APPENDIX A (c) REPORT ON THE PROGRESS OF EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLANS IMPLEMENTED BY THE STATE GOVERNMENTS
BIHAR
PRIMARY EDUCATION The following table gives the number of gazetted and non-gazetted posts of Inspecting Officers sanctioned and filled up during 1956-57 :-
Sub-Inspectors Deputy Deputy
Inspectors Inspectresses
New posts-sanctioned
during 1956-57 222 9 41
New filled up 153 Nil 5
The reason for non-appointment to the sanctioned, posts was non- availability of enough trained persons. As almost all the appointments were made at the close of the year only a sum of Rs. 0.74 lakhs could be spent.
Training of Teachers-In the matter of training of teachers and Inspecting officers in the field of Primary education, substantial progress was recorded. The building construction in 40 Junior Training schools was taken up and furniture and equipment for all Junior and Senior Training schools were purchased to enable them to increase enrolment from 100 to 200 trainees in each school. 1050 teachers (50 in each of 19 schools and 100 in one school) were trained in all the 20 Senior Training schools. 44 teachers, 38 clerks and 76 inferior staff were appointed for the 40 Junior Training schools and 200 inferior staff during the whole Second Plan. Besides regular trainees in these schools, 1000 untrained teachers were trained in short training course (five months' duration). Refresher courses and seminars for teachers and Inspecting officers at State, Divisional and District levels were held, the total number of participants being 1100. A sum of Rs. 0.20 lakhs was spent on holding these seminars. 28 teachers and 17 Inspecting Officers could also receive Basic training at Wardha.
There is a scheme for the training of and refresher courses for women teachers. A sum of Rs. 2.17 lakhs was provided in 1956-57, out of which a sum of Rs. 0.15 lakhs was spent. The target of 90 trainees during 1956-57 could not be achieved as only 55 trainees joined the training course. The training of school-mothers was also introduced during 1956-57. But after imparting training of one batch of 35 trainees, it was felt that the scheme required some modification and hence further training was postponed.
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Expansion and Improvement-During 1956-57, 800 teachers units were sanctioned. 1725 teachers' units were also sanctioned under expansion and improvement programme out of Finance Commission grants. With these 2525 teachers' units, 770 new schools have been opened and additional teachers have been appointed in a number of existing schools on account of increase in enrolment and upgrading of Lower Primary schools to Upper Primary schools. The increase in enrolment in Primary and Middle schools during 1956-57 was 2,18,667 as against the estimate of 88,375 pupils.
Specialised craft-teaching was introduced in 225 Middle schools during the first Five-Year Plan period. During the Second Plan period it has been decided to introduce craft-teaching in 250 schools. 14 schools were taken up during the year under report.
A number of Primary and Middle schools were opened while the Community Project Administration was in operation during 1952-53 in Bihar. After relapse of these C. D. Blocks into N.E.S. Blocks, the cost of maintaining the schools has to be met from the State education budget and for this a sum of Rs. 6.30 lakhs was credited in 1956-57 to the District Education Funds for the payment of salaries and allowances etc. to teachers of Basic schools in the connected Blocks.
40 headmasters who are graduates, trained in Basic education, have also been appointed for 40 Senior Basic schools.
Improvement in the Salary Scales of Teachers-The pay scales of the Primary and Middle School teachers were substantially increased. A sum of Rs. 335.00 lakhs has been provided for the entire second Plan period out of which a sum of Rs. 15.12 lakhs was spent in giving the upgraded scale of pay with effect from 1-4-1956. Daring 1956-57 the full target of 2000 untrained teachers to be replaced by trained ones was achieved.
Buildings-There is a provision for renovation of 13510 building of Primary and Middle schools and for which a sum of Rs. 27. 00 lakhs has teen provided in the Plan. 270 buildings were taken up during 1956-57 for renovation at Rs.2,000 per buildings, the total amount spent being Us. 5.40 lakhs.
