MANAGEMENT CADRES AND PRESENT TRAINING FACILITIES
The estimates for technical personnel made in the previous two chapters are for managerial personnel with degrees in engineering or technology. The lower categories consisting of personnel with diploma qualifications and sometimes with no academic qualifications at all but having only experience are also in supervisory positions exercising managerial functions. The organisational chart of two selected industrial establishments may be seen in Appendix V. It will be observed that cadres such as Foreman, Assistant Foreman, Senior Chargeman, Senior Draftsman, Overseer, Technical Assistant etc. exercise supervisory functions and in general a University degree in engineering is not considered essential for carrying out the duties assigned to these posts, Ordinarily, an Assistant Engineer or a person working in an equivalent rank is the lowest in the technical cadre for whom a degree qualification is almost obligatory. For every Assistant Engineer down the scale there are about 3 to 4 technical personnel exercising Supervisory functions depending upon the nature of industry.
The Board of Technical Studies in Management have formulated four courses of study for the various cadres of management personnel. They are
(1) Industrial Engineering; x2(2) Foreman Supervision: (3) Industrial Management; and (4) Business Management.
Industrial Engineering is a post-graudate diploma course of one year's duration on full-time basis or three years on part-time basis, open to graduates in engineering. The course imparts instruction in managerial practice and principles and modern techniques of Production, Planning and Control. The following are the subjects taught in the post-graduate course :
Part I
1. Structure & Economic Aspects of Industry & Commerce 2. Personnel Management and Industrial Relations 3. Management Principles and Practice 4. Procurement & Inventory Control
Part II
1. Work Study 2. Materials Handling 3. Statistical Methods and Statistical Quality Control 4. Location of Industry and Plan Layout 5. Product Design and Development
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Part III
1. Production, Planning & Control 2. Cost Control 3. Quality Control & Metrology 4. Operational Research 5. Maintenance 6. Job Evaluation& Merit Rating 7. Project Work & Report (Instruction & Contact hours)
The syllabus of studies as approved by the Board of Technical Studies in Management may be seen in Appendix VI. The course is offered on a fulltime basis in the Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, and on part-time basis in the Victoria Jubilee Technical Institute, Bombay.
Foremanship and Supervision course is a certificate course open to matriculates having three years experience in a supervisory position in industry. Instruction is imparted in the following nine subjects:
Elements of Supervision Industrial History and Industrial Relations Communications in Industry Elementary Principles of Management Elements of Personnel Management Principles of Foremanship Principles of Production Planning Principles of Remuneration, Estimating and Costing Safety in Industry
Syllabus approved for the course by the All India Board of Technical Studies in Management may be seen in Appendix VII. The course can be organised in an industrial establishment or in a technical institution, There are three courses at present in the country and all the three are on a part-time basis. One of them is at Jamshedpur and is organised by the Tata Iron and Steel Company Ltd., Jamshedpur. The Gujarat Textiles Association has orgainised a course in Baroda. in collaboration with the Baroda University. The Victoria Jubilee Technical Institute, Bombay, has organised a course in the Institution. There is a proposal for the consideration of the Board for setting up an institute which will impart instruction on a full- time basis in Foremanship and Supervision.
With the assistance from the United Nations Special Fund, Government have set up a National Institute for Training in Industrial Engineering. The institute will conduct functional courses ranging from one week to 22 weeks in the following subjects:
Advanced Work Measurement-Comprehensive Course Work Measurement-Comprehensive Course Production Planning & Control--Comprehensive Course Sales Organisation- Comprehensive Course
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Method Study-Comprehensive Course Operative Training Methods-Comprehensive Course Profit Planning & Financial Control Standardisation, Simplification & Variety Reduction. Plant Maintenance Business Appraisal Estimating & Pricing Design and Implementation of Incentive Schemes Job Evaluation & Merit Rating Clerical Organisation Stock Control, Tool Room Control and Storekeeping. Purchasing Methods & Value Analysis Selection Methods & Procedures Product Engineering Plant Design & Layout Materials Handling Management Controls Profit Sharing Methods
Industry Courses:
Cotton Textiles State Transport Building Industry Jute Industry Woodworking Industry Light Electrical Engineering Foundry Industries Sugar Industry Radio Industry
The course of study in Business and Industrial Management drawn up by the All India Board of Technical Studies in Management is open to those who are graduates and who have at least two years experience in a responsible supervisory capacity. The course extends over a period of one year on a fulltime basis and three years on a part-time basis. There is also provision in the scheme for the slab system of instruction under which candidates are given three months full-time instruction in a year, the entire course being completed in three years. The subjects of study comprise : (a) Background Subjects: (b) Tools of Management; (c) Management Subjects; and (d) Specialised Operational Subjects.
