9.8.3 Writers' workshops were organised at Jammu, Leh, Agartala, Itanagar and Dimapur for preparation of IPCL Materials in Dogri, Bodhi, Kokborak and Aonaga languages. This satisfies the NLM requirements to teach the adults in their spoken language concerned.
9.8.4 Modalities for developing Proto-type materials for neoliterates were discussed to develop books for Post Literacy.
Training 9.8.5 A ten day sub-regional mobile workshop was organised on literacy, sponsored by UNESCO & ASPBAE from July 19-29, 1994 by inviting participants from India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal and Bhutan.
9.8.6 Training modules for Resource persons (RPs), Master Trainers (MTs) and volunteer instructors were developed with special reference to TLC.
9.8.7 Six training programmes were conducted for key level functionaries drawn from the State/UT Directorates of Adult Education and Zilla Sakasharta Samitis.
9.8.8 Six Research papers for professional Development of functionaries were finalized. Training Manual Sekhane Ke Bhageedare was translated into Hindi.
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Resource Support provided by SRCs 9.8.9 Annual Report of SRCs for the year 1993-94 was prepared indicating their performance in extending resource support to the field.
9.8.10 A meeting-cum-workshop inviting 32 writer nominees, serving on the boards of SRCs, was held on 13-14 April, 1994 at NIEPA, New Delhi with a view to familiarize them regarding TLC/PL programmes. SRCS are expected to make cultural programmes effective and communicative to the masses in their respective regions/languages concerned.
9.8.11 A meeting of the Directors' of State Resource Centres was held on 14th July, 1994 in NIEPA, New Delhi. The discussions were held on
- Programmes conducted by the SRCs;
- Resource support extended to strengthen the ongoing Literacy Campaigns;
- Involvement of writer nominees in various programmes/activities concerned;
- Preparation and review of action plan;
- Involving the community of writers/media;
- Promotion of linkages between literacy and developmental Programme;
Management Information System (MIS)
(a) Monitoring of Literacy Campaigns 9.8.12 As part of its responsibility to monitor the pace and progress of implementation of literacy campaigns, the Directorate of Adult Education continued to collect, scrutinise, compile and prepare monitoring reports periodically. In addition, an Annual Report for 1993-94 was also prepared and it was released on the occasion of International Literacy Day by the Chief Guest Shri Pranab Mukerji, Dy. Chairman Planning Commission and Minister of Commerce, Government of India. During the year, a meeting of Chief Minister of Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh was organised on July 1, 1994 at Bhopal for which a document highlighting initiative and concerns was prepared.
9.8.13 The information received every month from 282 literacy campaign districts and 105 post-literacy districts is processed on computer and based on analysis of the functioning of the project/campaigns in these districts, appropriate feed-back advice is given to the districts. The purpose of the current Management Information System is to ensure that the performance level improves and the achievements are optimised.
9.8.14 Apart from the monitoring returns received in the Directorate, a system of periodic visits by officers of Adult Education Bureau, NLM Consultants and DAE helps in collecting qualitative information and also provides deeper insights into programme operation which are not otherwise available through flow of monitoring returns.
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9.8.15 The Directorate had been also assisting the National Literacy Mission Authority in undertaking pre-appraisal work and submitting to NLMA reports on the readiness of different districts proposing to take up literacy campaigns in their area.
Evaluation 9.8.16 The National Literacy Mission has been funding selected institutions of social science research to undertake external evaluation of the literacy campaigns implemented by zilla Saksharta Samities and a few voluntary agencies. So far, around 70 evaluation reports have been submitted to NLM and based on the findings of such reports an evaluation digest has been prepared for dissemination of findings and refinement of methodology of evaluation.
Media and Communication Support 9.8.17 As part of Media Campaign spots were mounted on prime slots in the national channel upto October 15, 1994. Intensive burst was proposed for 3 months covering October-December, 1994 in national channel. Intensive burst in Metro channel of selected programmes for 3 months from November 1994 to January 1995. For this four new spots have been produced title Amir Khusro (40 seconds), Swami Vivekananda (40 secs.) Second Struggle for Freedom - Zohra Sehgal (30 secs) and Second Struggle for Freedom (45 secs.)
9.8.18 A compilation of Nukkad Natak from different parts of the country was done and printed for wider circulation as Volume II. Five plays on literacy were brought out to facilitate use of the same in the Hindi belt.