One of the drawbacks in girls' education is the absence of residential accommodation for lady teachers in the school premises, specially in the rural areas. The State Government sanctioned Rs. 2.50 lakhs during 1956-57 for construction of 100 quarters for female teachers at Rs. 2,500 per quarter. Similarly a sum of Rs. 5.08 lakhs for construction of office-cum residences for 81 Sub-Inspectors of Schools and another sum of Rs. 6.30 lakhs for construction of offices for 14 District Superintendents of Education were sanctioned during the period under report.
The total amount of expenditure under Primary education (exclusive of girls' education special) during 1956-57 comes to Rs. 73.445 lakhs out of a sum of Rs. 83.15 lakhs provided.
SECONDARY EDUCATION Administration-Inspection and Supervisory staff-The following table gives the number of Inspecting Offcers and ministerial staff sanctioned and
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filed up during 1956-57.
District Sub-Divisional Statistical
Education Education Assistants
Officers Officers
Posts sanctioned 17 41 17
Posts filled up Nil Nil 17
For the entire Plan period a sum of Rs. 54.37 lakhs was provided out of which Rs. 7.96 lakhs have been provided for 1956-57. As appointment of officers could not be made and only 17 statistical assistants could be appointed expenditure was limited to Rs. 0.07 lakhs only.
Training of Teachers-It has been decided to expand four of the existting five Post-Graduate Teachers Training colleges to admit 50 more graduates in each of them 50 seats were increased in Teachers Training college, Bhagalpore for which one additional post of lecturer was sanctioned. The State Government sactioned the establishment of a special wing at the Reformatory School, Hazaribagh for training teachers in craft like dyeing, printing, leathercraft, book binding etc. as these subjects have been introduced in Middile, High, Higher Secondary and Multipurpose Higher Secondary schoolse. The appointment of Instructors and some non-gazetted staff was made towards the close of the financial year and so the training could not start in time. ever 100 teachers ve undergoing training with effect from 15th April, 1957.
A Bureau of Educational and Vocational Giudance has also been established for traialng school-counsellors and teacher-counsellors who after completion of their training are expected to give guidance to pupils from the age of about 14 onwards in selecting the elective groups best suited to their aptitude. 21 teacher-connsellors could be trained during 1956-57 incurring an expenditure of Rs. 0.21 lakhs. Six school-counsellors have been under training from January 1957 who will complete their training in December 1957. The State Government have sanctioned establishment of four training centres for music one each at the four Divisional headquarters. These training centres have been attached to the Government Girls' High schools. Three posts of mistresses in each of the centres have been sanctioned and the allotted sum of Rs. 0-20 lakhs for 1956757 was saiwtioned for purchase of musical instruments and contingencies.
Improvement and Expansion-At the rate of 10 schools every year, 50 Government High schools are to be converted into Multipurpose Higher Secondary schools with a provision of Rs. 105.20 lakhs during the whole Plan period. The fixed target of converting 10 High school could not be achieved during 1956-57. This deficiency is expected to be made up during 1957-58 by converting 20 schools. This results in a heavy shortfall in expenditure. 110 non-Government High schools are to be converted into Higher Secondary schools in course of the Second Five-Year Plan. During 1956-57, 22 nonGovernment High schools were converted into Higher Secondary schools.
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Improvement in the teaching of core subjects in 80 schools was achieved against the initial target of 20 schools for the year. For the improvement of 300 school libraries, Rs. 5.00 lakhs has been. provided for the whole Plan period. Grants of Rs. 1.00 lakh were sanctioned to 60 schools for this purpose. For financing the improvement of building furniture and teaching equipment in non- Government Hiigh schools necessitated by the introduction of the revised syllabus in various subjects, a sum of Rs. 20.00 lakhs has been provided for the whole Plan period; 32 non-Government High schools were given building grants and 100 such schools were given grants for science equipment 234 more High schools also received grants for purchase of scientific equipment 55 subsidised High schools were also established and given grants.
