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b2.rm90
TABLE II
CENTRAL AND CENTRALLY SPONSORED SCHEMES
S Name of Scheme Outlay Expenditure
No. State Central Total State Central Total
share sharp share share
1 Expansion of Girls
education-Construc-
tion of Quarters 2.75 8.26 11.01 2.75 8.26 11.01
2 Rural Institute, 0.60 1.52 2.12 0.63 1.67 2.30
Birauli
3 Opening of New Train-
ing Schools - - - - 27.67 27.67
4 Pilot Project for Science
Teaching in Elementary
Schools 0.07 0.07 - 0.04 0.04
5 Construction of Hostels
in Girls High Schools 1.68 1.68 - 1.68 1.68
6 Loan for Construction
of Hostels in Colleges
and Secondary Schools - 1.98 1.98 - 1.98 1.98
ToTAL 3.35 - - 3.38 41.30 44.68
It will be noticed that a sum of Rs. 4.91 lakhs has been spent in excess of the approved ceiling in the State plan. The excess expenditure has been met by adjustments from other heads of developments
2. The greatest single factor which caused shortfall in expenditure under the elementary education was non-implementation of the scheme of mid-day meals to primary and middle school children. The excess of expenditure under university education was due to establishment of two more universities in the State and introduction of the scheme of 3-year degree course in colleges. A shortfall of about Rs. 9 lakhs under the physical education and youth welfare activities resulted due to slow progress of construction work of stadium, buildings of Government College of Physical Education and N.C.C. The same reasons attribute to the shortfall of expenditure in the Schemes of sanskrit education and other schemes.
3. The selected physical targets visualised and achieved in different fields of general education during the year are given below :-
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TABLE III
SELECTED PHYSICAL TARGETS
Item Unit Position Targets for Achieve- Position Remarks
in 1960-61 ment in in
1959-60 1960-61 1960-61
A-Institutions
(a) Primary schools
(including Jr. Basic) No. 34,108 3,892 3,205 37,313
(b) Middle schools
(including Sr. Basic) No. 4,140 300 268 4,408
(c) Secondary schools
(High/Higher Secondary/
Multipurpose) No. 1,428 72 87 1,515
Multipurpose No. 79 - 1 80
Higher Secondary No. 70 - 30 100
B-Enrolment
(a) Age-group 6-11
(Classes I-V) Total 29,36,972 2,63,028 2,47,523 31,84,495
Boys 22,57,001 1,42,999 1,90,557 24,47,558
Girls 6,79,971 1,20,029 56,966 7,36,937
(b) Age-group 11-14
(classes VI III) Total 4,82,319 67,681 58,755 5,41,074
Boys 4,34,134 55,866 51,594 4,85,728
Girls 48,185 11,815 7,161 55,346
(c) Age-group 14-17
(classes IX-XI) Total 2,76,616 33,384 49,850 3,26,466
Boys 2,60,411 29,589 45,311 3,05,722
Girls 16,205 3,795 4,539 20,744
C-Percentage of enrolment to the corresponding population of children
Age-group 1959-60 1960-61
Boys Girls Total Boys Girl's Total
(a) 6-11 (classes I-V) 76.8 23.4 50.2 80.0 26.9 53.5
(b) 11-14 (classes VI-VIII) 31.8 3.5 17.8 34.3 4.2 19.4
(c) 14-17 (classess IX-XI) 21.2 1.3 11.3 23.0 1.5 12.4
4. The table given below (No. IV) gives an account of schola ships and stipends created for students reading in various streams of general education till the end of the Second Five Year Plan. The figures do not include scholarships and stipends awarded by the universities and welfare and other departments of Government.
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TABLE No. IV
SCHOLARSHIPS AND STIPENDS
A-Merit scholarships
Sl. On the results of No. Rate Period of award Remarks
No.
1. U.P. scholarship exam. 400 10/- 2 years
2. Middle scholarship exam. 300 15/- 4 years
3. High School exam.
(a) General
(i) First grade 10 45/- 1 year
(ii) Second grade 26 42/- 1 year
(iii)Third grade 60 40/- 1 year
B Special for girls
(i) First grade 30 43/- 50% of these scholarships are
reserved for Bihari girls hav-
ing Hindi or Urdu as mother
tongue.
(ii) Second grade 20 42/-
(iii)Third grade 10 40/-
4. Higher secondary and 73 50/- 3 years in degree course and
pre-university Exam. one year in pre-professional
course.
5. Sanskrit Examinations
(a) New syllabuses
(i) Prathama Exam. 8 10/- 2 years
(ii) Purva Madhyama Exam. 8 10/- 2 years
(iii) Uttar Madhyama Exam. 6 15/- 3 years
(iv) Shastri Exam. 4 20/- 2 years
(b) Old syllabuses
(i) Prathama Exam. 4 10/- 1 year
(ii) Madhyama Exam.