9.8.19 An audio cassette containing 13 songs on literacy were released for wider circulation in the TLC districts.
9.8.20 Two skits were presented - one by South 24 Pargana district literacy group and another by Madurai Arivoli Iyakkam as part of ILD celebrations - 1994.
9.8.21 Two films titled "Ek Nai Disha" and "Jungle Bolta Hai" were produced documenting the TLC of Bilaspur, Sirmour and Dangs districts. TLC Keonjhar had been documented. The film is titled "Across Baitharani - An experience". Two video films on Post Literacy on Oriya were produced. 8 Films on Post Literacy in Oriya were produced. One 16 mm film entitled "The Sun Flower of Hope" was produced based on the life story of an enterprising literacy volunteer - Subbalakshmi.
National Level Competitions 9.8.22 To create a highly favourable environment for literacy, motivational and mobilizational efforts were being continued to enrich the participation of the educated, artists, writers, photographers etc. in literacy campaigns. As part of this exercise, national level competitions were organized on Poster Design, Essay Writing and Photography.
Shramik Vidypeeths (SVPs) 9.9.0 Thirty-seven Shramik Vidyapeeths (SVPs) continued to function in 1994-95 in different industrial and urban Centres of the country. They represent an institutional
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framework for offering non-formal, adult and continuing educational and polyvalent training programmes to industrial workers.
Publication 9.10.1 Publications, brought out from time to time to strengthen promotion of literacy campaigns and post-literacy measures are presented below.
* Release of publications by the Minister for HRD on 28th International Literacy Day celebrations - September 8, was one of the most important activity. Following publications were brought out for release:
i) Literacy - Pune Experience
ii) Literacy and Vocational Education - Narendrapur Experience
iii) Literacy Tamil Nadu Experience
iv) Quest for Change - Selected Prize Winning Essays, Posters and Photographs
v) Scheme of Urban Polyvalent Adult Education through Shramik Vidyapeeths The Dharavi Experience
vi) The Karnataka Literacy Campaign
vii) Maharashtra Literacy Scenario
viii) Annual Report - 1993-94 Literacy and Post- Literacy Campaign in India
ix) Nukkad Par Vol.II
x) Saksharata Natakon Ka Sankalan
xi) Sadho Sabdh Sadhana Keejai
9.10.2 Apart from the above, special issues of Literacy Mission and Saksharata Mission were also brought out for the function.
* Release of "Literacy Mission" Journal was being continued every month in Hindi and English.
* For Chief Ministers' Conference held in Bhopal, following three publications were specially brought out:-
i) Evaluation Digest
ii) NLM - The Mission for All Booklet (updated version)
iii) Saksharata Ki Ore (Bilingual Folder)
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* Following publications were also printed and distributed
- Report - National Workshop on Developing the Training Design - for the field functionaries of TLC.
- A Post Literacy Booklet, "More Income by Tree-Planting" in Hindi was printed with the financial help of ACCU, Tokyo, Japan.
- Statistical Database for Literacy in Hindi and English versions were printed in collaboration with NIAE.
- Statistical Database for Literacy of Madhya Pradesh in English and Hindi versions were printed in collaboration with NIAE.
- Tumkur Documentation was printed by the district authorities in collaboration with DAE.
- Birbhum Documentation was printed by the district authorities in collaboration with DAE.
- Evaluation of Expert Group - Ghosh Committee Report.
- TLC/PLC Campaign in India - Status Report.
Population Education 9.11.0 The Government of India continued implementing Population Education project through DAE since 1986, with the financial assistance of UNFPA. The objectives of the project were as follows in the first phase of 5 years:
- to introduce a substantial component of PE messages into adult education programmes,
- to strengthen the performance in PE through various State Directorates of Adult Education and SRCs;
- to institutionalise PE in adult education programme.
