APPENDIX NO V(A) REPORT OF THE SURVEY OF INDUSTRIES CONDUCTED BY THE CHAIRMAN OF THE SPECIAL COMMITTEE
Origin One of the terms of reference of the Committee on Reorganisation of Polytechnic Education (CROPE)* constituted by the Government of India is 'to examine the whole system of Polytechnic Education vis-a- vis the needs of industry for middle level technicians and to prepare a ten year plan for its re-organisation and development". This necessitates a thorough analysis of the system of Polytechnic Education from all sides. Such an analysis should begin with the knowledge of the requirements of the employers and industry for middle level technicians for suggesting steps to recast the system of polytechnic education. Hence a Survey to collect relevant data from industry and educational institutions has become an integral part of the Committee's work.
At the First Meeting of the CROPE held at New Delhi on 4th April 1970, the Committee decided upon a strategy of action in which the following items have been stressed:
1.1. A sample survey of industry should be carried out with a view to find out the types of jobs where technicians are required. This survey should cover a cross section of industry embracing the heavy, medium as well as small scale industrial sectors.
1.2. A thorough analysis should be made regarding the present system of polytechnic education with a view to find out the lacunae and deficiencies at present vis-a-vis job re- quirements.
1.3. To examine how far diversification at the technicians level is possible keeping in view the need for mobility of technicians both horizontally and vertically.
1.4. To examine the fields in which sandwich courses could be successfully started with indications of the structure of the courses, duration etc.
1.5. To examine bow best the practical training can be made industry-oriented and the type of training which the students should get and its correlation with teaching.
1.6. To examine the aspect of faculty development, type of training programme to be fixed for training and retraining of teachers, type of industrial training, required for teachers in order to keep them up-to-date.
1.7. To examine how to achieve the maximum involvement of industry in the training of technicians and teachers.
With the above objective in mind a Sub-Committee with Dr. Pranlal Patel as its convenor, was constituted to prepare a questionnarie and to undertake a sample survey. A revised questionnarie seeking both statistical and general information in two parts was finalised at the Second Meeting of the CROPE and was circulated by the Chairman himself.
2.Objectives The objectives of this survey are:
2.1. To get an idea of how the employers feel about the quality of the present day diploma holders of the Polytechnics.
2.2. To obtain suggestions from the industrialists regarding the suitability of the following systems in polytechnic education.
(a) specialisation. with sandwich training.
(b) specialisation without sandwiching.
(c) sandwiching without specialisation.
(d) neither sandwiching nor specialisation.
(e) additional post academic training.
2.3. To obtain the employer's interests in the qualities of a diploma holder when the latter is recruited.
2.4. To assess the position of the diploma holders in jobs in relation to the number of graduate engineers and skilled workers.
2.5. To know the involvement of the diploma holder in managerial activities.
2.6. To find out the mobility of the diploma holder in industry both horizontally and vertically.
2.7. To know about the retraining facilities and programmes of technicians.
2.8. To find out the willingness of industry in offering supervised and purposeful training to polytechnic students.
2.9. To find out the co-operation that can be extended by industry in the case of faculty development by training polytechnic teachers in their organisations .
* CORE-Committee on Reorganization of Polytechnic Education.
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2.10. To estimate the cooperation that can be extended by industry in terms of its willingness to exchange staff with the Polytechnics from time to time.
2.11. To know how far industries are willing .PA to spare their experts to deliver special lectures in their fields.
2.12. To find out the general training facilities available in industry.
3. Approach The Chairman circulated the questionnaire to the following:
1. Experts in various fields of industry and technical education.
2. Chambers of Commerce and Industry and other Professional Associations.
3. Entrepreneurs and eminent persons.
Several copies of the questionnaire were sent to each Export and Chamber of Commerce, Industry and Professional Association with a request to circulate them in the nearby industries and to furnish an abstract of the replies and findings. Individual entrepreneurs and eminent persons were also contacted and their views and opinions collected. The selection of these units and individuals was such as to make ail overall assessment sufficiently representative on all India level.
Apart from the abstract, each expert was also requested to send his views on the points covered by the seven questions of the questionnaire.
Part of the questionnaire calls for statistical information regarding the employment of technical personnel. An analysis of this part reveals the position of a Diploma-holder in relation to the degree-holders and skilled workers.
The pattern of circulation and response to the questionnaire is given below:
Number Memo- Replies to
addressed randa & Question-
Notes naire
received received
1. Experts in Various fields of
industry and technical
education 77 16 186
[635 questionnairessent]
2. Chambers of Commerce
and Industry and Professional
Associations 44 6 ..
3. Enterpreneurs and eminent
persons 39 5
Chairman also collected information and views from the industrial units in and around Coimbatore through his representatives.
4. Coverage
4. 1. Area The survey covers many industries spread Out almost over the entire country by direct contact, as illustrated in figure 4.1. Even though certain states such as Jammu and Kashmir, Orissa etc. are not directly covered to a great extent, the contact made with Central organisations such as Central Water and Power Commission, Indian Council of Agricultural Research. Indian Railways etc. would to some extent reflect the coverage of such areas also.
