providing for a margin of 10% for average and
underage children the number of children to be covered by 1990 will be
about 1660 lakhs. According to available reports the total enrolment in
classes I-VIII upto 1984-85 is estimated at upto 1121.06 lakhs. Besides,
35-40 lakhs are expected to be covered through Non-formal Education.
The National campaign for UEE was launched for the first time during
1982. As in previous years, a nation wide campaign was launched in the
current year, highlighting the need for community participation. The
campaign, coinciding with the commencement of academic sessions in
different States/Union Territories, is aimed to create a climate for enrol-
ment, monitor school attendance, fill up the vacancies of teachers and
popularising non-formal education. Special emphasis was laid on reduc-
ing dropout rates. Feedback received so far from the State Governments
is quite encouraging. The State Governments are hopeful of achieving the
targets of additional enrolment fixed for 1985-86.
The statement below shows the enrolment targets and achievements
(Figures within brackets indicate-enrolment ratio)
(Figures in lakhs)
1979-80 1980-81 1981-82 1982-83 1983-84 1984-85 1985-86
(Actuals) (Ache.) (Ache.) (Ache.) (Ache.) (Ache.) (Targets)
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Age-group 6-11 Enrolment classes-I-V 710.02 727.16 753.25 775.93 805.97 853.76 906.81
Enrolment as percentage of age group population (83.72) (85.23) (87.76) (89.87) (93.3) (91.84) (101.7)
Age group 11-14 Enrolment : classes VI-VIII 194.01 204.31 218.13 235.81 254.78 267.30 285.17
Enrolment as % age group Population (40.16) (41.72) (43.96) (46.90) (50.7) (53.07) (55.2)
Age group 6-14 Enrolment classes I-VIII 904.03 931.47 971.38 1011.74 1060.75 1121.06 1191.98
Enrolment of percentage of age group population (67.91) (69.36) (71.71) (74.05) (78.01) (78.21) (84.64)
With a view to improving the quality of teaching, a massive programme
of reorientation of educational administrators, head of educational insti-
tutions and teachers is proposed to be launched in 1985-86 and funds are
proposed to be provided to selected Primary and Secondary teacher train-
ing institutions to strengthen them in respect of staff, equipment and
library facilities.
Free and Flowing from the constitutional directive in Article 45, education in
Compulsory all schools-government, local bodies and aided-at all the primary stage
Education (classes 1-5) and at the middle stage (classes 6-8) is free in most States/
Union Territories except for boys in classes 7-8 in Uttar Pradesh. Some
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States and Union Territories have enacted legislation making elementary
education free and compulsory. However, the penal provisions of such
legislation have remained unenforceable in the prevailing socio-economic
conditions.
Primary School The UK Government had agreed to provide assistance of one million
Project with pounds for construction of primary school buildings in Andhra Pradesh.
UK Assistance further allocation of 14 million pounds is agreed in principle subject to
the outcome of phase one, for a subsequent phase or phases of this project.
Study on Impact A study to determine the impact of school feeding programme on en-
of School rolment, retention and achievement level among 0-5 age-group children
Feeding has been commissioned in July, 1985. The study is being conducted by
Programme Asian Centre for organisation Research and Development under the super-
vision of NCERT.
Non-formal In order to bring educational facilities to children who cannot attend
Part-time school, or have left school without completing the elementary stage, non-
Education for formal education is being developed as a massive alternate/supportive
Elementary system of formal schooling. The main thrust and maximum extent of
Age-group coverage is in the 9 educationally backward states, viz. Andhra Pradesh,
Children Assam, Bihar, Jammu & Kashmir, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, Rajasthan,
Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal, who were receiving special Central
assistance under a Centrally Sponsored Scheme of Non-formal edu-
cation for elementary age-group children. This scheme. basically aims
at providing the institutional infrastructure necessary for coverage of non-
enrolled and non-attending children, and strengthening the academic
inputs to the programme of non-formal education both under Central and
under States initiatives. The cost of the scheme is being shared equally
by the Central and State Governments. During the year a total grant of
Rs. 11,15,39,142/- has been sanctioned to these States.
