APPENDIX A (c) : REPORT ON THE PROGRESS OF EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLANS IMPLEMENTED BY THE STATE GOVERNMENTS.
Bombay The financial year 1955-56 is the last year of the First Five Year Plan commencing 1951-52. During this period, the Government of India launched various schemes in the field of education, one of them being the scheme of relief of unemployment among the educated. During the year 1955-56 in all 14,000 teachers were sanctioned by the Gov- ernment of India to relieve educated unemployment. The Government of Bombay took the advantage of this allotment to introduce various schemes in the field of Primary Education. With the help of 6000 additional teachers sanctioned by the Government of India, during the last two years, the Government of Bombay covered with schools almost all the villages with a population of 500 and over and also with a population of less than 500, (except some stray villages having a population of less than 200), by opening either new schools or group schools serving a number of villages around 'a centrally situated village. In places where only two villages could be served, a peripatetic teacher was appointed to serve both the villages. Such a peripatetic teacher works in both the villages alternately. As a result of the above measures, it has been possible to provide schools or schooling facilities in as many as 32,000 villages out of the total number of about 34,000 villages of the State thus leaving about 2.000 villages without any schooling facilities. The population of these remaining villages is too meagre i. e. less than 200 and they are also separated by geographical and natural barriers. Under the above mentioned scheme, upto the end of March, 1956 in all 9, 388 villagers were provided with schools or schooling facilities by the appintment of 5,343 teachers.
In addition to the above, with the help of a further 3000 teachers sanctioned by Government of India, compulsory primary edu- cation which was introduced in 2,507 places having a population of 1000 and over according to the 1951 census where there was no com- pulsion so far from 1-8-1954, during the year 1954-55 for the children of the age-group 7-8, was further extended to children of the agerange 7-9 during the year 1955-56. Under this scheme upto the end of March, 1956 in all 1,94,721 children of the age-range 7-9 were brought under compulsion by the appointment of 2664 teachers. The percentage of children enrolled to the total number of 2,27,606 children of that age-range liable for compulsion was 85.5.
As a result of the decision of Government to open Distt. School Boards Schools in village schools-less in pursuance of the policy
92
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of the Govt. of India to relieve educated unemployment, in a number of cases, the managements of private primary schools have closed down their schools conducted by them in small villages so that, such schools may be taken over by District School Boards concerned. In order to fill in the vacuum thus created and to see that children in the places concerned are not left unprovided for, Government have decided to allow the District School Boards concerned to open their own schools in villages rendered school-less as a result of closure of private primary schools and in veiw of this as many as 3049 District School Board schools were opened with the help of 3446 teachers upto the end of March, 1956.
In view of the rapid expansion of compulsion in the State, the State Government felt it necessary to amend the Bombay Primary Education Act, 1947 with a veiw to speeding up the enforcement of compulsion under sections 35 and 36 of the Act. Under this amendment, Primary school Panchayats have been constituted in all villages where compulsion prevails, so that the offences against the law of compulsion can be speedily decided by these Panchayats. In places where a judicial Magistrate holds his court or a Nyaya Panchayat already exists, the offences will continue to be tried by these agencies and no school Panchayats are constituted at these places. The experiment has been launched recently and it is hoped that the Panchayats will help in the enforcement of compulsion. As the three members who constitute the Panchayat, belong to the village itself, they are expected to take keen and personal interest in improving the attendance of the school in their own village.
Construction of Primary School Buildings During the year 1955-56 the District Building Committees have completed the construction of 428 school buildings and the total cost on their construction amounted to Rs. 78,828/-. About 597 school buildings were still under construction at the end of the year and the total estimated cost for their construction amounts of Rs. 64,73,529/-
During the year 519 sites were finally selected for the construc- tion of school buildings.
Total popular contribution collected by the District Building Committees during the year amounts to Rs. 33,88,041/-.
During 1955-56 the total amounts of Rs. 49,99,897/- and Rs. 1,26,023/- were paid as Building Loan and Building Grants respectively for the building programme of the District Building Committees.
SOCIAL EDUCATION Community Centres - First Five-Year Plan of Educational Development Schemes, 15 Community Centres were started in the three compact Areas of the State viz. Dhulia, Dharwar and Rajapipla during the year 1955-56. The centres are conducted by heads of local schools in Cooperation with the village committees. Each centre has been equipped with a cupboard, two petromaxes, equipment for dramatic performances, a gramophone (with records), ring tennis, medicine chest, etc. Big entertainment Programmes are held in the
94
open. Each centre is provide with a "Sabha Mandap". So far the centres have done remarkably good work in the field of recreational activities such as games, Bhajans, Wrestling bouts, etc. The women classes in needle-work and sewing are also doing good work. The most useful activity in these centres is the medicine chest. Each centre is equipped with a specially designed large medicine chest containing equipment and large stock of Medicine to treat minor common ailments, such as headache, cough and cold, Influenza, Malaria, Scabbies, ring- work and lice, etc.
The following table gives the information of the Programmes etc. arranged in the Community Centres during the year;
No. of No. of No. of No. of No. of No. of No. of No. of No. of
Social adults Village adults sewing women cultural adults & persons
Edn. on rolls libra- made classes taking & other children attended
Class ries literate advantage Progra- treated the prog-
of the mmes for rammes
sewing Common etc.
classes ailments
45 1034 15 554 19 366 1675 10645 66247
The Community Centres have put new life among the villagers by providing them with a social platform. The programmes at these centres are numerous and varied. The villagers have been appreciating the activities carried on in these centres. The Centres are instru- mental in bringing into existence several forms of cooperative action and in the gradual improvement of the general standard of life of the villagers concerned.