In figure 4. 1, the distribution of replies to the questionnaire received is given. The indicated numbers in each state do not show the size of the individual industries covered. For instance, the three responses from Madhya Pradesh consist of two from large units viz. Bhilai Steel plant and Heavy Electricals, Bhopal, and one from an eminent educationist.
The responses from large Associations such as the Institution of Engineers (India), Port Trust of Calcutta Machinery Manufacturing Corporation etc., are sufficient to reflect a reasonable coverage of industries in and around West Bengal.
The large response from the various industries in Maharashtra (39 Nos) is sufficient to yield enough information to reflect the coverage of the neighbouring states too. So the comparatively low response from Gujarat is not very serious.
4.2. Respondents About 40 experts, entrepreneurs and eminent industrialists responded to the questionnaire with their valuable suggestions and views. Fig. 4.2. shows the statewise distribution of such responses all over the country. In view of the responses from 12 leading industries already covered as shown in fig. 4.1 under "Area" in Andhra Pradesh. the apparent lack of response from experts from Andhra Pradesh and neighbouring Orissa regions is not significant.
The list of Entrepreneurs and experts who responded is given in Annexure 4.1.
4.3. Industries The industries that responded to the questionnaire have been classified under the following three main groups.
(a) Engineering Industries
(b) Process Industries
(c) Others
These have further been classified into the following categories for deeper analysis:
(1) Heavy Engineering Industries including Mining Industries.
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(2) General Engineering and Consultants.
(3) Textiles, Paper, Cement and other Process Industries.
(4) Petrochemical and Pharmaceutical industries.
(5) Electrical and Electronic industries,
The number of workers and technicians employed by the firms that replied to the questionnaire has been given in Table 4.1. below, grouped industrywise:
TABLE 4.1
Group of Industry Number Number
of of
Workers Technicians
1. Heavy Engineering, in-
cluding mining industries 99,914 9,578
2. General Engineering &
Consultants, 32,701 6,073
3. Textiles, paper, cement and
other process industry 38,742 2,197
4. Petro-Chemicals and Pharmaceutical
industry 5,142 1,604
5. Electrical and Electronic
Industries. 14,360 3,712
TOTAL 1,90,859 23,166
The classified list of industries, which replied to the questionnaire is given in Annexure 4.2.
On the whole this survey covers organisations employing totally 1,90,859 workers and 23,164 technicians spread over the whole country. According to a recent estimate by the Ministry of Education and Youth Services about 200,000 diploma holders are working in the various organizations in the country. Thus the present survey covers 11.50 per cent of the total number of technicians employed in the country and the survey may be considered sufficiently representative.
4.4. Aspects of Polytechnic Education. The questionnaire cover the following issues affecting Polytechnic Education:
Q.1. Deficiencies of the present system and suggestions for evolving a suitable pattern of polytechnic education rectifying the deficiencies.
Q.2. Qualities that are normally lookcd for by prospective employers while recruiting technicians, and the methods they employ to assess those qualities.
Q.3. The need for and the existence of organized training programme offered to fresh entrants in industries-, and duration of such programmes.
Q.4. Basis of promotions and opportunities that exist in the organizations for the technician to move to higher positions.
Q.5. Plans for retraining of technicians and sending them to refresher courses in the fields in which they are offered.
Q.6. Opportunities available in industries for technical teachers to get industrial experience.
Q.7. Industry-Institute co-operation by way of mutual exchange of experts and by way of industry offering supervised training to students in special fields. A Proforma of the Questionnaire is annexed as Annexure 4.3.
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S. No. Address Field Allotted
5. Shri K. V. Varatharajan Automobile
Works Manager
M/s. Ashok Leyland Ltd, Ennore, Madras
6. Shri G. K. Devarajulu Textile Machinery
Chairman
Textile Machinery Dev. Council
Avanashi Road, Coimbatore-18
7. Shri Shriravi Kirloskar Electric Motors and
M/s. Kirloskar Elec. Co. Ltd. Generators
Industrial Suburb, Rajaji Nagar, Bangalore-3
8. Dr. S. M. Das Gupta General
Principal, Govindram Saksaria Technological
Institute, Indore-3.
