EQUIVALENCE AND ACCREDITATION

        
        
                                                        7.01 It is a cardinal principle in OLS that the standard of
                                                   curriculum and expected achievement in any of the open
                                                   courses should not be less than that expected in an institutional
                                                   course, although the contents may be somewhat different, being
                                                   need-based.    Comparability of standards is essential as the
                                                   products of OLS would have to be acknowledged as equal to
                                                   those expected to be produced by the institutional system.  This
                                                   is necessary to enable them to find placements in jobs or in
                                                   higher education and to emphasize the concern for efficiency in
                                                   studies and in work-performance.  It is obvious that compara-
                                                   bility or equivalence of open courses with institutional courses
                                                   will have to be decided on the basis of carefully formulated
                                                   criteria related to acquisition of expected competencies.  An
                                                   appropriate organization will have to be entrusted with the task
                                                   of formulation as well as application of the essential criteria of
                                                   comparability.  Considering that the open learning system is
                                                   directed towards serving those who seek academic education as
                                                   also those who seek job-oriented education, the evaluation or-
                                                   ganization will have to be specially constituted.
        
                                                        7.02    IGNOU has already set up a Distance Education
                                                   Council for Higher Education.  A similar Council for School
                                                   Education is expected to evolve under the leadership of Na-
                                                   tional Open School.  There are privately conducted job-oriented
                                                   open education institutions with direct linkages with market-de-
                                                   mand and these use the demonstration of the expected levels of
                                                   performance on the job, as the chief criterion of success.  They
                                                   do not bother about equivalence with the formal system.
        
                                                        7.03    A meeting ground for these diverse evaluation sys-
                                                   tems could be provided by a National Consortium on Open
                                                   Education.  Such a consortium could have representatives from
                                                   the open system, formal system, business and industry, Plan-
                                                   ning Commission, Ministry of HRD, Ministry of Labour,
                                                   NIEPA and specialists in social auditing, who can objectively
                                                   consider the comparability and equivalence problems on the
                                                   basis of evaluative studies and relevant research.  In the mean-
                                                   while, criteria adopted by NOS and various open universities
                                                   may prevail, with due Support from government because, ulti-
                                                   mately, the open system has to prove its legitimacy and credi-
                                                   bility through its performance which must be accepted both by
                                                   the academic world and the world of work.  The task of stand-
                                                   ardization, accreditation and maintenance of quality will ulti-
                                                   mately be performed by the National Consortium on Open
                                                   Education which would also network and oversee the entire
                                                   OLS in the country.
        
                                                                        

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                                                           7.04  In relation to cost-benefit, accreditation and evalu-
                                                    ation, some normative directions would be essential for OLS,
                                                    as given below :
        
                                                      (a)  Insistence on more intensive and more efficient use of
                                                           existing facilities (buildings, equipment, software, curricu-
                                                           lum, materials, training, orientation and experience).  Sys-
                                                           tematic net-working for better utilisation of resources.
        
                                                      (b)  State Boards of (School) Education can easily provide infra-
                                                           structural facilities, for part- time and own-time education.
                                                           Similarly, institutions such as ITIs, Community Polytech-
                                                           nics, Krishi Vigyan Kendras, progressive farmers, small-
                                                           scale industry, projects of voluntary agencies should
                                                           participate in open education.  The Community Polytech-
                                                           nics, KVKs and rural secondary and higher secondary
                                                           schools, should play a wider and stronger role to support
                                                           rural learners.  Collaboration between The formal and the
                                                           open learning channels should be carefully established so
                                                           as to be mutually beneficial.  For instance, some students
                                                           of formal schools may find the distance education texts
                                                           useful for improving their performance in the formal sys-
                                                           tem.  The multi-media packages may exert a beneficial
                                                           effect on teaching-learning transactions in formal institu-
                                                           tions.  On the other hand, institutional facilities could be
                                                           used for contact programmes in open education.
        
                                                      (c)  Since open learning is essentially distance education which
                                                           is a guided exercise in self- learning, a continuing effort to
                                                           make the support institutions work efficiently must be 
                                                           made.  A service orientation will be necessary for them.
                                                           A narrowly commercial or quid pro quo attitude would be
                                                           harmful to OLS.
        
                                                       (d)  Financial support for students in OLS would have to be
                                                           based on well-established criteria.  Financial assistance to
                                                           the State Open Schools would be necessary for pro-
                                                           gramme-support such as, training, shared production of
                                                           materials (print, audio and video packages), evaluation,
                                                           and so on.  The students should contribute to the services
                                                           they receive, be it cost of materials, examination cost or
                                                           student service cost, etc.  No one should be made to lose
                                                           self-respect by providing a totally free education, but rea-
                                                           sonable concessions to the indigent and weak would be in
                                                           order.  It has been realized that whatever is free is seen as
                                                           "worthless" by the recipients.  The recipients gladly pay
                                                           for whatever is worthwhile.
        
                                                      (e) The Open Learning organization should have the necessary
                                                           autonomy, with clear guidelines for operation.  Old-fash- 
                                                           ioned administrative and financial controls based on the
                                                           mistrust of the user should be discarded as they would
        
                                                                        

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                                                         obstruct the performance of the open learning system.
                                                         OLS must remain dynamic.  Autonomy coupled with ac-
                                                         countability to the users, to society and to the norms of 
                                                         financial probity should be the way of functioning.
        
                                                                        

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