Integrated Library Service -The Integrated Library service was inaugurated late in the year. 1954-55. The Scheme was introduced in 300 villages in the three compact Areas - Dhulia, Dharwar and Rajpipla - 100 villages for each areas. In order to facilitate the work of circulating the boxes these villages have been divided into 24 circuits, each circuit including 12 to 13 villages. Each circuit was supplied 12 to 13 circulating boxes with the arrangement that each box was to move on to next village every month so that each village on given circuit could take advantage of atleast 12 circulating boxes in the cource of the year. Books worth Rs. 45,000/- were purchased during the year 1954-55 and 1955-56 for the scheme. The libraries are housed in District School Board Schools and are-in charge of the head masters. The Scheme has supplied a real-felt need of the villagers who can read and write. It is proving very helpful in keeping alive interest in books of literate persons and incouraging educated ones to read more and more. The following gives necessary information about the Scheme
(i) No. of books in stock 31,864
(ii) No. of books lent or issued 82,537
(iii) No. of Readers 79,188
Literacy Workshop - With a veiw to stepping up the production of suitable literature for adults a six week's course was organised for writers in Marathi at Bhor in Poona District. 20 selected writers
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attended the workshop. Some selected Books produced at the workshop have been published by Government at a total cost of Rs. 3,500/-. The entire cost which came to Rs. 10,326/819 was borne by Government.
A basic Vocabulary scheme for Marathi was undertaken by the Maharashtra Sahitay Parishad, Poona, during the year for which Government paid the Body a subsidy of Rs. 1,500/-.
BASIC EDUCATION
Scheme No. 1(i) of Five-Year Plan of Government of India The three Graduates' Basic Training Centres at Rajpipla, Dhulia and Dharwar continued to work during the year with 30, 50 and 43 students respectively. The special feature of these centres during the year continued to be as last year viz. that the trainees admitted were untrained graduates and were trained in a revised syllabus which provides for training in Basic Education in addition to the normal B. T. training given in S. T. Colleges.
Scheme No.1(ii) of Five-Year Plan of Government of India Under the scheme three areas-each area consisting of about 100 primary schools-round about the three Graduates' Basic Training Centres were taken up for improvement by supplying the schools therein with adequate craft and other equipment, teaching aids, books for the library, teachers trained in Basic Education, etc. From among the 100 primary schools selected for improvement and development intensively 20 schools were taken up for conversion into Basic schools.
Craft Training in Primary Schools (a) During the year under report the well established craft schools which were in number about 2900 were taken up for conversion into Basic schools. Side by side a few non-Basic schools were also gradually converted into basic schools. To staff these institutions with basic trained teachers, suitable refresher camps of the duration of six days were organised throughout the State. The number of such camps was 100.
(b) The following additional measures were taken to bring the non-Basic schools in line with Basic schools to facilitate their conversion at the earliest opportunity.
(i) The syllabus for Basic and non-Basic schools was made identical, the difference remaining only in methodology and approach.
(ii) A common P.S.C. examination was adopted for both the types of schools.
(iii) Essential features of Basic Education so far as they relate to community living, physical and social environments of the pupils, were in reduced in all the schools, special provision
96
for such activities being made in the time table of non- Basic schools as well.
(iv) Special literature to guide the teachers in Basic and nonBasic schools giving activity schemes for correlating craft social and Physical environment of pupils with academic subjects was got prepared through a special State Committee.
(c) The productive aspect in Basic schools got an impetus from the State Government's decision to purchase for office requirements, articles of standard specification produced in Basic schools and the targets fixed in this respect are being satisfactorily reached.
Facilities to Backward Classes and Non-Backward Classes In the year 1955-56 no new schemes were implemented by this branch. The schemes regarding facilities to Backward Classes and non- Backward Classes already sanctioned were continued in the year 1955- 56. It may, however, be stated that the progress reports on account of the schemes under article 275 (I) of the constitution are being submitted to Government separately as called for by them.
Encouragement in Dramatic Art During the year under report Government sanctioned the scheme of the Encouragement in Dramatic Art under which (i) Prizes to written and published dramas (both general and for Children) were awarded (ii) Inter-collegiate and schools (secondary and primary) Dramatic Competitions were organised (iii) Grants in aid for the construction of open air theatres by the Municipalities and Municipal Corporations in the State were paid. The dramatic competitions among the Professional and Amateur Dramatic Associations were also organised by the Recreation Committee (C/o Director of Publicity), Bombay.
In addition to the above, a sum of Rs. 10,000/- was distributed among 15 persons who are actors, dramatists, writers of outstanding merit and who are in indigent financial circumstances.
Building Loans A provision of Rs. 5,00,000/- was made for loans to non-Govern- ment secondary schools for construction or extension of school build- ings or purchase of sites etc., during the year 1955-56. Out of this provision laans amounting to Rs. 4,85,000/- were paid to as many as 24 recondary schools.
Library Development Scheme 130 Town Libraries and 47 Bal Libraries have been recognised during the year 1955-56 and were paid grants at the rate of Rs. 150/- and Rs. 100/- respectively. Thus a total expenditure of Rs. 24,200/- was incurred on this account (Rs. 19,500/- Town library plus Rs. 4,700/Bal Library).
Multi-purpose High Schools The following schemes, which were recommended by the secondary education commission of the Government of India were implemented during 1955-56, in Bombay State.
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1. Scheme of the establishment of Multipurpose High Schools.
2. Opening of six commerce centres under Scheme No. 4 (b).
3. Ancillary Schemes for improvement of-
(i) Core subjects
(ii) School libraries
(iii) Craft in Middle school standards.
Under the scheme of Multi-purpose High Schools 57 diversified courses have been allotted to various Government and non-Government schools in Bombay State as under:-
Course No. of Govt. No. of Non-Govt. Total
schools schools
1. Agricultural course 3 12 15
2. Commerce course 19 1 20
3. Home Science 7 8 15
4. Fine Arts 3 4 7
32 25 57
The total expenditure involved in this connection (both recurring and non-recurring) is Rs. 13,28,284/-.
Under scheme No. 4 (b) six Government Commerce Centres were started and a total expenditure of Rs. 42,674/- (both recurring and non-recurring) has been incurred.
