PROMOTION OF LANGUAGES
12.1.0 Languages being central to education, their development occupies an important place in the National Policy on Education. Therefore, promotion and development of Hindi and other 14 languages listed in the Schedule VIII of the Constitution including Sanskrit and Urdu on the one hand and English as well as foreign languages on the other hand. was given due attention. In fulfilling this responsibility, the Department is assisted by a number of autonomous organisations and subordinate offices, namely Kendriya Hindi Shikshan Mandal (KHS), Agra; Rashtriya Sanskrit Sansthan (RSS), New Delhi with its 8 Vidyapeeths; Central institute of Indian Languages (CIIL), Mysore with its four Regional Centres and two Urdu Training and Research Centres; Central Hindi Directorate (CHD), New Delhi; Commission for Scientific and Technical Terminology (CSTT), New Delhi; and Bureau for Promotion of Urdu (BPU). During the year under report, the Department continued its ongoing schemes and programmes. The following are some of the important activities pertaining to promotion and development of languages undertaken during 1989-90.
Promotion and Development of Hindi 12.2.1 Eversince Second Five Year Plan, Central assistance is being provided for appointment of Hindi teachers in Schools from upper primary to
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higher secondary levels in non-Hindi speaking States/Union Territories. The extent of financial assistance given under this scheme is 100%. As on date, for 9000 posts of Hindi teachers, Govt. of India are giving assistance. There is a also a scheme for giving 100% Central assistance to non-Hindi speaking States/Union Territories for establishment of Hindi Teachers' Training Colleges. This assistance is also available to voluntary organisations for the same purpose. So far 35 colleges in different parts of the country have benefited under this scheme. Of them 19 are being run by State Governments and 16 by Voluntary Hindi Organisations. The annual intake of these colleges is about 1350 trainees.
12.2.2 To encourage voluntary organisations engaged in promotion, development and propagation of Hindi, the Central Government has been providing them financial assistance since First Five Year Plan. Over the years, the number of organisations seeking financial assistance under this scheme is progressively increasing. With Government assistance, some of these organisations have grown into major institutions operating simultaneously in more than one State. In the earlier years, grants were generally sought for running Hindi classes, conducting course in Hindi typing and shorthand, establishment of libraries and reading rooms etc. Quite a number of organisations are now coming up with requests for. grants for training, teachers, publication of Hindi journals, conducting Hindi examinations, instituting prizes as well as for advanced work in Hindi.
12.2.3 Financial assistance is also being extended to voluntary organisations/societies/trusts as well as individuals for bringing out publications with a view to promote and propagate Hindi. Assistance is provided at the rate of 80% of the total cost estimates.
Kendriya Hindi Sansthan (KHS) AGRA 12.2.4 In pursuance of the objective-to train Hindi Teachers in non-Hindi speaking States, the Kendriya Hindi Sansthan with its Headquarters at Agra and 5 Centres located at Delhi, Guwahati, Hyderabad, Mysore and Shillong has been conducting many important programmes such as training courses like Nishnat and Parangat Certificate courses etc. They are conducting extension programmes for Hindi. Teachers in Tribal Areas. A full-fledged academic course for teaching Hindi to foreigners is being conducted by the Sansthan under the scheme of 'Propagation of Hindi Abroad'. During the current year, the Government of India has awarded scholarships to 50 students from various foreign Countries. The Sansthan has also developed textbooks and instructional materials for teaching Hindi in non-Hindi speaking areas.
12.2.5 On 13th February, 1989 the Silver jubilee Celebrations of Kendriya Hindi Sansthan were inaugurated by the Prime Minister of India. On this occasion, 24 awards were given by the Prime Minister for Outstanding contributions to Hindi. Silver jubilee Celebrations have been continued through out the year. During this period, a number of Seminars and Conferences were organised by the Kendriya Hindi Sansthan all over India. Moreover 10 Outstanding persons have been selected for 'Akhil Bharatiya Hindi Sevi Samman' during the current year.
