 COUNCIL OF SCIENTIFIC AND
 INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH

Organisation, Scope and Functions.-The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research set up in 1942, is an autonomous body registered under the Registration of Societies Act (Act XXI of 1860). The functions assigned to the Council are mentioned below :

(a) to promote,guide and coordinate scientific and industrial research in India including the institution and the financing of specific researches.

(b) to establish, develop and assist special institutions or departments of existing institution for scientific study of problems affecting the industries and trade in India.

(d) to utilise the results of the researches conducted under the auspices of the Council towards the development of industries in the country.

(e) to establish, maintain and manage laboratories, workshops and organisations; to further scientific and industrial research and to utilise and exploit for purposes of experiment or otherwise any discovery or invention likely to be of use to Indian industries.

(f) to collect and disseminate information in regard not only to research but also to industrial matters generally, and

(g) to publish scientific papers and a journal of industrial research and development.

1.1. The Union Ministry of Education serves as a coordinating Ministry between the various Ministries of the Government of India and the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research. The main source of the finance of the CSIR is the grants-in-aid by the Union Government. The administration of the Council is vested in the Governing Body of which the Prime Minister is the President and the Minister for Education, the Vice-President. The Director-General is the Principal Executive Officer of the CSIR. The Governing Body is composed of eminent scientists, industrialists and officials with adequate representation from other research organisations such as Atomic Energy Establishment, Defence Research Development Organisation and Universities etc. In all scientific matters, the Governing Body is assisted by the Board of Scientific and Industrial Research (BSIR). The BSIR is composed of scientists, industrialists and experts in different fields of science and technology. The Board is assisted by Research Advisory Committees and Specialist Committees in matters pertaining to

the programme, planning and utilisation of research, technical manpower and assessment of ad hoc research schemes, fellowships etc.

2. National Laboratories, Institutes and Organisations.-The number of National Laboratories/Institutes/Technical Units/Research Centres and other organisations under the CSIR which was 38 at the beginning of the year 1965-66 stands at 40 in January 1966, the additional ones being : (1) Structural Engineering Research Centre, Roorkee and (2) Industrial Toxicology Research Centre, Lucknow.

2.1. The laboratories of the Council have oriented their research programmes project-wise with specific objectives and time targets. The efforts of the laboratories have been concentrated in the following areas : (i) Defence, (a) Imports Substitution/ Elimination, (iii) Industrial Technology, (iv) Food and Agriculture, and (v) Basic Objective Research. The number of such projects in all the laboratories total 1,372.

2.2. The Governing Body of CSIR has approved the setting up of National Institute of Oceanography. The Institute will be assuming responsibility for the Units of the Indian Programme of the International Indian Ocean Expedition, The Director, Indian Ocean Expedition will be redesignated as the Director, National Institute of Oceanography.

2.3. The Indian Institute for Biochemistry and Experimental Medicine, Calcutta has been renamed as Indian Institute of Experimental Medicine.

2.4. A Statement giving the names of the National Laboratories/Institutes/Centres and Organisations under the CSIR along with their functions is given in Annexure III.

3. Technical Units at Headquarters.-At the Headquarters of the CSIR, the following technical units have been set up : (i) Research Coordination, Industrial Liaison and Extension Services Unit (including Defence Coordination Unit and Patent Unit); (ii) Survey and Planning of Scientific Research Unit (including International Collaboration Bureau); (iii) Central Design and Engineering Unit; and (iv) National Register Unit. The progress of each of these Units is given in the following Paragraphs.

3.1. Research Coordination, Industrial Liaison and Extension Services Unit.-This Unit maintains suitably documented information regarding the programmes and progress of research in the National Laboratories/Institutes and Universities and assists internal coordination between the Laboratories/Institutes of the CSIR. The Unit also maintains external coordination with other research organisations such as Railways, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Directorate General of Technical Development of the Ministry of Industry, Ministry of Health and other departments and organisations responsible for planning the industrial development of the country. With a view to ensuring closer contacts between research and industry, organising a feed back of problems for scientific

investigations to the Research Laboratories and having proper, technical information service, a Technical Information Centre for Chemical Industry, has been established at Bombay in collaboration with the Indian Chemical Manufacturer's Association for catering to the needs of the chemical industry.

3.1.1. A 'Get-together' of research and industry was organised on December 20-21, 1965 at New Delhi primarily with the object of outlining the work required to be carried out by the research organisations to attain self-sufficiency and also to delineate areas in the industry where indigenous 'know-how' was adequate or needs to be supplemented. About 1,000 delegates from all over, the country representing various interests associated with research and industry attended the meeting. About 400 papers were presented and discussed in Working Groups and recommendations were drawn up for, implementation. Follow-up action is being taken to implement these recommendations.