Under the Ancillary Scheme Government and Non-Government Secondary schools were selected as under:-
Subject No. of Govt. No. of Non-Govt. Total
schools schools
1. Core subjects 24 96 120
2. Libraries 18 102 120
3. Craft 20 100 120
62 298 360
An expenditure ( both recurring and non-recurring ) of Rs. 22,64,821/- was involved on this scheme.
The above schemes were substantantially aided by the Government of India at 66% of the non-recurring and 25% of the recurring expenditure. The remaining 34% and 75% on both recurring and non- recurring expenditure respectively in respect of Government schools, was borne by the Government of Bombay. In respect of non-Government schools 17% of non-recurring and 30% or 33 1/4% of recurr-
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ing expenditure was met by the State Government while only 17% nonrecurring and 45% recurring expenditute was borne by the managements of the non-Government secondary schools.
Secondary Education So far as Secondary education is concerned, there are no impor- tant developments or points to report on for 1955-56.
University Education The Regional Universities at Poona, Ahmedabad, and Dharwar which were to be established under the First Five-Year Plan Schemes of the Universities, had already been established and continued to function during the year under report (1955-56).
Textbooks and Syllabus The whole syllabus for Primary and Secondary schools was revised and the revised courses came into effect simultaneously in Standards I to X from June 1955, except in the case of English where it was introduced in Standard VIII only. Revised courses were also introduced provisionally in the Vocational Schools-Agriculture and Commerce from June, 1955.
The Rules for the School Book Committees in the State were revised during 1954. Text books written according to the newly revised syllabus and sanctioned under the newly revised rules were introduced in Standards. I to IX of Primary and Secondary schools in the State from the school year 1955-56 . The new text books for Stand- ards X and-XI have been introduced from the school year 1956-57.
In January 1956, Government specified text books for use in Primary schools under the District and Municipal Schools Boards for the triennium 1956-57 to 1958-59 after consulting the School Boards in the matter.
A new scheme for the award of prizes to outstanding books in the regional languages of the State was sanctioned by Government during the financial year 1955-56. The books published during the year 1950, 1951 and 1952 were taken into consideration for the competition for the year 1955-56. The books received were assessed by Committees of eminent scholars in the three languages viz. Marathi, Gujrati and Kannada and two prizes (the first of Rs. 2,000/- and the second of Rs. 1,000/-) were awarded to the two best books in the categories for which awards were recommended by the Committees, according to their recommendations. Prizes amounting to Rs. 42,000/were awarded during the year under report.
A Central Committee for Children's literature was set up by Government in August 1955 for preparing classified lists of the existing literature for children in the three regional languages of the State, together with an annotated bibliography of the best books. The Committee has also been asked to indicate the subjects and topics on Which suitable books for children are not available at present and should be got written.
A scheme for the publication in English of the best books in the regional languages was sanctioned by Government during 1955-56. Two committees were appointed by Government in November, 1955
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for selecting 16 best stories and 20 best poems of living authors in Marathi and Gujrati, and they submitted their reports in May-June, 1956.
Descriptive Review of the Department Schemes included it% the Five-Year Plan pertaining to the Department of Technical Education, for the period ending 31st March, 1956.
With the cessation of hostilities after World War II it was realised that concentrated efforts must be made to provide for increased facilities for technical education at all levels. If the country was to achieve an important place in the nations of the world, it was realised that concentrated efforts must be made to provide adequate facilities for the expansion of technical training in all its sphere. With this in view, the Government of Bombay implemented the various development schemes with a view to augmenting facilities for technical education. The first Plan provided for an expenditure of Rs. 1,39,77,000/-. The development schemes thus formulated and implemented as a part of the First Five Year Plan with which this Department is concerned are-
Administration (1) Special Organisation for Industrial and Technical Education.
Technical and Vocational Education (2) Expansion of College of Engineering, Poona.
(3) Expansion of V.J. Technical Institute, Bombay.
(4) Establishment of an Additional Engineering College at Ahmedabad.
(5) Re-organisation of the R.C. Technical Institute, Ahmedabad
(6) Opening of more Technical High Schools.
(7) Establishment of Industrial Schools at Satara, Hubli and Bijapur.
(8) Re-organisation of the School of Industry, Ratnagiri.
Other Schemes (9) Sending stipendiary students abroad for advanced studies in Technical and scientific subjects.
The first scheme is of an administrative nature and was started in 1948 as one of the schemes under the Post-war Reconstruction programme. With the rapid expansion of Industrial and Technical education, the need for some special Administrative Organisation was keenly felt to exercise more effective control in the Technical and Industrial Education in the State. The Special Organisation was therefore set up in June, 1948.
The progress of the scheme is according to schedule. A sum of Rs. 2,16,230/- has been incurred on this scheme during 1955-56.
Expansion of College of Engineering, Poona
Up to June 1948, the College of Engineering, Poona was the only well established Engineering College in the State catering for Degree
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and Diploma courses in Civil, Mechanical and Electrical Engineering. In order therefore, to meet the growing demand of Government Departments and the industries, this scheme was started as a priority scheme in 1944 to increase the intake of students to both the Degree and Diploma courses from 100 each to 150 each. Under the scheme degree courses in Metallurgy and Tele-Communication and Diploma course in Tele-Communication have been started. Facilities for training in the Post-Graduate courses of Master of Engineering in Civil Engineering have also been provided.
The progress of the scheme is generally according to schedule and an expenditure of Rs. 5,01,872/- has been expanded on this scheme during 1955-56.
Under the "Expansion of the V. J. Technical Institute, Bombay," Degree courses in Mechanical and Electrical Engineering and Textile Manufacture were started with a view to providing adequate facilities for the training of supervisory and executive personnel required by the Cotton Textile Industry and to meet the growing demand for Engineering and Technical Education. The course in Textile was started in 1946 and those in Engineering in 1947.
During the year 1955-56, a sum of Rs. 1,06,000/- has been incur- red on this scheme. The scheme is since completed.
