SECONDARY EDUCATION
SECONDARY EDUCATION
SCHEME FOR RECONSTRUCTION OF SECONDARY EDUCATION The scheme for the reconstruction of Secondary education was implemented in October, 1954. During the First Five-Year Plan, a total amount of Rs. 5.187 crores was sanctioned as the Central Gove- ernment's share in favour of various State Governments under the scheme. The total allotment of Multi-purpose schools etc. was as follows: -
(i) Number of High and Higher Secondary
schools to be converted into Multi-
purpose schools- 480
(ii) Number of diversified courses:
Commerce- 171
Science- 228
Technical- 212
Agriculture- 158
Fine Arts- 71
Home Science- 101
941
(iii)Number of Schools for Science Teach
ing at the rate of Rs. 50,000 each 214
(iv) Number of Schools for improvement
of teaching in Core Subjects 1074
(v) Improvement in School libraries:
(a) Multi-purpose Schools 419
(b) Other schools 1070
(vi) Introduction of crafts in Middle
Schools 1209
(vii) Training of teachers:
(a) Centres 12
(b) Teachers Training Colleges 13
(viii) Miscellaneous Schemes-Publication
of Bulletin-Seminar, Training of
Career Masters etc.
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According to the information available, up to October, 1956, only 331 Multi-purpose schools with a total number of 450 diversified courses have been established in various States. Of these 331 Multi- purpose schools, 88 Multi-purpose schools are of Higher Secondary standard. One hundred and seventy-eight more schools are to be converted into Multi-purpose schools with 277 diversified courses up to April, 1957.
The Scheme is being continued during the Second Five Year Plan. An amount of IN 3,19,41,827 being the share of the Central Government for the Scheme for the Reconstruction of Secondary Education, has been made available to various State Governments during 1956-57. The following Schemes are barred:-
(1) Increase in teachers' salaries.
(2) Scholarships.
(3) Administrative buildings for the inspectorate of and office staff.
(4) Public schools.
An amount of Rs. 37,13,938 has been paid as arrears of the Central Government's share to the State Governments for their 1955-56 programmes for this-Scheme,
As Himachal Pradesh, Delhi, Tripura and Manipur have become Union Territories the whole of the cost on the Scheme for these areas has to be met by the Centre. Grants amounting to Rs. 54,745 have been sanctioned to the Tripura Administration during 1956-57-
During the 1957-58 period, the highest priority will be given to the incomplete schemes of the First Five-Year Plan and schemes for the conversion of High schools into Higher Secondary and Multipurpose schools, and the training of teachers at all levels. The pattern of Central Assistance for the State Schemes under Secondary Education Sector included in the Plans of the State Governments for 1957-58 and onward has been laid down as follows:-
Pattern of
Name of Scheme Central
Assistance
1. Conversion of High Schools into Multi-
purpose Higher Secondary Schools 60 per cent.
2. Conversion of High Schools into Higher
Secondary Schools 60 per cent.
3. Training of Teachers for Multi-purpose/
Higher Secondary Schools 60 per cent.
4. Improvement of teaching facilities
in existing Secondary Institutions 50 per cent.
5. Improvement of facilities for teaching
Science in Secondary Institutions 50 per cent
6. Improvement of libraries 50 per cent.
7. Improvement of teachers' salaries at Secondary
stage (Middle Senior Basic, and High) 50 per cent.
(Under con-
sideration)
8. Other Schemes relating to Secondary
Education approved for Central Assistance 50 per cent.
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In respect of Central Schemes the pattern has been fixed as follows: -
Pattern of
Name of the Scheme Central
Assistance
1. 200 Agricultural Courses in rural
Secondary Schools 60 per cent
2. Appointment of Hindi Teachers in
Non-Hindi speaking areas 60 per cent
3. Research in problems connected with
the Secondary Education 100 per cent
RESEARCH IN PROBLEMS CONNECTED WITH SECONDARY EDUCATION The scheme for the promotion of research in problems connected with Secondary Education is being continued in the Second Five Year Plan. Grants amounting to Rs. 76,067 have been sanctioned to Teacher Training Colleges and Departments of Education of universities. Last year, 21 Training Colleges undertook research under this scheme. Out of these 21 colleges, three were not able to take up the work and dropped out. During 1956-57 two new institutes took up two research projects under this scheme. Requests from five other new colleges/institutes are under consideration. Two of the departments that have already been conducting research under this scheme have taken up three new research projects this year as their old projects are nearly complete. It is expected that by the end of this year, nearly half of the old projects will be completed and reports on them published.