Central Hindi Directorate (CHD) 12.2.6 The Directorate is compiling 13 Hindi and 13 regional languages based bilingual dictionaries. So far Hindi-Assamese, Hindi- Gujrati, Hindi-Kashmiri, Hindi-Marathi, Hindi-Malayalam, Hindi-Oriya, Hindi-Sindhi, Hindi-Tamil, Hindi-Telugu, and Hindi-Urdu dictionaries have been published. The Directorate has brought out nine trilingual dictionaries, while 12 Hindi based and 12 regional languages based trilingual dictionaries are being compiled. The Directorate has also published one Multilingual dictionary and Tatsam word dictionary besides compiling 'Bhartiya Bhasha Parichay Kosh'. Under the Cultural & change Programme, Hindi Chinese, Hindi-Arabic, Hindi-French and Hindi Spanish dictionaries, have been Published.
12.2.7 journals like 'Unesco Door' (Hindi version of the English Magazine entitled 'Unesco Courier') is being brought out by the Directorate besides quarterly Hindi journal 'Bhasha', annul journal 'Varshiki' and 'Sahityamala'.
12.2.8 The Directorate is implementing a scheme of teaching Hindi through correspondence Courses with English, Tamil, Malayalam and Bangla as media. The enrolment in these Courses during the current year is around 13,000. Some self-teaching Records and Cassettes have also been prepared for the purpose. Personal Contact Programmes are organised for removing the difficulties of the students.
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12.2.9 The Directorate has organised study tours for non-Hindi speakers in Hindi speaking areas and released travel grants to research scholars of non-Hindi speaking areas. Neo-Hindi writers' workshops are held in non-Hindi speaking areas to encourage original writing in Hindi, besides symposia for discussing various aspects of Indian literature in non-Hindi speaking areas. Sixteen Neo-Hindi writers are given awards every year.
12,2.10 A number of books have been sent free of cost to the non-Hindi States. for the propagation of Hindi. Exhibition of Hindi books is another activity of the Directorate. The Directorate is also engaged in the propagation and development of Sindhi language.
Commission for Scientific and Technical Terminology (CSTT) 12.2.11 The Commission for Scientific & Technical Terminology (CSTT) was set up in October, 1961 for evolution of scientific and technical terminology and preparation of university level books and reference literature in Hindi and other regional languages.
Terminology 12.2.12 The CSTT has, so far, evolved more than five lakh scientific and technical terms relating to Sciences, Social Sciences & Humanities, Medicine, Agriculture and Engineering. Terminologies in specialised fields e.g. Space Science, Computer Science and Metallurgy have also been published and are under preparation in other specialised fields e.g. Printing Technology, Architecture, Petroleum, Aeronautics, etc. The prestigious publication of the CSTT 'A Consolidated Glossary of Administrative Terms' has been distributed in all the Central Government/State Government Departments.
Definitional Dictionaries 12.2.13 The CSTT has brought out 33 Definitional Dictionaries in various disciplines so as to serve as reference material to the University teachers and students. Besides, some of the Definitional Dictionaries are press-ready and some are under various stages of production.
Pan-Indian Terminology 12.2.14 With a view to identifying commonness in Indian languages, the CSTT has identified 20,000 Pan-Indian terms and these have been published in subject-wise glossaries for free distribution amongst scholars, writers, translators, journalists, etc. Identification of Pan-Indian character of many more terms is under way.
University Level Books and quarterly journals 12.2.15 In collaboration with the Hindi Granth Akademies/State Text- Book Boards, the CSTT has brought out more than 8700 University level Books in Hindi and other regional languages, Production of books in Engineering, Medicine and Agriculture is the direct concern of the CSTT and, in these subjects, the CSTT has brought out 312 books. The CSTT also brings out a Quarterly Journal 'Vigyan Garima Sindhu' for providing latest supplementary material to the university teachers and the students.