The Scheme "Establishment of an Additional Engineering College at Ahmedabad," provides for a new Engineering College at Ahmedabad for the teaching of Degree and Diploma Courses in Civil, Mechanical and Electrical Engineering and a post-graduate course in Textile Engineering. The scheme was put into operation with a view to augmenting the facilities for engineering education in the State. Under the scheme the college was established in June, 1948.
During the Year 1955-56, admissions to Degree and Diploma courses have been increased from 75 to 150 respectively. The total number of students studying in the college was 163 in 1948 and is now 1100 in 1955.
An expenditure of Rs. 7,73,955/- was incurred on the scheme during 1955-56. The progress of the scheme is generally according to programme.
Reorganisation of the R. C. Technical Institute, Ahmedabad: The R.G. Technical Institute, Ahmedabad was initially catering for certificate courses only. However Ahmedabad being a big textile centre, it was proposed to convert this Institute into a modern high grade Institute providing for instruction in Diploma courses in (i) Textile Manufacture' and (ii) Textile Chemistry so as to man the local industry with technically trained personnel. The Institute is a special type of institution maintained by Government for imparting instruction of Diploma and Certificate standard in Textiles Trades and Mechanical and Electrical Engineering. The re-organisation of the R.C. Technical Institute, Ahmedabad was undertaken with a view to standardising and diversifying the courses and providing for extra facilities.
The scheme was put into operation from the year 1947-48 and was completed in 1950-51. An expenditure of Rs. 1,71,791/- has been expanded on this scheme during 1955-56.
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Opening of More Technical High Schools :-The State Government sanctioned the conversion of some of its High school's into Technical High schools, with a view to providing alternative vocational education for students who have a bent towards this type of education. With this aim in view, Government implemented the scheme in October, 1948 which envisaged the establishment of, more technical High schools in the State. All these schools have now been established as under :-
SI. No. Name of the School Year in which started
1. Technical High School, Dhulia March 1949
2. Technical High School, Satara March 1949
3. Technical High School Hubli March 1950
4. Technical High School, Kolhapur March 1950
5. Technical High School, Kapadwanj March 1951
6. Technical High School, Khar March 1951
7. Technical High School, Ratnagiri June 1951
8. Technical High School, Ahmedabad June 1953
9. Technical High School, Bijapur June 1954
Rs. 3,98,183/- have been incurred on this scheme during 1955-56. The progress of the scheme is according to the schedule.
Establishment of Industrial Schools at Satara, Hubli and Bijapur :-
With a view to augmenting the development of technical education in the State, Government sanctioned the establishment of new industrial schools at Hubli and Bijapur and the re-organisation of the old school at Satara with a view to its conversion into a modern high grade technical institute. The aim of this scheme was to turn out skilled artisans to man the various industries in the Post-war period. The industrial schools at Hubli and Bijapur have been started from March 1950 and June 1952 respectively. A sum of Rs. 91,051/- has been incurred on this scheme during 1955-56.
Reorganisation of the School of Industry, Ratnagiri :-
Under the Post-war Reconstruction Programme, Government sanctioned the re-organisation of the School of Industry, Ratnagiri with a view to its conversion into a modern high grade institute and for teaching of additional courses. The scheme which was put into execution in the year 1948-49, is now completed and the following courses have been introduced :-
(1) Automobile Apprenticeship (2) Agricultural Carpentry and Smithy; (3) Motor Body Building and Upholstry.
During 1955-56 a sum of Rs. 15,403/- has been spent on this scheme.
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Sending stipendiary students abroad for advanced studies in Technical and Scientific Subjects :-
This scheme was introduced with a view to increasing the supply of properly trained personnel who are likely to be required in con- nection with the various plans of Post-war Development. Government of India, as a part of their scheme allotted to Bombay Government a quota of 30 students for studies abroad. The last batch of students selected under the scheme was in 1947. An amount of Rs. 2,49,129/- has been incurred on this scheme during 1955-56.
Under centrally sponsored schemes, this Department is concerned with the only scheme viz. "Re-organisation of the Weir Industrial School, Dharampur", which is receiving grant-in-aid under Article 275(i) of the Constitution.
Under this scheme, it was proposed to start a three year course in Carpentry `A' at the Weir Industrial School, Dharampur, in addition to the course in weaving run there. The carpentry course was started in December 1952. As against five students admitted for this course in June 1953, ten students have been admitted in June, 1955.
This scheme has been included amongst the schemes meant for the uplift of Backward and Scheduled areas.
PROGRESS REPORT ON THE DEVELOPMENT SCHEMES FOR
THE PERIOD ENDING 31st MARCH, 1956
(1) Details of Scheme
(i) Plan No. and Name Expansion of Engineering College,
of the Scheme : Poona.
(ii) Date of commencement
of the Scheme : April, 1944.
(iii) Targets aimed at To increase the number of admi-
ssions to the first year Degree and
Diploma Classes from 100 to 150
students and to introduce B. E.
Degree Course in Metallurgy &
Tele-Communication. Introduction
of Post-Graduate Course of M.E.
in Civil Engineering.
(iv) Targets achieved by The admissions to Degree &
31-3-1956 : Diploma Classes have been increased
from 100 to 150. B. E. Degree
Courses in Metallurgy and Tele-
Communication have been intro-
duced. Facilities for training
in the Post-Graduate of M.E.in
Civil Engineering have also been
provided.
(v) Targets achieved The construction of Soil Mechanics
during 1955-56 Laboratory has been
completed. The Construction of
Sweepers' quarters has started.
About 80%
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of the temporary posts have been
made permanent.
2. Expansion envisaged Recurring Rs. 23,89,000/-
Non-Recurring
3. Expenditure incurred upto Recurring Rs. 16,90,733/-
31-3-56 (Last year of the Non-Recurring Rs. 9,07,563/-
First F.Y.P.)
4. Expenditure incurred during Recurring Rs. 4,00,117/-
1955-56 : Non-Recurring Rs. 1,01,755/-
5. If the targets have not been
achieved, the reasons for their
not being achieved :
PROGRESS REPORT ON THE DEVELOPMENT SCHEMES
FOR THE PERIOD ENDING 31st MARCH, 1956
1) Details of Scheme
i) Plan No. and Name of Expansion of the Victoria
Scheme : Jubilee :Technical Institute,
Bombay.
ii) Date of commencement of 1946-47.
