331
332
1 2 3 4 5
5 Jammu & Kashmir ... Not indicated 15
6 Kerala.. Library Movement 45.00 25
7 Madhya Pradesh.. 1.Distribution of Radio
sets with the 41.36 35
objective of providing
a set for every pancha-
yat and every village
with a population of
500 and above.
2.Strengthening of seven
divisional 7.80
and forty-three radio
workshops.
3.Every Panchayat to be
served by a circulating
Library by the end of
fourth Plan. 47.499
4.Every Panchayat to be 31.75
provided a reading
room by end of fourth
Plan.
5.Running of Adult Liter-
acy Classes 289.835
6.Two non-official Kalap-
athak parties for every
block. 14.66
7.Production of Literature 7.82
440.724
8 Madras Not indicated 30
9 Maharashtra Details not available
(Regional Establishment
and control of 17 Mobile
Library Units in rural
areas). 35
10 Mysore. 1.Eradication of illiteracy
among adults. 630.00 35
2.Development of library
service in the State. 90.00
720.00
11 Nagaland 1.Social Education/Adult
Education Centres 4.50 0.10
2.Library in Educational
institutions 15.00
19.50
333
1 2 3 4 5
12 Orissa 1.Production of Social 6.00 30
Education Literature.
2.Removal of illiteracy 20.00
3.Starting of District
Libraries 4.43
4.State Libraries 15.00
5.Grants to Village Lib-
raries 7.00
6.Starting of block lib-
raries 4.16
56.61
13 Punjab Not indicated 32
14 Rajasthan 3rd Plan Schemes
New Schemes. 40.48 32
1.Eradication of illite-
racy. 64.00
2.Award of prizes to Pa-
nchayats 5.00
3.Supply of suitable books
for neo-literates. 16.00
4.Publication of weekly
newspapers. 7.36
5.Continuation of educa-
tion centre. 15.00
6.Adult Schools 3.47
7.Training camps and
seminars 5.00
8.Strengthening of admin-
istrative set-up at State
levels. 2.70
9.Grants to Social Education
Board. 7.50
10.Development Agencies for in-
formal education. 1.00
167.51
15 Uttar Pradesh 1. Supply of daily newspa-
pers to rural libraries. 1.93 40
The schemes on
2. Supply of daily newspa- adult literacy
pers to Primary School are being impl-
Libraries. 73.50 emented by C.D.
Department which
3. Strengthening of State
Central libraries. 9.81 organises adult
literacy classes
4. Strengthening of exist- other programmes
ing nine district Libr- of Social Educa-
aries. 9.14 tion.
5. Establishment of 25 new
libraries in the State. 42.79
137.17
334
1 2 3 4 5
16 West Bengal Social Education 300.00 35
17 Andaman & Nicobar 1. Social Education 1.176 0.20
Islands
2. Strengthening of
District Library 0.850
2.026
18 Delhi Central Library
(Details not furnished). - 6.00
19 Himachal Pradesh Not indicated - 10.00
20 L. M. & A.Islands Spreadingliteracy and
training health habits
and organisation of
women welfare centres. 0.25 0.25
21 Manipur Social Education 6.50 1.50
Central Library 2.00
8.50
22 N. E. F. A. Adult Education Centre 3.30 0.50
23 Pondicherry 1. Expansion of Adult
Literacy in Pondich-
erry. 1.91 0.50
2. Expansion of Library
Seminar 1.815
3.725
24 Tripura Social Education and
Library Service 67.16 1.00
25 Goa, Daman and Schemewise details not
Diu. indicated - 1.00
26 Dadra & Nagar Adult Education Progra-
Haveli mme not mentioned. - -
GRAND ToTAL 2235.085 500
ANNEXURE XXI
OUTLAY ON ADVANCED ACTION ON FOURTH FIVE YEAR PLAN SCHEMES/PRO-
JECTS TO BE UNDERTAKEN BY THE STATES IN 1965-66 Outlay as approved by the Planning commission for the Pilot Projects on Adult Literacy
S1. Name of the State Outlay for
No. 1965-66
(Rs. in lakhs)
1 Andhra Pradesh 0.75
2 Assam 0.75
3 Bihar 0.75
4 Gujarat 0.75
5 Jammu & Kashmir 0.75
6 Kerala 0.75
7 Madhya Pradesh 0.75
8 Madras 0.75
9 Mysore 0.75
10 Orissa 0.75
11 Punjab 0.75
12 Rajasthan 0.75
13 Uttar Pradesh 1.50
14 West Bengal 0.75
TOTAL 11.25
335
ANNEXURE XXII
PLANNING COMMISSION (EDUCATION DIVISION) Conference of State Education Ministers. June 5th, 1965. Venue: Srinagar Kashmir
Adult literacy and Economic Development 6th & 7th,
Adult literacy is an important programme which has to be linked effectively with economic development in the Fourth Plan. The percentage of literacy even after 10 years of planning, has increased from 17% in 1950-51 to 24% in 1960-61 only, while due to the rapid increase in population the number of illiterates has actually increased. Even among the literate population, a majority of the people can only read and write. This is clear from the table below which indicates comparative figures for the years 1951 and 1961.
LITERATE POPULATION BY EDUCATIONAL STANDARD IN 1951 AND 1961
(in millions)
1951 1961
Item Total %age to Total % age to
total
1 2 3 4 5
1. Literate persons with 55.442 93.6 97.100 92.2
Middle School qualifi-
cations and below.
2. Matriculation or S. L.
C. and I. A. Arts and 2.623 4.4 6.800 6.5
Science.
3. Graduate and post-graduate 1.141 2.0 1.395 1.3
Science, Teaching,
Agriculture, Veterinary,
Commerce, Law, Medicine,
Technical Diploma not equal
to degree etc.
4. Engineering (Degree) 0.036 0.06 0.049 0.05
TOTAL 59.242 100.00 105.344 100.0
Apart from this, if the literacy figures are broken down again in terms of urban and rural areas it will be found that literacy in rural areas is round about 16 to 17%. Again it will be observed that in rural areas the percentage of literacy among women is about
9. The figures shown in the following table-are revealing:
336
337
LITERACY IN 1961-MALES AND FEMALES IN URBAN AND RURAL AREAS
Rural Urban Total
1 2 3 4
(figures in millions)
I. Total population
Males 183.0 43.0 226.0
Females 177.0 36.0 213.0
Persons 360.0 79.0 439.0
II. Literate population
Males 53.0 25.0 78.0
Females 15.0 12.0 27.0
Persons 68.0 37.0 105.0
III. II as % age of I
Males 29.0 57.6 34.4
Females 8.5 34.6 13.0
Persons 19.0 47.1 24.0
2. Against this background of such massive illiteracy in the rural areas it would be difficult to Visualise a high and accelerated rate of economic growth. In advanced Countries which have had the benefit of an earlier start in matters of economic development, it was possible to secure complete literacy in the course of 40 to 50 years by way of universal compulsory education. What the other advanced countries took 100 years or so to achieve India wants to do in a period of two or three decades. It is not, therefore, possible to wait till the population reaches a stage of universal literacy by the process of children growing into literate and educated adults that will take us another 30 to 40 years. One of the reasons for the failure of many development schemes like agricultural production, family planning,cooperatives, panchayati raj institution the lack of functional literacy among the majority of the population in rural areas. Merely putting fertilisers,seeds and other aids in