3.1.2. The Unit continues to issue a quarterly Information News Letter'. A new bulletin entitled 'Data on Research Utilisation' is being released monthly which contains information regarding the research projects sponsored by the industry, testing and analysis facilities offered consultation service and steps taken for demonstration and dissemination of results of research by the laboratories of the Council.

3.1.3. Defence Coordination Unit.-This Unit was set up in 1962 to act as a focal point of reference for scientific and technical problems of defence interest in which National Laboratories could assist. The Unit in collaboration with defence has identified a large number of problems and referred to National Laboratories for development, a majority of which have since been successfully completed. While 26 items are now on pilot-plant production and being supplied to the Defence, technical assistance has been rendered to Defence for a number of other problems. In the wake of recent hostilities with Pakistan, the work has been intensified with a view to develop indigenous substitutes for imported raw materials on a crash basis. The number of defence projects currently being handled by the Unit on behalf of National Laboratories is nearly 200.

3.1.4. Patent Unit.-This Unit renders assistance to inventors in the laboratories of the Council as well as those undertaking sponsored research, in drafting patent application and filing them both in India and abroad. It also maintains a patents' inspection centre. Ninety-nine patent applications were filed in India and 14 in foreign countries during 1965. Thirty two patent applications were accepted and twenty four scaled during the year in India. In foreign countries, four applications were accepted and' six sealed.

3.2. Survey and Planning of Scientific Research Unit.-The functions of the Survey and Planning of Scientific Research Unit include carrying

out investigations in the problems of planning, organisation and management of scientific research with special reference to the CSIR and its National Laboratories/Institutes. The work of the Unit continues to develop in different directions and it has published a series of six Survey Reports, brochures on the fourth Five Year Plan of the CSIR and, "Science in India".

3.2.1. International Scientific Collaboration Bureau.-A Bureau has been set up in the Council, of Scientific and Industrial Research for strengthening contacts and collaborations between the scientific organisations and; scientists in India and those of other countries particularly the developing countries. Agreements for exchange of senior and junior scientists have been entered into by the Council with the German Democratic Republic, Berlin, the British Council (U.K.) and the German Academic Exchange Service, West Germany. Scientific cooperation agreements with Yugoslavia, Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia etc. are in various stages of negotiation.

3.2.2. To give effect to the Indo-UAR Scientific Cooperative Agreement, a Meeting of the Joint Scientific Board was held in January, 1965 at Cairo under the Chairmanship of Shri M. C. Chagla, Minister for Education and Vice-President, CSIR and the recommendations' of the Joint Scientific Board are being implemented.

3.3. Central Design and Engineering Unit.-Created in 1963 with the object of providing assistance to the National Laboratory in the translation of laboratory results into industrial application etc., this Unit has initiated a number of projects in collaboration with public and private sector organisations, and these are: (a) Based. on the pilot plant work carried out at the NML, Jamshedpur and the preliminary offers received from number of firms, final specifications for, all the major equipment required for magnesium metal plant were prepared; (b) Designs for one unit for the distillation of 200 tonnes of mentha/year at Chakrohi in Jammu have been completed; (c) A rose Distillation Unit for distillation of 30 kg. of roses per batch has been designed for CIMPO, Lucknow; (d) A semi-commercial plant to produce 250 tonnes per annum. of synthetic tanning agents has been designed for CLRI, Madras; (e) Two steam distillation stills having capacities of 250 and 500 kg. per batch each of celery seed were designed for a private party; (f) The Unit also undertook complete design of three projects namely manufacture of : (1) 1,800 tonnes/year of metanilic acid, (ii) 750 tonnes/year of metaaminophenol, and (iii) 200 tonnes/year of paminosylicyclic acid. The estimated total cost of these three projects is Rs. 94.69 lakh which is the lowest among the tenders received by them, and (g) A survey and techno-economic study has been carried out for various catalysts needed for the manufacture of fertilizers and refining of the petroleum feed stock. The project report for production of three tonnes of potassium chloride, at Kandla was modified. The work on installation is in progress.

3.4. National Register Unit.-The National Register Unit serves as clearing house for information pertaining to Indian scientists, engineers, technologists and medical personnel at home and abroad. At present about 2,75,000 persons are enrolled in the General Register. It also maintains a special section for 'Indians Abroad' which registers Indian scientists and technologists with foreign qualifications and training. Over 11,000 persons are enrolled in the 'Indians Abroad' section. The Unit undertakes manpower research to study the general and particular trends of utilisation of personnel in various disciplines. It also brings out 'Technical Manpower Bulletin' which contains research reports etc. The Unit also renders employment assistance for foreign qualified scientists and engineers.

4. Publication and Information Directorate.-The details are given in Annexure V.

5. Indian Languages Unit.-The Indian Languages Unit (formerly Hindi Unit) continued to publish the popular Science monthly Hindi journal "Vigyan Pragati". It is proposed to publish 'Vigyan Pragati' in different regional languages. Preparations are being made to start its publication in Tamil, Telugu and Marathi in the first instance. On the request from the National Book Trust of India, this Unit has undertaken to prepare manuscripts of about a dozen books on popular science subjects in Hindi on their behalf. 'Manuscripts of three books on (1) Vitamins, (2) Outstanding Scientists and (3) Antariksh Yatra are almost ready.