Scheme
iii) Targets aimed at :- Institution of Degree Courses
in Textiles and Mechanical &
Electrical Engineering. With
a view to providing adequate
facilities' for Surveying and
executive personnel required
by Industry.
iv) Targets achieved by 31-3- All the courses were started
1956 : and were running full-fledged.
V) Targets achieved during More batches of graduates were
1955-56: turned out and progress
maintained.
2) Expenditure envisaged Recurring Rs. 4,97,000/-
Non-Recurring
3) Expenditure incurred up to Recurring Rs. 5,41,453/-
31-3-56 (Last year of the First Non-Recurring
Five Year Plan)
4) Expenditure incurred during Recurring Rs. 1,06,000/-
1955-56. Non-Recurring Rs. Nil
5) If the targets have not been
achieved, the reasons for
their not being achieved:
PROGRESS REPORT ON THE DEVELOPMENT SCHEMES
FOR THE PERIOD ENDING 31st MARCH, 1956.
1) Details of Scheme:
i) Plan No. and Name of Establishment of an Additional
Scheme : Engineering College at
Ahmedabad.
ii) Date of commencement of June, 1948.
the Scheme :
104
iii) Targets aimed at: To provide for a new
Engineering College for
teaching of Degree and Diploma
Course in Civil, Mechanical &
Electrical Engineering and a
Post-Graduate course in
Textile Engineering. The
Scheme was put into operation
with a view to augmenting the
facilities for Engineering
Education in the State.
iv) Targets achieved by The B.E. Classes in Civil,
31-3-1956. Mechanical and Electrical
Engineering were started in
June, 1951. All the College
Buildings have been completed.
The College is now functi-
oning as a full fledged
Engineering Institution.
v) Targets achieved during Admissions to degree and
1955-56. diploma classes have been
increased from 75 to 150 and
100 to 150 respectively. The
construction work of Adminis-
tration Block is completed.
2) Expenditure Envisaged
Recurring Rs. 28,37,000/-
Non-Recurring
3) Expenditure incurred up to Recurring Rs. 23,24,762/-
31-3-56 (Last year of the Non-Recurring Rs. 16,46,207/-
First Five Year Plan). Five
Year Plan).
4) Expenditure incurred during Recurring Rs. 5,57,045/-
1955-56. Non Recurring Rs. 2,16,910/-
5) If the targets have not been
achieved, the reasons for - - - -
their not being achieved :-
PROGRESS REPORT ON THE DEVELOPMENT SCHEME FOR THE PERIOD ENDING 31-3-1956
1) Details of Scheme
i) Plan No. and Name of Re-organisation of R.C.
Scheme:- Technical Institute,
Ahmedabad.
ii) Date of commencement June, 1947.
of the Scheme :
iii) Targets aimed at: With a view to
standardising and
diversifying the courses
run at the R.C. Technical
Institute, Ahmedabad and
also to provide for extra
facilities there, it was
proposed to reorganise
the said Institute by
starting Diploma courses
in Textile Manufacture
and Textile Chemistry.
This re-organisation was
also intended to prove of
immense help to the local
Textile industry.
105
iv) Targets achieved by The scheme is completed and is
31-3-1956. running with the full
compliment of students and
immense help to the industry.
V) Targets achieved during The scheme continued to
1955-56 : function according to
schedule.
2) Expenditure envisaged Recurring Rs.9,35,000/-
Non-Recurring
3) Expenditure incurred upto Recurring Rs.6,82,716/-
31-3-1956 (Last year of the Non-Recurring Rs.3,41,613/-
Plan).
4) Expenditure incurred during Recurring Rs.1,30,862/-
1955-56. Non-Recurring Rs.40,929/-
5) If the targets have not been
achieved, the reasons for
their not being achieved :-
PROGRESS REPORT ON THE DEVELOPMENT SCHEMES FOR THE PERIOD ENDING
31st MARCH, 1956.
1) Details of Scheme
i) Plan No. & Name of Opening of more Technical High
Scheme :- Schools.
ii) Date of commencement October, 1948.
of the Scheme :-
iii) Targets aimed at :- In order to provide facilities
for technical education, it
was proposed to establish nine
more Technical High Schools in
different Districts of the
State.
iv) Targets achieved by All the nine Schools envisaged
31-3-1956. under the scheme have been
started.
v) Targets achieved during The scheme is completed and is
1955-56. now continuing.
2) Expenditure envisaged:- Recurring Rs. 41,80,000/-
Non-Recurring
3) Expenditure incurred up to Recurring : Rs. 8,65523/-
31-3-56 (Last year of the Non-Recurring : Rs. 7,49,473/-
Plan)
4) Expenditure incurred during Recurring: Rs. 2,37,503/-
1955-56. Non-Recurring : Rs. 1,60,680/-
5) If the targets have not been
achieved, the reasons for
their not being achieved.
106
PROGRESS REPORT ON THE DEVELOPMENT SCHEMES FOR THE PERIOD ENDING
31st MARCH, 1956.
1) Details of Scheme
i) Plan No. and Name of Establishment of Industrial
Scheme:- Schools at Satara, Hubli and
Bijapur.
ii) Date of commencement 1946-47.
of the Scheme:-
iii) Targets aimed at:- With a view to augmenting the
development of technical
education in the State, it was
proposed to re-organise the
School of Industry, Satara and
to establish two new
Industrial Schools one each at
Hubli and Bijapur. The scheme
also aimed at turning skilled
artisans to man the various
industries in the Post-war
period.
iv) Targets achieved by The scheme has been completed.
31.3.1956:
v) Targets achieved during The scheme continued according
1955-56: to Schedule.