9. Shri A. D. Chandrahari Paper Industry
Technical Director
West Coast Paper Mills
Srinivas House, Waudhby Road
Bombay-I
10. Shri K. Sreenivasan Textile Industry
Director
South India Textile Research Association
Coimbatore-14
11. Shri J. G. Parikh Artificial Fibre
Director Industry
The Silk and Art Silk Mills Research Association
Bombay-25 DD
12. Air Vice Marshall A. S. Bikhy Aeronautics
Managing Director
Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd
Hindustan Aircraft P. O. Bangalore-17
13. Shri B. R. R. Iyengar Electric Power
Member (Hydro-Elec.) generation and
West Block II, R. K. Puram New Delhi-22 distrubution system
14. Shri A. Subramaniam Electric Power
Chief Engineer generation and
State Electricity Board distribution system
157, Mount Road Madras-2
15. Prof. A. C. Pandya Agricultural
Head of Deptt. of Agri. Engg. Implements
Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur
16. Shri Nanubhai B. Amin Power Driven Pumps
Messrs. Jyoti Ltd, Baroda
17. Prof. J. N. Hate Automobiles
Prof. of Automobile Engineering
Victoria jubilee Technical Institute
Matunga, Bombay-19
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18. Shri S. P. Chitnis Cranes Messrs. Chitram & Co. Main Road, Madras-13
19. Shri K. V. Sardesai Tractors Chief Executive International Tractor Co. of India Ltd. Bombay
20. Shri S. K. Parthasarathy Bicycles Special Director Tube Investments of India Ltd Madras-I
21. Shri R. Muthuswamy Iron & Steel Messrs. Hindustan Steel Ltd Bhilai
22. Prof. P. J. Madan General Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda Baroda
23. Dr. V. Ramachandran General Regional Director National Productivity Council 21, 9th Main Raod, III Block West Jayanagar, Bangalore-ii
24. Lt. Gen. R. A. Loomba General Chairman The Institution of Engineers (India) 8, Gokhale Road, Calcutta-20
25. Shri K. Narayan General Secretary The Institution of Engineers (India) Andhra Pradesh Centre Khairatabad, Hyderabad-4
26. Shri J. S. Srinivasa Rao General General Manager The Mysore Paper Mills Ltd Bhadravati, Mysore
27. Shri I. J. Sharma General Deputy Director (TM & S) Central Water & Power Commission Yamuna Projects, Dehradun
28. Prof. K. U. Gosavi General Professor & Head, Department of Electrical Engg. Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi General
29. Shri B. L. Fernandez Iron & Steel Superintendent of Training Tata Iron & Steel Co. Ltd. Jamshedpur
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30. Shri B. Das Gupta Training Superintendent Machinery Manufacturers Corpn. Ltd. P/61B, Circular Garden Reach Road, Kidderpore, Calcutta-43
31. Shri R. Veerabasappa Iron & Steel Divisional Manager (IE) The Mysore Iron and Steel Ltd Bhadravati, Mysore State
32. Shri P. N. Pillai Railways Works Manager, S. & T. Workshops Podanur, Coimbatore
33. Shri Swarnendu Kumar Das General Principal Technical Teachers' Training Institute 7, Mourbhanj Road, Calcutta-23
34. Shri P. C. Mittra Ports Chief Mechanical Engineer Commissioners for the Port of Calcutta Calcutta
35. Shri P. B. Adur Cement The Associate Cement Cos. Ltd. Cement House 121, Maharashi Karve Road, Bombay-20
36. Shri B. K. M. Nair Eelectrical Industry Manager (Training) Heavy Electrical (India) Ltd Bhopal
37. Shri A. P. Mahadevan Vegetable Oils Hindustan Lever Ltd P.O. Box 409, Bombay
38. Shri C. S. Sridharan Agriculture Asstt. Director General (Engg) Indian Council of Agrl. Research Krishi Bhavan Dr. Rajendra Prasad Road, New Delhi-1
39. Shri S. G. Ramachandran Electric Motors Chief Engineer Kirloskar Eelectric Co. Ltd. Bangalore-3
40. Dr. V. Seshadri Mining and Metallurgy Asstt. Professor Deptt. of Metallurgical Engg Indian Institute of Technloogy Kanpur
41. Shri C. Sundaram. Chemicals Chief Superintendent, Training Fertilisers & Chemicals (Tray) Ltd. Udyogamandal P.O. Alwaye
ANNEXURE 4.2
CLASSIFIED LIST OF INDUSTRIES WHO REPLIED TO THE QUESTIONNAIRE
A.-ENGINEERING INDUSTRIES
I. Mechanical Engineering
1.01 Agricultural Implements
1.02 Power Driven Pumps 2
1.03 Diesel Engines ..
1.04 Sugar Mill Machinery ..
1.05 Textile Machinery 6
1.06 Automobiles 12
1.07 Cranes and other structural fabrications 3
1.08 Tractors and Agricultural Machines 3
1.09 Bicycles 2
1.10 Heavy Machines Building Industry 4
1.11 Railways 3
1.12 Navigational Industries-Shipping and
Port Maintenance 4
1.13 Aeronautics and Air Transport 2
1.14 Scientific Instruments ..
1.15 Tool Design and Machine Tools 2
2. Electrical Engineering
2.01 Airconditioning and Refrigeration ..
2.02 Electric Motors and Generators 10
2.03 Radios and T. V. Sets ..
2.04 Telephone Industries 1
2.05 Electronics Industries 6
2.06 Starters, Switches and Transformers ..
2.07 Heavy Electrical Industry 3
2.08 Electric Power Supply and Cables 9
3. Civil Engineering
3.01 Irrigation-Major and Minor ..
3.02 Buildings and Roads ..
3.03 Civil Engineerig and Structurals 14
4. Mining and Metallurgical Industries
4.01 Coal ..
4.02 Iron and Steel Industries (including Steel castings and forgings) 16 4.03 Copper Industries ..
4.04 Aluminium Industries ..
4.05 Others-Non-ferrous 6
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