Voluntary organisations in the 9 educationally backward States running
non-formal education Centres on the State Government pattern and acade-
mic institutions, Government or private, in any State/Union Territory
taking up innovative and experimental non-formal Education projects are
given Central assistance on 100% basis on the recommendations of State
Governments. So far 55 voluntary organisations and academic institu-
tion have been sanctioned grant of Rs. 17.64 lakhs during the current
Year.
Non-formal education programme has gained a good momentum parti-
cularly in the 9 educationally backward states. By the end of 1985-86
the total non-formal coverage in the 9 educationally backward states would
be of the order of 42 lakhs through 1,65,648 Centres including 20500
existing centres exclusively for girls. Besides, the number of non-formal
centres being run by voluntary organisations with central grant is 2424
with an estimated coverage of 60600.
Non-formal The unsatisfactory position about girls' enrolment has affected/conti-
Education nues to affect targets of coverage to be realised by the end of 1989-90.
Centres In order to increase girls' enrolment, the on-going scheme of non-formal
Exclusively education was liberalised from 1983-84 under which financial assistance is
for Girls given to 9 educationally backward states on 90 : 10 Centre-State sharing
basis for establishment of non-formal education centres exclusively for
girls. During the year a total grant of Rs. 2,67,75,483/- has been sanc-
tioned only for 20,500 existing centres exclusively for girls.
Appointment of A Centrally sponsored-scheme of assistance on 80 : 20 Centre-State
Women Teachers sharing basis for appointment of Women teachers in primary schools in
the 9 educationally backward states particularly in rural/backward/
hill/tribal areas, was put into operation during 1983-84. The continu-
ance of the scheme during the VII Plan is under consideration.
Early Early Childhood (Pre-school) education in rural and backward areas
Childhood specially for first generation learners was suggested tinder the Sixth Plan
Education as distinct strategy for reducing drop-out rate and improving retention. The
programme is designed towards improving their communication (language)
and cognitive (social, emotional intellectual and personality development)
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skills as a preparation for entry into primary schooling. Under the scheme,
assistance is available to the voluntary organisations in nine educationally
backward states and an amount of Rs. 34.47 lakhs was sanctioned during
1985-86.
National Awards The scheme of National Awards to Teachers was started in 1958-59
to Teachers with the object of raising the prestige of teachers and giving public re-
cognition to the meritorious services of outstanding teachers working in
Primary/Middle/High/Higher Secondary schools. The scope of the
scheme was later enlarged to cover the teachers of Sanskrit Pathshalas,
Tols etc. and Arabic/Persian teachers of Madrasas run on traditional lines.
Each award carries with it a certificate of merit, a silver medal and cash
payment of Rs. 1500/- which has been raised to Rs. 2500/- from 1985
onwards.
Out of 186 National Awards for Teachers, 1985, the names of 136
teachers-74 Primary and 62 Secondary have been finalised and announc-
ed. These teachers are from Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Gujarat, Haryana,
Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra,
Meghalaya, Nagaland, Orissa, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu,
Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, A & N Island. Arunachal Pradesh, Dadra
& Nagar Haveli, Delhi, Chandigarh, Goa. Daman & Diu, Pondicherry,
Mizoram and Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan. Selection of teachers from the
remaining State/Union Territories is in the process of finalization.
Educational
Technology The Educational Technology Programme aims to bring about a quali-
Programme tative improvement in education and widen access to education through an
integrated use of all instruction technology, including radio and television.
The scheme is being implemented through the Educational Technology
Cells in the States/Union Territories and the Central Institute of Educa-
tional Technology in NCERT. in view of the experience gained in the im-
plementation of the Educational Technology Scheme during the 6th Plan,
it is proposed to modify the assistance to the States/Union Territories under
the Educational Technology Scheme to the creation of self-contained and
fully provided audio programmes production facilities and related training
programmes.
In the context of INSAT, State Institutes of Educational Technology
are being set up in the 6 INSAT States, namely Andhra Pradesh, Bihar,
Orissa- Gujarat, Maharashtra and Uttar Pradesh to enable them to take
over the responsibility for the production of educational television pro-
grammes relevant to their specific needs. The ETV studio buildings in
Bihar and Uttar Pradesh has been completed and handed over to the State
authorities. The studio buildings at Poona and Hyderabad have also been
completed. The building for the SIET at Bhubaneswar is likely to be
ready in February, 1986. In Gujarat the SIET building is being construe-
ted by the State PWD and is likely to be ready in February-March, 1986.