With the provision of diversified courses through the Multi- purpose Higher Secondary schools and even through the ordinary Higer Secondary schools to some extent it has now become important to enable the students to select for themselves the particular courses most suited to their aptitude and most significant to their future.
This underlines the State Government decision to appoint one schoolcounsellor in U.D. of S.E.S. in every Government High school. Provision for appointment of 10 such school-counsellors was made during 1956-57 out of which only nine could be appointed; but of these nine, only six are undergoing training at present. The rest have resigned their posts.
Raising of Salary Scale of Teachers of non-Government High Schools-The State Government have approved the following schemes for giving benefit to the teachers of non-Government High schools and general improvement of these schools :-(i) improvement in pay scales, (ii) Government contribution to provident fund of teachers, (iii) lump-sum grants to schools, (iv) efficiency grants, (v) D. A. to teachers, (vi) Science grants, and (vii) lump-sum grants to unrecognised or partially recognised High schools in educationally backward areas.
Improvement in Pay Scales-The State Government have decided to lay down the following model scales of pay for teachers and others employed in non-Government Secondary, schools. The initial increase has, however, been staggered in such a manner that no teacher or any employee fails to reach initial stage of the scales of pay by April 1959.
The pay is so fixed that all teachers get some benefit from this upgrading And that the seniority of none is effected. This scheme was given effect to with affect from April 1957.
Category of teachers Existing scales of pay Upgraded scales of pay
Rs. Rs.
1. Headmaster 150- 5- 200- (up to 200 175-10-275 (up to
pupils) 200 pupils)
175-5-225 (from 201 200-10-300 (more than
to 500 pupils) 200 pupils)
200-5-250 (more than
500 pupils)
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Category of teachers Existing scale of pay Upgradded scales of pay
Rs. Rs.
2. Trained Graduate. 75-4-95-EB-5 100-5-125-EB-4-
-120-3-150 145-EB-3-175
3. (i) Untrained Graduate 75-4-95-EB-5-120 100-5-125-EB-4
145-EB-3-175
(ii) I.A.,I.Sc., Or I.Com,
Trained 60-2-80-EB-2-100 70-3-85-EB-4-
(iii) Acharya and Fazil 105-2-115
4. (i) I.A.I.Sc.I.Com.
(ii) Matric Trained 45-2-EB-2-75 50-2-70-EB-2-90
(iii) Shastri and Alim
5. (i) Untrained Matricu
late 40-1-50-EB-1-60 40-2-50 EB-1-60
(ii) Madhayama
(iii) Maulvis
6. M.M.C.T. 40-1-50-EB-1-60 40-2-50-EB-1-61
-EB-2-75
7. Non-Matriculate, Trai- 35-2-45-EB-1-50 45-2-55-EB-2-75
ned
8. Clerks 35-2-45-EB-1-55 45-2-55-EB-2-75.
9. Menials 17 1/2-1/2-25 22 1/2-1/2-271 1/2
Government Contribution to Provided Fund of Teachers-It has been decided by the Government that a fund be created to which teachers and make their contribution and that Government secure into the fund, contribution from Government or Managing Committee in equal proportion making an amount equivalent to the contribution of teachers and clerks but not exceeding 1/16 of the total salaries actually drawn by such teachers and clerks. A sum of Rs. 9,96,864 was transferred from the. consolidated fund of the State to Public Accounts Fund for this purpose out of which Rs.8,61,537 was debited under the normal head, being Government share for the period 1949-56 and Rs. 1,35,327 was debited to the Second Five-Year Plan Head as Government share for the year 1956-57.