Arun Ghosh Committee on Status cum Impact Evaluation of Literacy
Campaigns in India 9.12.1 An Expert Group was constituted in April 1993, under the Chairmanship of Prof. Arun Ghosh to undertake a status-cum-impact evaluation of Literacy campaigns launched in different parts of the country since 1991. The objectives proposed were as under :-
a) i) To measure the outcome of literacy campaigns among learners/participants with respect to prescribed levels of literacy as per NLM norms.
ii) To analyse the estimated number of persons made literate by gender, age groups and social groups (SC/ST and others)
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b) The process and effectiveness of environment building/mass mobilisation through mass literacy campaigns.
c) Involvement and partnership between Government bodies and voluntary groups in literacy campaigns.
d) Duration of implementation of the campaign with special emphasis on the duration of teaching/learning.
e) Resources available and mobilised for mass literacy campaigns including the cost effectiveness of the campaign.
f) To study and assess the fall out an impact of the literacy campaign on related socioeconomic development programmes such as primary education, health, nutrition family welfare, gender sensitivity, women and child development programmes, national integration etc.
9.12.2 The Expert Group held 19 meeting interacted with a number of social science institution and evaluation agencies, held extensive discussions with field functionaries, programme implementors, policy faders, educationists, academicians and social activists, visited several States like Maharashtra, Goa, ;Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, karnataka, West Bengal, Orissa, Bihar and uttar Pradesh for on-the-spot study and has submitted its findings on the evaluation of the Literacy MIssion
9.12.3 Recommendations made by the Committee on Literacy Campaigns, Post-Literacy measures etc. are presented below :-
a) Literacy Campaign 1. Adoption of an appropriate approach for mass support from various quarters including a strong political commitment, constitution of a strong core group committed to Literacy.
2. Integration of TLC with NFE, improvements in the teaching learning materials, training and the Monitoring and evaluation system.
3. Carrying out accurate initial survey of the non- literates.
4. Adequate facilities and provisions to the learning centres.
5. Constitution of a core group at State and district level to guide and support the programme.
6. Emphasis on voluntary character of this programme which was deemed essential for its success.
7. Concentration on Hindi belt where there are about half of the non-literates in India.
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b)Post Literacy Measures 1. Bringing internal evaluation procedure close to the External Evaluation procedure and continuing interaction between internal and external evaluation agencies.
2. Adoption of adequate representative sample for reliable evaluation of TLCs. Assessing at least 10% of the learning centres.
3. Adoption of appropriate design for external evaluation based on stratified random sampling design including blocks, panchayats and villages.
4. Validity of target population and absenteeism
5. Assessing atleast 80% of the learners
6. Assessing the impact of the TLC and adopting proper procedure for storage of TLC data.
7. Conducting impact evaluation studies.
International Literacy Prize 9.13.0 The UNESCO awards International Literacy Prizes each year for meritorious work in the field of literacy and adult education amongst its member States. The UNESCO Jury has awarded the Noma Prize for this year to the Loreto Day School at Seeldah, Calcutta for (1) having reached out to the many poor children deprived of access to literacy and education and increasingly opened the doors to underprivileged youngsters from slum areas and the street; (2) having introduced novel initiatives to reach the masses such as (i) `Child-to-Child' teaching programmes in rural area, reducing the drop- out rate from 60% to 18%; (ii) "Rainbow" programme within the school for homeless street children characterized by a flexible curriculum and attendance; (iii) "drop-in" programmes since 1979 for older girls who have never attended school or who have droped out to enable them to catch up and join normal classes; (iv) "barefoot teachers" programmes for the recruitment and training of secondary school drop- out young men and women as literacy teachers in the most neglected slum and remote rural areas from which they come.
Visits of Indian Delegations Abroad 9.14.1 A five-member Indian delegation led by Shri A.K. Basu visited China from 28th July, to 11th August, 1994 on a two seeks State visit to China under a Protocol on cooperation and education signed between the two countries.
9.14.2 A two-member Indian delegation visited Maldives from 10.9.94 to 24.9.94 under the Cultural Exchange Programme.
International Literacy Day 9.15.0 A national level function was held at Talkotra Indoor Stadium on 8.9.94 to celebrate the International Literacy Day.
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National and International Workshops 9.16.1 The Lal Bahadur Shastri National Academy for Administration, Musoorie organised workshops for the benefit of the IAS probationers and other officers. A preparatory workshop was held on 22nd and 23rd July, 1994 to device the curriculum for such workshops to be held at all levels and for identifying the resource persons. The Director General, NLM participated in this workshop. Financial assistance for this workshop was provided by this Department. The Academy also held sensitization workshops for State and district level officials in the States of Bihar, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, and Uttar Pradesh.