Terminology Orientation Workshops 12.2.16 With a view to popularising and promoting appropriate use of terminology, the CSTT organises Terminology Orientation Workshops for university/college teachers in the university towns. Annually 10-15 such workshops are organised.
Computerisation of Terminology 12.2.17 Currently, the CSTT has undertaken computerisation of all the scientific and technical terms evolved by it, so as to facilitate effective coordination, updating and printing of comprehensive, subject group-wise and subject-wise glossaries as per users' needs as also to create a database for setting up a computer-based National Terminology Bank.
Promotion and Development of Modern Indian Languages (MIL)
Central Institute of Indian Languages (CIIL), Mysore 12.3.1 With a view to develop and train teachers in Modern Indian Languages for implementing the Three-language formula, the Central Institute of Indian Languages (CIIL), is running full academic year courses for school teachers from different States/Union Territories at their four Regional Language Centres and two Urdu Training Research Centres. Three hundred and ninety-seven trainees
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sponsored by different State Governments in 13 languages were admitted during the year under report. In addition to this, 110 are taking correspondence courses in Tamil and Bengali on experimental basis. To develop proficiency tests in languages for measurement of language competency, Institute has also prepared test items in seven languages, while tests in other seven languages are in progress.
12.3.2 The Institute has also prepared grammars, dictionaries and primers in many, tribal and border languages, besides publishing a number of books in tribal languages.
12.3.3 Financial assistance is being provided to voluntary organisations as well as individuals for bringing out publications with a view to promote and propagate Modem Indian Languages. Similarly, voluntary organisations engaged in promotional. activities in various Modem Indian Languages also receive Central assistance. The pattern of assistance under the Schemes corresponds to that of Hindi promotion schemes.
12.3.4 Schemes are also being implemented through Central Hindi Directorate for promotion and development of Sindhi which include publication assistance, financial assistance for the voluntary organisations engaged in promotion and propagation of Sindhi and awards for Sindhi scholars.
Central institute of English and Foreign Languages (CIEFL),
Hyderabad 12.4.0 In order to bring about substantial improvement in the standards of teaching/learning of English in the Country, the Government is giving assistance through the Central Institute of English and Foreign Languages (CIEFL) for the setting up of at least one district centre for English language in ,each State. So far, 25 Centres have been set up. The Government is also providing assistance to Regional Institutes of English and English Language Teaching Institutes of different States through the CIEFL for strengthening them. The Government has assigned a scheme to Regional Institutes of English in collaboration with CIEFL, for preparation of tests for measuring proficiency levels in English for students after Standard X as well A foreign students coming to India for advanced study. These tests for measuring English proficiency called 'TEP 10' an 'TEP 12' are at an advanced stage.
Taraqqui-e-Urdu Board 12.5.1 Taraqqui-e-urdu Board, which is an apex advisory body to advise the Government on promotion and development of Urdu language, was reconstituted this year. The Board consists of Urdu scholars, academicians, and representatives of voluntary agencies in the field and Urdu academics. The Minister of State for Education is the Chairman of the Board.
12.5.2 This year, a sub-committee of Taraqqui-e-Urdu Board was constituted to examine broad-basing the terms of reference of the Board. The report of the subcommittee was presented to Board for consideration.
12.5.3 The BPU selves as the secretariat of the TUB. The Bureau has set up 39 Calligraphy Training Centres in Urdu in different parts of the country. Seven of these Centres are exclusively for women. More than 1100 students have so far benefited by these Centres. The Bureau has also brought out 635 titles. in various subjects including Urdu-Urdu Dictionaries, publications in Urdu besides a glossary of technical terms in different disciplines. A research journal called 'Fikro Tehqeeq' is also being brought out by the Bureau.
12.5.4 Financial assistance for Urdu publications and other activities like holding of conference, seminars, workshops etc. is being provided by the Bureau. During this year, besides others, grant-in-aid of Rs.11.57 lakhs was released to Dairatual Maarifil Osmania, Hyderabad, towards maintenance cost including the arrears of this organisation.