Part- I 4 10/- 1 year
(iii) Part- II 4 10/- 1 year
(iv) Part-III 4 15/- 1 year
(V) Shastri Exam. Part-I 4 15/- 1 year
(vi) Part-II 4 20/- 1 year
(vii) Acharya Exam. Part-I 4 20/- 1 year
6. Arabic & Persian Exams.
(i) Faquania Exam. 5 12/- 2 years
(ii) Maulvi Exam. 4 15/- 2 years
(iii) Alim Exam. 4 20/- 2 year
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B-Merit-cum-poverty stipends
Sl. Category No. Rate (Rs.) Period of Remarks
No. award
1. Class VI-VII 1200 10/- 2 years
2. Class VIII-IX
(a) Boys 300 15/- Do
(b) Girls 400 15/- Do
3. Class X-XI
(a) Boys 400 15/- Do
(b) Girls 450 15/- Do
4. Pre-University 1000 40/- 1 year
5. Three-Year Degree Course 250 40/- 3 years
6. M.A. 36 30/- 2 years
7. M.Sc. 20 35/- 2 years
8. M.Com. 4 30/- 2 years
9. M.B.B.S. 50 40/- 5 years
10. B.Sc. (Engg.) 50 40/- 4 years
11. B.Sc. (Agri.) 20 30/- 3 years
12. B.Sc. (Vet.) 8 30/- 4 years
13. M.Sc. (Eng., Agri., Vet.) 8 35/- 2 years
14. Training & Law 40 30/- 2 years
15. Ayurvedic & Tibbi 20 35/- 1 year
16. Dip-in-Art (Fine) 10 25/- 5 years
17. Handicapped
(Blind, Deaf and Dumb) 300 25/- 1 year
Proposals for revision of rates of stipends mentioned against serial number 5 to 14 are under consideration. Lump sum amounts were sanctioned for giving free-studentships to school students and admission fee, examination fee and book-grants to college students. Four study leave scholarships for officers and teachers of the department for higher training in foreign countries were also sanctioned.
ELEMENTARY AND BASIC EDUCATION 5. As against an approved outlay of 210.09 lakhs for opening and expansion of primary and middle schools including establishment of teacher units under the scheme of "Relief to educated Unemployed", an expenditure of Rs. 22 1,95 lakhs has been incurred during the year 1960-61
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With this amount it was possible to continue 15,515 teacher units established till the end of 1959-60 and to create 4,850 additional teacher units during the year under report.
6. It was expected that by the end of the Second Five Year Plan about 38,000 primary schools and 3,800 middle schools would be set up. The latest statistics, however, show that 37,313 primary schools and 4,408 middle schools existed on 31.3.1961. It will be seen that the number of primary and middle schools, taken together, closely approximates the target envisaged although there has been some shortfall in the number of primary schools and slight increase in the number of middle schools.
The chief reason might be, upgrading of primary schools to middle schools having classes I-VII together.
7. These are the following categories of primary and middle schools in the State:
(i) Primary schools with classes I-III
(ii) Primary schools with classes I-V
(iii) Middle schools with classes I-VII
(iv) Middle schools with classes IV-VII
(v) Middle schools with classes VI-VII
(vi) Senior Basic schools with classes I-VIII.
Normally class VIII forms part of high/higher secondary schools this State. Most of the secondary schools established prior to 1949 have classes IV to VII or VI to VII attached to them. It is, therefore, not possible to categories the number of teachers engaged for classes I-V and VI-VIII separately. The total number of teachers engaged in classes I-VII of primary and middle schools and in classes I-VIII of Senior Basic schools on 31 3.1961 was 83,890. The number of teachers working in primary schools on 31.3.61 however, was 59,096.
8. Keeping in view the achievement of enrolment in classes I-V in 1959-60, the overall, Second Plan target of 30 lakhs children was raised to 32 lakhs. The actual achievement was, however, 31,84,495 comprising 24,47,558 boys and 7,36,937 girls. There was an excess of 47,558 in enrolment of boys but a short fall of about 53,000 in enrolment of girls. It seems that the revised targets for enrolment of boys and girls were not well conceived. Special enrolment drive for bringing children of age-group 6-11 to schools was conducted in January, 1961. The Act of compulsory primary education was enforced in 40 additional Development Blocks with effect from June, 1960, bringing the total number of Blocks under this programme to 57.
As against the expected enrolment of 5,50,000 children in the age group 11-14, the actual achievement during the year was 5,41,074. The shortfall of about 9,000 children was equally divided amongst the boys and girls.