2) Expenditure envisaged: Recurring Rs. 6,85,000/-
Non-Recurring
3) Expenditure incurred up to Recurring 2,94,226/-
31.3.56 (Last year of the Non-Recurring 3,34,258/-
Plan)
4) Expenditure incurred during Recurring 84,950/-
1955-56: Non-Recurring 6,101/-
5) If the targets have not been
achieved, the reasons for
their not being achieved.
PROGRESS REPORT ON THE DEVELOPMENT SCHEMES FOR THE PERIOD ENDING
31st MARCH, 1956.
1) Details of Scheme
i) Plan No. and Name of Re-organisation of the School
Scheme of Industry, Ratnagiri.
ii) Date of Commencement June, 1948.
of the Scheme
iii) Targets aimed at: The re-organisation of the
School of Industry, Ratnagiri
was undertaken with a view to
its conversion into a modern
high grade Institute and also
to provide for teaching of
additional course:
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iv) Targets achieved The following additional
31.3.1956: courses by were started:-
i) Automobile Apprentice
ii) Agricultural Carpentry
and Smithy, and
iii) Motor Body Building
and Upholstry.
v) Targets achieved during The scheme continued to
1955-56 : run.
2) Expenditure envisaged Recurring Rs. 3,58,000/-
Non-Recurring
3) Expenditure incurred Recurring " 42,905/-
up to 31.3.56 (last year of
the Plan). Non-Recurring " 29,866/-
4) Expenditure incurred Recurring " 10,435/-
during 1955-56: Non-Recurring " 4,968/-
5) If the targets have not been
achieved, the reasons for
their not being achieved:-
PROGRESS REPORT ON THE DEVELOPMENT SCHEMES FOR THE PERIOD ENDING
31st MARCH, 1956.
Details of Scheme
i) Plan No. and Name of Sending stipendary students
Scheme:- abroad for Advanced Studies in
Technical and Scientific
subjects.
ii) Date of commencement
of the Scheme: - 1945-46.
iii) Targets aimed at: With a view to increasing the
supply of properly trained
personnel who are likely to be
required in connection with
the various plans of Post-war
development, the Government of
India had decided pending the
extension of facilities for
advanced Technical instruction
in India, to make arrangement
immediately to send abroad a
certain number of students at
Government expense for
advanced courses in Technical
and scientific subjects
directly related to the
probable Post-war needs.
iv) Targets achieved The scheme is no more in
by 31.3.1956 : operation. The last batch of
Students selected under the
scheme was in 1947-48.
v) Targets achieved during Nil.
1955-56:
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2) Expenditure envisaged: Recurring Rs. 48,000/-
3) Expenditure incurred Recurring " 2,89,443/-
upto 31.3.1956: Non-Recurring " -
4) Expenditure incurred Recurring " 2,49,129/-
during 1955-56: Non-Recurring -
5) If the targets have not - - -
been achieved, the reasons
for their not being achieved:
PROGRESS REPORT ON THE DEVELOPMENT SCHEMES FOR THE PERIOD ENDING
31st MARCH, 1956.
1) Details of Scheme
i) Plan No. and Name of Re-organisation of the Weir
Scheme: Industrial School, Dharampur.
ii) Date of commencement December, 1952.
of the Scheme :
iii) Targets aimed at : To re-organise the Weir Indus-
trial School, Dharampur with
introduction of additional
course in Carpentry for the
benefit of the Raniparan
people.
iv) Targets achieved The Carpentry Course has been
by 31.3.1956: started
v) Targets achieved The Course continued to run.
during 1955-56:
2) Expenditure envisaged: Recurring -
Non-Recurring -
3) Expenditure incurred Recurring Rs. 16,375/-
up to 31.3.1956: Non-Recurring " 3,059/-
4) Expenditure incurred Recurring " 4,653/-
during 1955-56: Non-Recurring Nil.
5) If the targets have not been
achieved the reasons for
their not being achieved :
KUTCH
NOTE SHOWING IN BRIEF THE PROGRESS OF EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN
IMPLEMENTED BY THE STATE DURING 1955-56.
1) Administration. This includes the Post of Office Superintendent as well as the post of Audio-Visual Education inspector. The Post of Office Superin- tendent was filled in the year 1952-53. The post of the Audio-Visual Education Inspector was sanctioned by the Government of India in the year 1955-56, but could not be filled due to non-availability of a suitable person.
109
2) Primary Education.
In all eleven new Primary schools were opened during the year 1955-56. Thus in all 26 new Primary schools have been opened as against 20 schools proposed in the First Five Year Plan.
3) Secondary Education.
The Middle schools at Raper, Bhachau and Naliya were fully upgraded into High Schools. The school at Nakhatrana was upgraded up to class X.
4) Technical Education.
This scheme could not be implemented due to non-receipt of sanction for it from the Ministry of Education.
5) University Education.
The Ramji Ravji Lalan Government College, Bhuj was further upgraded by adding Senior B.A. and Junior B.Sc., classes to it.
6) Education Building.
A new building for the Education office was constructed and occupied during the year 1955-56.
110
APPENDIX C.
Statement Showing the Scheme included in the Kutch Five-year Plan and Progress of
Expenditure thereon (in lakhs of rupees)
Name of the scheme with Estimate cost of Actual expenditure Total expendi-
full description of each the scheme for 1951-52 1952-53 1953-54 1954-55 1955-56 ture for
project or scheme five years five years
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
VII. Education.
i) Administration. .42 - .03 .03 .03 .03 .12
ii) Primary Education opening
of 20 new Primary schools. 1.08 - .05 .09 .17 .40 .71
iii) Secondary Education upgrading
of existing composite schools at 2.11 - - .05 .34 .38 .77
1) Rahpar
2) Nakhatrana
3) Bhachau and
4) Nalia
iv) Technical and vocational .78 - - - - - -
Education Expansion of School
of art into a Vocational
Training School.
v) University Education Establishment 1.89 - - .96 .72 1.57 3.25
of a College up to Intermediate
grade.
vi) Education Building. .50 - - - - - -
Total:- 6.78 - .08 1.13 1.26 2.38 4.85
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TRAVANCORE COCHIN
PROGRESS OF EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLANS IMPLEMENTED BY THE STATE
GOVERNMENT DURING 1955-56
Scheme No. I (ii) Training of six teachers for Post Graduate Basic Training College proposed to be started in 1956-57.