5.1. The work of translation of "Wealth of India" into Hindi has also been undertaken. Provisional Glossary of the subject titles (in 4 parts) containing 6,000 terms has already been published and circulated for comments. With a view to feeding the language press with information relating to scientific and technological developments and research in the country and abroad, a Science Information Service has been started in Hindi and Marathi.

6. Indian National Scientific Documentation Centre (INSDOC).- The demand for the documentation services offered by the INSDOC substantially increased during the year. More than 16,000 requests were received for supply of copies of scientific papers, 174 requests for compilation of bibliographies on scientific topics and 636 requests for translation of scientific papers from foreign languages into English. The Centre also organised training courses in : (i) Documentation and Reprography and (ii) Technical Translation during the year under report.

6.1. The INSDOC Centre at Bangalore has initiated document procurement and photocopying service. It has full range of reprographic equipment received through Unesco.

7. Collaboration between the National Laboratories/Institutes and Universities.-Steps that have been taken for bringing about close collaboration between the National Laboratories/Institutes of the CSIR and the universities are :

(i) The Chairman of the University Grants Commission and some senior scientists from the universities are members of the Governing Body and the BSIR.

(ii) All the Laboratories of the CSIR have scientists from the universities on their Executive Councils and Scientific subcommittees which enable them to keep abreast with research programmes of the Laboratories/Institutes.

(iii) Scientists from the universities are invariably associated with the Selection Committee as members for selecting candidates for scientific posts in the Laboratories/Institutes.

(iv) CSIR is supporting centres of specialised research in some of the universities whereby finances are given to strengthen Centres for research which will be of ultimate benefit to the CSIR also. During 1965-66, CSIR supported : (1) School of Earthquake Engineering at the Roorkee University; (2) School of Dyestuff. Technology at the University of Bombay; and (3) Manufacture of some biochemicals in India at Vallabhai Patel Chest Institute, Delhi.

(v) The Council has financed research scientists from the universities for deputation to foreign countries for attending seminars/ symposia along with the scientists from the CSIR Laboratories.

(vi) A large number of ad hoc research schemes and fellowships are awarded in the universities for propagation of scientific research.

(vii) Twenty-three laboratories of the CSIR are recognised by the universities as Institutions for higher studies for award postgraduate study and research.

8. Grants-in-aid for ad-hoc Research Schemes at Universities and Scientific Research Institutes etc.-Besides fostering research in its own National Laboratories/Institutes etc. the, CSIR provides grants-in-aid for research schemes in universities, technical institutions and industrial laboratories. During the year 1965-66 grants-in-aid for 668 research schemes were given.

8.1. Grants-in-aid for Retired Research Scientists.-The Council made suitable grants to 44 retired research scientists in various universities/research institutes during 1965-66 for continuing their scientific research.

8.2. Grants-in-aid for Emeritus Scientists.-Grants to Emeritus Scientists for continuing their research work after their retirement are also made by CSIR. The number of such Emeritus Scientists during 1965-66 is 9.

9. Fellowships.-Details of the scheme are mentioned under the Chapter on Scholarships.

10. Scientists' Pool.-The Pool set up in 1958, provides temporary placements to Indian Scientists, technologists, engineers, doctors and social scientists returning from abroad after higher training and also Indian scientists with higher Indian qualifications. Registrants in the 'Indians Abroad' section of the National Register who do not have any employment in Indian are considered automatically for selection. Those who have high qualifications from Indian universities are also considered on the basis of applications invited usually at the beginning of each year. About 1000 persons were selected to the Pool during 1965, bringing the total, selected to 4,200. Some of them are still abroad. Many have secured regular employment in India.

10.1. The Government of India have decided that "all approved scientific institutions should be authorised to create a certain number of supernumerary posts to which temporary appointment can be made quickly from the scientists working and studying abroad". The Public Undertakings, have also been advised to have supernumerary posts specialty in research units which should, if necessary, be established in such undertakings. The details of the placements and selection of candidates as on 1-12-1965 are given in Annexure IV.

11. Cooperative Research Associations.-The Council has been rendering financial and technical assistance to industry with a view to encouraging scientific research on problems of particular interest to them. It provides financial assistance towards both capital and recurring expenditure to the 'Co-operative Research Associations' formed by the industry.

11.1. In addition to ten (Cooperative Research Associations), three relating to the Textile Industry and one each for Silk and Art Silk, Plywood, Rubber, Paint, Wool, Tea and Cement, the Research Association for Jute was formed during the year. Opinion survey for formation of Research Associations for Radio-electronics and cable industries has also been undertaken.

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