Promotion of Sindhi 12.6.1 The scheme "Production of Standard Literature in Sindhi" is being implemented through the Central Hindi Directorate for promotion and development of Sindhi language and literature. Through various sub-schemes following programmes/items of work have been undertaken.
12.6.2 Twenty-one books in Sindhi language have been published so far, which include rare books, classical text-books etc, reprinted. More than 45000 terms in different subjects pertaining to Humanities & Science group have been identified and work of coining Sindhi equivalents is being undertaken.
12.6.3 Every year Workshops on different literary subjects are, organised at National Level by inviting
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applications from various parts of the country. One workshop on "System of Sindhi writing" was organised at Madras from 16th to 22nd November 1989. Second Workshop on "Sindhi Rajasthani Folk Lore" was organised in Barmer (Raj.) from 25th to 31st December, 1989.
12.6.4 A National Seminar was held on "Sindhi Kutchhi Lok Sanskrit" in Adipur (Kutch) in March, 1990.
12.6.5 Every year, Sindhi books at a cost of Rs.2.00 lakhs are purchased for free distribution to public/college/school libraries etc. This year, 72 titles were approved by the Selection Committee for purchase of 175 copies each.
12.6.6 The Sindhi Advisory Committee under the Chairmanship of Minister of State for Education was set up to give advice to the Government on matters pertaining to promotion and development of Sindhi language.
Promotion of Sanskrit and other Classical Languages 12.7.1 For promotion and development of Sanskrit and other Classical languages, the following programmes were implemented during the year.
Financial Assistance to Voluntary Sanskrit Institutions engaged in
the Propagation and Development of Sanskrit 12.7.2 Under this Scheme, registered Voluntary Sanskrit organisations/institutions are given recurring & non-recurring grants for salary of teachers, scholarships to students, construction and repair of buildings, furniture, library etc. Seventy-five percent of the approved expenditure on each of the above items is given as grant from the Ministry. In the case of Vedic institutions where oral vedic tradition is being preserved, Government grant covers 95% of the total approved expenditure. About 700 Sanskrit organisations in the country are being given financial aid during this year.
Scheme of Financial Assistance to Adarsh Sanskrit Mahavidyalaya
Shodh Samsthans 12.7.3 Some of the voluntary sanskrit organisations, having potential for future development and offering Post-Graduate studies have been recognised as Adarsh Sanskrit Mahavidyalayas and are provided with financial assistance @ 95% recurring and 75% non- recurring expenditure. So far, 12 PostGraduate Teaching Institutions and 2 Post-Graduate Research Institutions have been brought under the purview of this Scheme. Three of them are in Bihar, two in Haryana, one in Kerala, two in Maharashtra,three in Tamil Nadu and three in U.P.
Rashtriya Sanskrit Sansthan 12.7.4 The Rashtriya Sanskrit Sansthan is an autonomous organisation under the Ministry of Human Resource Development set up for preservation and propagation of Sanskrit, publication and preservation of manuscripts and for organising training activities. Since its inception in 1970, it has established 8 Kendriya Sanskrit Vidyapeethas in 7 States situated at Allahabad, Delhi, Guruvayoor, Jaipur, Jammu, Lucknow, Puri and Tirupathi. In addition, it has 41 private institutions affiliated to it for the purpose of examination. It conducts examinations and awards certificates and degrees from Prathama to Acharya and Vidyavaridhi. It also provides teachers' training at graduate and post-graduate levels.
12.7.5 The Sansthan through its following Vidyapeethas, has undertaken a number of research, development and extension programmes/activities:
12.7.6 The Allahabad Vidyapeetha is a specialised in collection and preservation of manuscripts, and has so far collected more than 50,000 manuscripts and has published about 55 important works. It has also completed a programme of Microfilming manuscripts from the Kashmir University pertaining to Kashmir Shaivism.
12.7.7 The Tirupati Vidyapeetha :- The following are the important projects undertaken by this institution:-