Four men and two women with M.A. and L.T. Degree were selected and sent for Basic Training. The men trainees were deputed to the Jamia Millia Islamia and the women trainees to Gandhigram for 10 months' training. They have returned after successfully undergoing the course.
The Post-Graduate Basic Training College has started to function from July 1956 with a complement of 50 graduate trainees.
Scheme No. I (iii) A. Basic Training Institution, Cherpu,
B. Basic Training School, Theroor,
C. Conversion of four schools two around each Training school for practice and demonstration.
A. The Basic Training Institution Cherpu continued to function.
B. The Basic Training School, Theroor was opened in July 1956.
Each Training School provides for two batches of 80 trainees. The course is of 90 days duration and primary teachers with T.T.C. are admitted for retraining.
C. The four Junior Basic Schools started to function from the reopening of schools in June 1956. Classes I to III were converted into the Basic type and Basic trained teachers posted. The classes worked under the shift system.
Expansion of Basic Education Sub-Scheme No. (1).
Opening of new Basic Training Institutions.
A. Training of 24 graduate teachers.
22 Gratuate teachers were sent to Gandhigram and 2 to the Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi for retraining in Gandhigram. Of these 6 were from private managements who were willing to convert their Training schools into Basic Training Schools. They were given ten months' training and they returned after a successful course by the end of April.
C. Sub-Scheme No. 5 Training of Craft teachers.
A short term training of one months' duration was given to Primary school teachers. Two batches of 50 teachers were trained at 7 Centres. The. 661 teachers were benefitted by this training.
112
They have gone back to their schools and are reported to be utilising the knowledge gained by them.
Expansion of Basic Education Sub-Scheme No. 2
A. Eight Training Institutions were converted into the Basic type and they began to function along with the other Basic Training Schools from July 1956. Two batches of 80 trainees were provided for in these institutions also.
B. Sub-Scheme No. 4
I and II. This scheme has not been implemented as the schools started to function from 1955-56 only.
III. Conversion of 24 Schools into Basic Schools.
24 Primary Schools, these around each of the 8 Basic Training Schools under `A' above were converted into the Basic type. Classes I to III were converted, additional accommodation put up to the extent required wherever necessary, furniture equipments and raw materials supplied. Full complement of staff was also provided.
Scheme No. I (iv) I. Integrated Library Service for Trichur Taluk.
The chassis purchased during 1954-55 was sent for furnishing and body-building. More books were purchased and almirahs supplied. The Unit could not function as the work on the chassis was not completed.
II. Integrated Library service, Agaateeswaram Area.
The S. M. R. V. Club and Library, Nagercoil has undertaken to do distributing service and the unit is to be attached to this library.
The chassis has been purchased. Books and almirahs have been supplied.
Scheme No. 3 (a)
Training of Audio-Visual Experts A seminar and training course on Audio Visual Education was conducted at the Model School, Trivandrum during December-January of the financial year. Fifty trainees attended the course. All of them were graduate teachers.
An Epidiascope and a film strip projector, some books and film strips were purchased. They will be put into use for courses being conducted in future years.
Scheme No. 3 (b)
Production of Children's Literature Ten books under various topics suitable for Standards III to VII were produced in Malayalam. They will be distributed free among schools and Libraries.
A Vocabulary Research Unit has been established.
113
Scheme No. 3 (c)
Promotion of Hindi in Non-Hindi Speaking Areas A Refresher course of 5 weeks duration was conducted for Hindi teachers at 4 Centres. Each batch catered for 100 teachers. 363 teachers benefitted by this course.
120 Hindi teachers were given language teachers' training at two
Centres in two batches. Each provided for 30 teachers at each centre. The course was of 5 months' duration.
The mobile Propaganda Unit did not function as the Van was not ready. A chassis was purchased and has been sent for body building.
A Hindi-Malayalam Dictionary has been prepared. The manuscript is ready.
Hindi books were supplied to. 10 selected High School libraries and ten selected public libraries.
The Samastha Kerala Sahitya Parishth, Ernakulam has undertaken to publish the bilingual magazine.
Ad-hoc grant to Hindi organisations-This was not implemented as the sanction was received in April 1956.
Scheme No. 4 (a) The nine Primary School-cum-community centres started to function from July 1955. Radio sets were supplied to these Centres. The centres are reported to be very popular and working satisfactorily.
Scheme No. 4 (b)
Improvement of Selected Secondary Schools 6. High Schools were brought under the scheme. Furniture, Science materials, charts and library books were supplied to these schools.
Scheme No. 4 (f) The Pre-Primary School attached to the E.H.S. Alleppey started to function enrolling about 60 pupils.
The Scheme of training teachers for Nursery Training Schools was not implemented.
Scheme for the reorganization of Secondary Education
33 High Schools were equipped for being converted into Higher Secondary Schools with the undermentioned 40 diversified courses.
Science course 8 Schools Buildings were put up and
Technical course 8 " equipments and appliances
Agriculture 9 " supplied as for as availability
Commerce 9 " would permit within the
Home Science 4 " short period.
Fine Arts 2 "
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II.Improvement of Science Teaching 6 Departmental and 12 private High schools were brought under the scheme.
III. General Improvements of Teaching 36 Departmental and 53 private schools were given this benefit.
IV. Improvement of Libraries of Multi-Purpose Schools The amount was distributed among the 33 Departmental High Schools proposed for conversion.
Ordinary schools.
30 Departmental High School Libraries were improved. 60 private schools were brought under the scheme.
V. Introduction of Crafts in Middle Schools
71 Departmental and 51 Private schools were brought under the scheme.
The Special Officer for Educational Plans continued to function in office.
The scheme for the appointment of Deputy Director for Social Education and District Social Education Officers was not implemented.
Scheme For the Relief of Educated Unemployment.