To review the progress under each research project under this scheme and to plan and coordinate research in Secondary education in the Second Plan, a Seminar was held at Ootacamund in June, 1956. Representatives of the training colleges/departments of education that are taking advantage of this scheme participated in the Seminar. The Seminar discussed each research project in detail and made many useful suggestions to make work more practicable and to improve the quality of research. 3 A provision of Rs. 2 lakhs has been proposed for continuing the scheme in 1957-58.
TECHNICAL COOPERATION MISSION PROGRAMME (i) Educational Administration Project.-The services of an ex- pert in Educational Administration have been requested under the Technical Cooperation Mission programme. Books worth Rs. 2,37,500 are under procurement from the U.S.A. under this contract.
(ii) School Building Project.-An expert specialising in the construction of school buildings has arrived from the U.S.A. He
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will advise the Central and State Governments in solving the problem of constructing suitable school buildings at a low cost. He has had preliminary discussions with several State Governments.
Equipment worth Rs. 1,09,250 will be made available to the Government of India by the Technical Cooperation Mission for this project in 1957-58. The Government of India are considering whether or not to avail themselves of the Technical Cooperation Mission assistance in order to strengthen vocational education in 1957-58.
ASSISTANCE TO VOLUNTARY EDUCATIONAL ORGANISATIONS
The following institutions have so far been sanctioned grant, under the Secondary Education. part of the Scheme.
Rs.
(1) Gujrat Research Society, Bombay 17,965
(2) Grama Vidyalaya Sangha, Mysore 35,000
(3) Dr. Alagappa Chettiar Training College, Karaikudi 1,033
(4) Shri Shivaji Lok Vidyapeeth, Amravati 30,770
(5) Ramakrishna Mission, Ashram, Bombay 24,500
(6) The Southern India Education Trust, Madras 1,00,000
(7) D. M. College, Moga 15,863
(8) Rashtreeya Vidyalaya Teachers College, Bangalore 75,000
(9) Balwant Rajput College, Agra 2,645
(10) Ramakrishna Mission Ashram, Students Home, Calcutta 52,500
(11) Sri Ramakrishna Mission Vidyalaya, Coimbatore 27,190
(12) Prayag Sangeeth Samiti, Allahabad 1,00,000
(13) Dr. Alagappa Chettiar Educational Trust, Madras 77,000
(14) Girls High School, Mercara 6,386
(15) Banasthali Vidyapeeth, Jaipur 1,517,140
(16) Baroda University 7,923
(17) Sri Ramakrishna Advaita Ashrama, Kalady, Kerala 18,315
(18) Jeevan Bharati, Surat 11,141
(19) Vidyodaya Girls High School, Madras 75,000
(20) Y.M.C.A., Bangalore 2,160
(21) The National High School (Girls) Triplicane, Madras 30,723
(22) Grama Vidyodaya Sangha, Mysore 35,000
(23) Gujrat Research Society, Bombay 57,095
(24) Haryana Sakti Higher Secondary School, New Delhi 20,000
(25) D.A.V. Higher Secondary School, New Delhi 2,100
(26) S.R.S.D. Higher Secondary School, New Delhi 19,309
14,428
(27) R. M. Arya Girls Higher Secondary School, New Delhi 38,610
(28) Sarada Ashram, Calcutta 40,000
(29) Ramakrishna Mission Ashram, Calcutta 10,000
(30) Ramakrishna Mission Ashram, Barangore, Calcutta 12,771
(31) Manavabharati, Mussorie 13,336
(32) Ramakrishna Mission Ashram, 24 Parganas, Calcutta 10,000
(33) Sri Ramakrishna Mission, Kallai, Kozhikode 10,000
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A sum of Rs. 100 lakhs has been provided in the Central budget during the Second Plan period.
LOANS FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF HOSTELS The scheme aims at giving interest-free loans to Secondary insti- tutions for the construction of Hostels, recoverable in varying, annual instalments. The following loans have so far been sanctioned:-
Rs.
(1) Madrash Christian College School, Madras 2,00,000
(2) Avinashilingam Trust Home Science School, Coimbatore 2,00,000
(3) Mahesh High ol, jodhpur 1,00,000
(4) Dr. Alagappa Chettiar Trg. College, Karaikudi 2,00,000
(5) Jeevan Bharati, Surat 1,50,000
(6) P. R. Saharia Multi-purpose H. S. School, Rajasthan 1,00,000
(7) Grama Vidyalaya Sangna, Mysore 36,000
INTER-STATE UNDERSTANDING The scheme is under the approval of the Planning Commission for inclusion in the Second Five-Year Plan. One of the items coming under the scheme is the production of attractive brochures about different States. The first of such brochures on Himachal Pradesh, is now ready for distribution. A sum of Rs. 10 lakhs has been suggested for expenditure during the Second Five-Year Plan.