A separate building for the CIET is also to be taken up for construction
through the Department of Space who have initiated tender action.
The equipment for CIET and the 6 SIETS has been ordered on M/s.
GCEL, Baroda and M/s. BEL, Bangalore, both public sector under-
takings. The delivery of equipment by BEL has so far been on schedule,
and it is expected that the studio equipment for 3 SIETs will be completed
by March, 1986 and for the remaining three by March, 1987. Supply of
equipment by GCEL has been beset with delays, and it is hoped that all
deliveries will be completed within the financial year 1985-86. The CIET
continuity studio is now fully functional with the installation and com-
missioning of the studio equipment by BEL.
The production of programmes for the INSAT ETV service is being
shared on 50 : 50 basis between Doordarshan and CIET. The pro-
grammes are of general enrichment for the age-group 5 to 8 years and 9
to 11 years. The ETV service is available in the morning for 40 minutes
each day for 5 days a week, Every Saturday the time is utilised for
teacher training programmes. During this year 46 programmes have been
produced by CIET upto November, 1985.
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The recruitment of staff in the SIETs is in progress. A six week train-
ing course in ETV production was organised at the CIET in collaboration
with the Asia Pacific Institute of Broadcasting Development, Kualalumpur
from April, 22 to June 1, 1985. A similar course is proposed to be or-
ganised in April, 1986. An intensive training course in specific areas of
ETV production has been commenced at the Space Applications Centre,
Ahmedabad in February, 1986 for a duration of three months. The SIET
personnel already trained at CIET are participating in this course.
Computer Education The Pilot Project for introducing Computer Literacy And Studies in
in Schools Schools (CLASS) launched during 1984-85 in collaboration with the De-
partment of Electronics in 250 Higher Secondary Schools from all States/
Union Territories was continued in 1985-86 with an addition of 500 schools
and 8 Resource Centres.
The Resource Centres continued to organise training of teachers and
provide logistic and back-up support to the schools. The funds required
for the project were made available through the Department of Electronics
who are also looking after the procurement of hardware which is now being
manufactured indigenously by Semi-Conductor Complex Ltd., Chandigarh.
The responsibility for installation and maintenance of the computer systems
continued to rest with the Computer Maintenance Corporation. The
academic and management aspects of the project are looked after by the
Ministry of Human Resource Development through NCERT which has
been nominated as the nodal agency at the National level to provide acade-
mic input and supervision.
The first round of the training was organised at 41 Resource Centres
in June-July, 1985 and about 700 teachers were trained. For the remain-
ing teachers the training was held during September-October, 1985. The
computer systems for the new schools and Resource Centres are being
installed. The CMC has developed the Hindi ROM which is being supplied
to all schools. Other language version ROMs are also being developed by
CMC which will be supplied to the schools according to their requirement.
Ten software packages developed by the IIT, Delhi, Regional College of
Education, Mysore, CMC and some private agencies have been made
available in 1985-86 in addition to 14 imported packages duplicated under
a licence agreement. The manuals with the software packages are being
translated into the regional languages for supply to the schools. Efforts
are also being made for the development of a large number of indigenous
software packages through Educational Consultants India Ltd., and State
Governments for use in schools in the coming years.
Value Orientation In the context of the erosion of values that 'has taken place the need
in Education for value orientation in education at all levels has been urged. The Minis-
try of Education had appointed two Working, Groups, one to review the
teacher training programmes particularly with a view to inculcating moral
and social values in the students and the other to consider setting up model
schools for imparting moral education as a Dart of general education on a
totally restructured basis. The reports of the Working Groups have been
received.
The general approach while dealing with value orientation in education
is the following :-
(a) preparation of new instructional materials;
(b) special preparation of teachers for introducing value orienta-
tion in education; and
(c) setting up of special institutions to give practical shape to this
effort.
During 1984-85 the Ministry of Education has sanctioned grants to the
Ramakrishna Institute of Moral and Spiritual Education. Mysore. Sri Sathva
Sai Bal Vikas Education Trust. Bombay and to Bangavani. Nabadwip
(West Bengal) for maintenance and running of these institutions for teacher
training. The Ministry has also prepared a scheme for giving grant-in-aid
to institutions working in the field of value-oriented education.