A sum of Rs. 6,00,000 was sanctioned to the schools recognized after 31-3-1949 as lump-sum grant for meeting their recurring deficit; another sum of Rs. 34,500 was sanctioned to selected schools as efficiency grants. Teachers appointed on or before 30-11-1951 were paid D.A. at Rs. 12 from the Government fund. The State Government have allowed this privilege to the teachers appointed after that date but on or before 31-3-1957. A sum of Rs. 3,73,440 was spent as D.A. to teachers. It has also been decided to give grants to schools for teaching Science and Every-day Science. To begin with, a sum of Rs. 2,24,000 was sanctioned to 234 High Schools for purchase of science equipment. No grant could be sanctioned to partially or unrecognised High schools during 1956-57 due to late sanction of the scheme.
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Special Residential School-The State Government started a residential school at Netarhat in the year 1954-55 wherein admission is made on the basis of competitive examination and psychological and medical tests. In 1956-57 three posts of Assistants Master in the scale of Rs. 350-750 were created along with posts of laboratory assistants, accounts clerks, canteen manager, store keepers, pressman- cum-compositor, The mechanic drivers and ashram-sevaks etc.
The total expenditure under Secondary education schemes had been Rs. 37.44 lakhs.
GIRLS' EDUCATION There are 40 Government Girls' Middle schools in the State. During 1956-57 music teaching was started in eight Government Girls' Middle schools. Funds were also sanctioned for purchase of furniture and library books. in each of the forty Government Girls' Middle schools. 20 chassis of buses for 20 Government Middle schools were also purchased. For the improvement and expansion of non-Government Girls' Middle schools a sum of Rs. 5.00 lakhs was provided in the Plan out of which Rs. 1.00 lakh were provided, for 1956-57. A sum of Rs. 0.50 lakh recurring, was spent in giving grants to deserving non- Government Middle school to meet their`deficit while the other Rs. 0.50 lakh, non-recurring, was distributed as special grants to meet the cost of construction of dormitories staff quarters or construction for extension of school buildings.
Under the scheme of promotion of Girls' education at Secondary level chassis of six buses wore purchased at a cost of Rs. 1,35,998. The body building will be provided this year. Training Centres were established at the four Divisional headquarters attached to Government Girls' High Schools for training lady teachers in music and dance. Three hostels, one each for Government Girls' High schools at Patna, Darbhanga, and Hazaribagh were opened during the year under report. As regards non-Government Girls' High schools a sum of Rs. 1,72,250 was sanctioned for construction of dormitories and teachers quarters, Rs. 1,40,000,for purchase of conveyance, and Rs. 2,00,000 comprising Rs. 1,00,000 for construction for extension of school buildings and Rs. 1,00,000 for, meeting recurring deficit were sanctioned during 1956-57.
A sum of Rs. 35,000 was paid to three voluntary organizations at Chapra, Gaya, and Jamashedpur for running tutorial classes for preparing girls. for college examination. Three women's colleges located at Ranchi, Bhagalpur and Muzaffarpur were placed. on the footing of deficit grant colleges.
UNIVERSITY EDUCATION AND RESEARCH For the development of Bihar Rashtrabhasha Parishad the post of director has been upgraded from class II to class I of Bihar Educatioal service. Besides, this, the posts of one, more gazetted officer four non-gazetted, officers, 7 clerks and 9 grade IV servants have also been sanctioned. About 10 acres of land has been acquired and possession taken for the construction of building for the Parishad in the Rajendra Nagar area in Patna. The cost of land acquisition has been, deposited in suspense account for disbursement to the claimants.
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For accommodating post-graduate classes in Arts of the Patna University, the building at Patna belonging to Maharajadhiraja, Darbhanga has been purchased at a cost of Rs. 6,00,000.
There has been an increase in Science seats at all stages in the Bihar and Patna Universities in the course of the year. Number of seats increased in all Faculties is as follows :-
M. Sc. (Patna University)-45 seats
M. Sc. (Bihar University)-64 seats
I.Sc. (Bihar University)-1872 seats (in different colleges) Post- graduate Studies in