SCIENCE TEACHERS PROJECT This project has been taken up by the Ministry in collaboration with the Ford Foundation, United States Educational Foundation in India, British Council and the Canadian High Commission to, strengthen the teaching of science at Secondary schools. Forty Science Teachers of Training Colleges and Secondary Schools have been deputed to the U.K., U.S.A. and Canada for two years' study-cum-practical training (twelve to the U.K., eight to Canada and,, twenty to the U.S.A.). During the first year, Fellows will be attached to a good School or University for study and in the second year they will be engaged in a High School there that may invite them to join their staff on the rates of salaries of trainees in their countries. They will be awarded a specially designed Diploma or Certificate on the successful completion of their study and training.. All expenditure in this connection is to be met by the Ford' Foundation direct. The travel cost of the 20 Fellows for the U.S.A. from London to that country will be borne by the United States Educational Foundation in India and that of the eight Fellows for Canada from London to that country will be borne by the Canadian High Commission.
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No financial commitment on this Project is made by the Government of India during the current year. During the next year in the case of Fellows who may not be provided for in the Secondary Schools of their countries of deputation, the cost of the return journey will require to be met by this Ministry.
An amount of Rs. 50,000 has been provided in the next year's budget for this purpose.
PROMOTION OF GANDHIAN TEACHINGS AND WAY OF LIFE In pursuance of the recommendations of the Central Advisory Board of Education, a Committee was appointed to consider the -question of including Gandhian teachings in the curricula of schools and colleges. The Committee met for the first time on 23rd August,. 1955 at New Delhi, and after holding a general discussion on the subject, appointed a Sub-Committee to work out a programme. The Sub-Committee held three meetings and drew up a list of recommendations which were referred to the union committee for its approval. The Committee met at New Delhi on January 24, 1957 and made the following recommendations:-
(a) Three books should be prepared incorporating Gandhiji's contribution in important fields, one each for Primary, Secondary and University levels;
(b) Gandhiji's letters to children should be published in book form;
(c) "Gandhiji's Week" should be celebrated in October each, year by educational institutions throughout India;
(d) The Government should institute special lectures at some Universities to be delivered every year by distinguished' authorities on various aspects of Gandhiji's life and thought; and
(e) A book of anecdotes from the Mahatma's Life should be, published in suitable form for Secondary school children.
SECONDARY EDUCATION BULLETIN "Secondary Education," a quarterly journal published by the, Ministry, has now entered its second year of publication. Intended primarily for High and Higher Secondary schools in the country, it has already a circulation of nearly 3,000. The articles and book reviews included in the journal are of particular interest to educationists and others concerned with the reform and reorganisation of Secondary education. Regular features of the journal include the steps taken at the Centre to implement the decision of the Secondary Education Commission and the activities in this field in
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the various States of the Indian Union. The journal also gives brief accounts of activities abroad in the sphere of Secondary education.
Labour and Social Service Camps.-A sum of Rs. 3 crores has been provided in the Second Five-Year Plan for the scheme of Labour and Social Service Camps which is intended to inculcate a sense of dignity of manual labour among the students. A sum of Rs. 50 lakhs has been allocated for utilization during the current financial year. The amount is sub-divided in the ratio of 75:25 for two major types of work, viz., Labour and Social Service Camps, -and Work Projects.
During the year, Universities, State Governments, voluntary organisations like the Bharat Sevak Samaj and Bharat Scouts and Guides, and the N. C. C. Directorate of the Ministry of Defence, have taken an active interest in organising youth camps in various parts of the country. Up to 28th February, 1957, 740 camps were ,conducted in which about 75,000 campers have participated.
The Government subsidise Labour and Social Service Camps on the following basis:
(i) For food and incidental expenses, at the rate of Rs. 1-12-0 per head per day; and
(ii) Transport charges on the basis of III class railway fare or actual bus fare.
Grants have also been paid for the conduct of Organisers' Train- ing Camps for camp organisers to ensure the supply of trained and -experienced personnel for the conduct of Labour and Social Service Camps. Twenty-two such camps have so far been held during the year.
The Committee on Youth Camps and Labour Service Camps set up in April, 1954 to determine all questions of grants and policy have held 15 meetings up to date. Out of the total provision of Rs. 37.5 lakhs for the current financial year, a sum of about Rs. 23.25 lakhs has been sanctioned for different types of camps conducted through. out the country.
Campus Work Projects:-During the current financial year, a sum of Rs. 12.5 lakhs has been allocated for the scheme. Owing to pressing demands from various institutions, an additional amount of Rs. 17.22 lakhs has been provided, thus bringing the total provision during the year to Rs. 29.72 lakhs. The additional fund of Rs. 17.22 lakhs will be met from savings in other sub-heads. Out of this, a sum of Rs. 29.72 lakhs has been sanctioned as grants to 22 Universities and 14 State Governments for the construction of 72