The Background subjects are:
1. The Growth and Structure of Industry & Commerce 2. The Economic aspects of Industry & Commerce 3. The Legal Aspects of Industry & Commerce 4. Psychology
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The Tools subjects are: 1. Accounting 2. Statistical Method 3. Work Study & Organisation and Job Evaluation 4. Budgetary & Higher Control
The Management subjects are:
1. The History and Nature of Management 2. Management Principles 3. Management Practice 4. The Personnel Function
The Operational subjects are:
1. Manufacturing 2. Development & Design 3. Distribution 4. Purchasing, Storekeeping and Transportation
All the 12 subjects comprising the first three groups cover a body of knowledge essential to all those who aspire to higher levels of management whether in operational or functional division of an enterprise or in general management.
The post-graduate course in Business Management and Industrial Management are at present being offered in the following centres:
1. Delhi University 2. Indian Institute of Social Welfare and Business Management, Calcutta 3. Madras University 4. Bombay University 5. Osmania University (Business Management only) 6. Thiagarajar Educational Trust, Madurai (Business Management only)
The Board has also approved the starting of two courses at the P.S.G. Engineering College, Coimbatore, Allahabad University and Kerala University. The approved intake for each of the courses is 30.
With the assistance of the Ford Foundation, Government have set up two Institutions, one at Calcutta and the other at Ahmedabad named the Indian Institutes of Management, Calcutta and Ahmedabad which will inter-alia conduct full-time courses of two years' duration at the Master's degree level in Management. The courses of study are at present designated as post-graduate diploma course in Business Administration. By the end of the third Plan, it is expected that these two institutions will have an intake of 150 each in the post- graduate diploma course. Admission to this course is open to brilliant young graduates with proved aptitudes in Management.
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Administrative Staff College, Hyderabad The College was established in 1957 on the model of the Administrative Staff College Hanley-on-Thames, England. Its object is to bring together under one roof Senior Executives of proved ability from different fields of activity to study the skills and techniques of higher management and leadership. By living and working together the participants are enabled:
(1) To interchange and analyse ideas and experience.
(2) To acquire a close acquaintance with the economic, social and political environment in which they operate.
(3) To get a deeper understanding of the inter-relationship between different sectors of the national economy and between Public Administration and Business Management; and to appreciate how their respective roles complement each other in the achievement of the common national objectives.
(4) To enrich their personalities and increase their competence as administrators by developing greater insight into and a broader approach to executive problems.
The College admits 50-60 candidates to each session of 12 weeks.
The National Productivity Council of India and the All India Management Association have also a part to play in the promotion and development of management education. The former has annual programmes for short functional courses ranging from one week to 26 weeks dealing with different aspects of management techniques and practices relating to production. The latter has been arranging seminars on diverse management topics which attract top and middle management personnel from all parts of India. In addition, every year there is an annual intensive programme of study of a selected topic in management which is attended by top management personnel in industry, educational institutions and Government.
Organised In-service Training The direct method of training management personnel is through planned and organised in-service training programmes. Such programmes may includes theoretical instruction besides supervised on-the-job training. Several establishments in the private sector, notably Tatas, Hindustan Lever, Standard Vacuum etc. have well-developed in- service training programmes. The Tatas have set up a staff training college at Jamnshedpur for continuing attention to the in-service training and development of their supervisory and management staff at junior levels. They also maintain a college at Poona for the training of their middle and higher level management personnel. In the public sector, Hindustan Steel have set up a small management training centre at Ranchi. Generally speaking, however, adequate attention is not paid at present to the training and development of managerial personnel in many enterprises including public sector enterprises. There appears to be need for creating greater awareness among top management personnel of the importance of organised in-service training programmes for the development of managerial skills and talents.