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9. Out of the 100 percent grant received from Government of India, 17 new teachers' training schools were opened during 1960-61. Besides these 21 training schools opened during 1959-60 and the 63 old training schools were improved and expanded. Now, there are in all, 101 teachers' training schools directly managed by the State Government. All these training institutions run a full course of two years duration. The total number of seats added in them during 1960- 61 was 7,325 bringing the total capacity to 17,800. Besides these, 11 teachers training schools having capacity of 440 trainees are run by voluntary organisations and managing committees. Although the exact out-turn of trained teachers during 1960-61 is not available, it is expected that it has exceeded 5000. Out of a total of 83,890 teachers engaged in primary and middle schools in the State, 56,922 teachers i.e. 67.8% were trained. The syllabus of training schools has recently been revised. This has made incumbant on the State Government to reorganise these institutions on Basic lines.
19. A sum of Rs. 55.08 lakhs was spent on meeting the additional cost on improvement of salary scales of primary and middle school teachers during the year. No additional improvement in the scales of pay or allowances was, however, sanctioned. It has been decided that all the newly opened primary schools should be of Basic type. Steps have been taken to introduce teaching of craft in traditional middle schools. About 10,000 teachers have been given orientation training till the end of 1960-61. Integrated syllabus has been introduced up to class V. Grants for construction of 895 additional rent free quarters to female teachers of primary and middle schools were also given. This Will bring the total number of quarters to 2137.
SECONDARY EDUCATION 11. As against an approved outlay of Rs. 108.63 lakhs for schemes of secondary education for the year 1960-61, an expenditure of Rs. 110.75 lakhs has been incurred. The targets of establishment of secondary schools and enrolments therein have exceeded the targets fixed for the year. Compared to the percentage of boys, the percentage of girls of age-group 14-17 in schools is very poor. but of 19,902 teachers serving in various types of secondary schools, 8,323 teachers were trained and 1, 102 were women teachers. Out of 1, 515 fully and partially recognised secondary schools, there were 80 multipurpose schools including one residential school and 100 higher secondary schools. 63 of the recognised schools were exclusively meant for girls. The multipurpose schools provided at least three optional streams and the higher secondary schools provided either two or only one stream. The number of multipurpose and higher secondary schools converted during 1960-61, was 1 and 30, respectively. The number of newly recognised high schools in the year was 87. 72 high schools were given grants for improvement of libraries, 215 high schools were given grants for expansion of buildings, 700 high schools were given grants for introducing teaching of general science, 51 higher secondary schools were given grants for extension of laboratory accommodation and 31 higher secondary schools were given grants for purchase of equipments and laboratory furnishings. Although the extent of shortage of science teachers has not yet been assessed, the greatest handicap in introducing teaching of elective or even general
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science is non-availability of science graduates. In most of the high schools, situated in rural areas, where there is no provision of teaching of elective science, the instruction in general science is imparted by I.Sc. teachers. In a number of high and higher secondary schools, elective science is also taught by simple graduate science teachers although the minimum qualification of a science teacher prescribed for teaching science ill higher secondary schools is an Honours graduate. A scheme for popularising science teaching in secondary schools has been prepared and is likely to be introduced soon.
12. The secondary school teachers whose total monthly emoluments were less than Rs. 100/- were given an additional dearness allowance of Rs. 8/- and the remaining were given an additional dearness allowance of Rs. 3/- only. The teachers of schools recognised after 1956-57 who were not getting Government dearness allowance were also allowed dearness allowance of Rs. 20/- or Rs. 15/- according to their emoluments.
UNIVERSITY AND HIGHER EDUCATION 13. 17 new colleges for general education were granted affiliation by the various universities bringing the total number of such colleges to 109 in the State on 31.3.1961. Of these, 11 colleges were exclusively for girls. The exact position of increase in enrolment of students in these colleges during 1960-61 is not yet available. However, it is expected that the total enrolment has gone up from 76,472 to about 85,000. About 20,000 of these students are expected to have been studying science. The number of girls reading in 1959-60 in general colleges was 4,780.
14. Patna and Bihar Universities were reorganised into four Regional Universities during 1960-61. There were 65 post-graduate departments in all the universities. The distribution was: Patna Uni- versity-35, Bihar University-13, Ranchi University-11 and Bhagalpur University-6. Three-year degree course was introduced simultaneously in all the universities and 62 colleges which had an enrolment of above 400 and all the women's colleges were given non-recurring grants by the University Grants Commission and the State Government, in equal proportions, for expansion of accommodation and/or purchase of equi- pments, for introducing this scheme. The remaining colleges which had less than 400 enrolment were expected to introduce this reform of their own. The newly established universities were given grants for acquisition of campus and construction. of buildings. They were also given grants for construcution of hostels, non-resident students' centres, students' health centres. etc. 1000 merit-cum-poverty stipends for students of pre-university classes and 250 merit-cum- poverty stipends for students of 3-year degree course and professional courses of the value of Rs. 40/- each for students obtaining 70% or above marks at high school and pre-university or higher secondary school examinations, respectively, were given. The rates of merit scholarships for students passing high school examination were increased from Rs. 20-40/- to Rs. 40/-45. 73 merit scholarships of Rs. 50/- each were also sanctioned for students obtaining 75% or above marks at the pre-university and the higher secondary school examinations.