Under the scheme, 550 posts of P.D. teachers sanctioned during 1954-55 continued. 300 posts of P.D. teachers sanctioned first and 57 posts of specialists sanctioned subsequently were, fully utilised. Another 43 posts of specialists were also created and utilised. Altogether 400 posts of P.W. teachers in the Primary scale were newly created during this year.
PUNJAB
PROGRESS OF EDUCATION DURING 1955-56
1. Budget : The budgeted expenditute of the Department for the year was Rs. 4,41,75,400/-. Towards the end of the year this figure was revised to Rs. 5,19,82,500/-. The Budget for the year 1956-57 is Rs. 5,82,88,900/-.
Institute, etc. The year 1955-56 was another landmark in the progress of education in the State. There was an all round increase in the number of institutions, students and teachers. Comparative figures of the number of institutions for the years 1954-55 and 1955-56 are given below :-
1954-55 1955-56
Institution for Boys for Girls for Boys for Girls
1. Primary Schools. 7,559 1,330 7,958 1,418
2. Basic Primary. 223 70 284 75
115
1954-55 1955-56
Institution for Boys for Girls for Boys for Girls
3. Middle Schools. 582 175 523 199
4. High Schools. 628 95 704 112
5. Arts & Science Colleges. 47 7 53 7
6. Professional Colleges. 11 3 17 4
All the Primary schools maintained by the Panchayats have been taken over by District Board on cent per cent grant basis. At the same time 300 additional teachers have been appointed in under-staffed Primary schools.
Top priority was given to the Elementary education in the First Plan period. Steps were taken to open as many Primary schools as possible. This drive was also intended to combat, though to a limited extent, the problem of educated unemployment. It may, however, be pointed out that it has not been possible to achieve the desired object as the schools opened by Panchayats, private bodies and the Community Project Department were later on taken up by the District Boards and this resulted in the number of schools remaining more or less constant.
Another achievement in our educational progress has been the gradual introduction of Basic education. The number of Basic primary schools is on the increase. At the same time the number of schools, which provide basic training for teachers, has risen from 13 to 66. To give a fillip to Basic education in the State, the Department opened in 1954-55 a Post-Graduate Basic Training College at Chandigarh. Applications of 8 institutions for the grant of affiliation by the Punjab University, for the B. Ed. Basic Examination are under consideration. These institutions are already in existence.
Secondary Education The Drive to make elementary education universal has indirectly resulted in the unprecedented demand for Secondary Education. The number of High schools which was 426 in 1950-51 has risen to 816. The number of the High schools for girls which remained constant at 30 for some years has gone up to 112. It is hoped that during the next few years all the existing middle schools will be raised to High schools. Punjab leads all the States in India in the relative number of High schools. Comparative figures for the year 1952-53 for all the part A States are available and are given below :-
Number of Primary schools for each High school.
Assam. 37 Bihar. 31 Bombay. 27
Madhya Pradesh. 34 Madras. 28 Orissa. 53
Punjab. 10.6 Uttar 26 West 11.6
Pradesh. Bengal.
Keeping in view the fact that the comparative number of students in a High school in the Punjab is very high we come to the conclusion that Secondary education is very popular in the State.
It is felt that a long time solution of unemployment must be found in the training of more young men and women in work skills. With this end in view a far reaching reform of Secondary education has been envisaged. A Start has been made to convert selected High
116
schools into multipurpose schools with diversified courses of study. This is intended to give a vocational bias to education so as to enable the student to select courses-Agriculture, Commerce, Science, Technology and Fine Arts-according to their aptitudes. The Government has made handsome grants to many schools for equipping them for the introduction of diversified courses. Similarly liberal funds have been provided to several Middle and High schools to improve their craft teaching, science teaching, laboratories and libraries. The total expenditure incurred on these schools during the year 1955-56 was Rs. 73,65,082/-. Some of the High schools will be converted into multipurpose schools and the remaining High schools are proposed to be converted into Higher Secondary schools with an eleven year course instead of the 10 year one. It is expected to provide an effective check on the present thoughtless craze for college education which has been responsible for much unemployment and frustration.
There are over 15 lakh students in full-time attendance at the recognised schools and colleges in the State. This forms 12% of the population of the State.
Education of Backward Classes and Areas Government has paid increasing attention to providing educational facilities for Backward Classes and Backward Areas. The number of schools specially opened for the benefit of 'Vimukta Jatis' has now risen to 13. The backward area of Lahaul and Spiti has 29 Primary schools, three Middle schools and one High school.
Harijan Welfare Scheme The Harijan Welfare Scheme has been recognised so as to extend its benefits to all students from Scheduled and Backward classes, without any distinction of religion. The annual expenditure which was normally in the neighbourhood of Rs. 10 lakh rose to Rs. 23,14,600- during the year 1955-56.
Besides giving stipends to all Harijan students, no tuition fee is charged from them from them from the first Primary class up to M.A. and training classes. Previously the practice was to withdraw the fee concession, in case a harijan student failed in the University or annual Examination. It has now been decided to allow the fee concession to continue after the first failure. However, the amount of the stipend will be reduced by one-half in these cases.
Financial Aid To Displaced Students and Institutions A sum of Rs. 12,88,569/13/9 was sanctioned during 1955-56 to displaced students in the form of stipends and grants. Besides this a sum of Rs. 59,000/- was disbursed as rehabilitation grant to various colleges in the State.
Kurukshetra University The State has finalised a scheme to establish a University at Kurukshetra. It will provide facilities for the study, of Indology, Linguistics, Indian Philosophy and Science; besides offering Graduate, Post-Graduate and Doctorate Courses in Sanskrit, Pali, Prakrit, Hindi and Punjabi.
117
Cultural Activities: In the field of cultural activities the Panchal Lalit Akademi was inaugurated during the year under the patronage of the State Govern- ment. A Scheme to help distinguished authors in indigent circums- tances has been started and Shri Ram Parsad Bishmil, a brilliant Urdu poet, was given, during the year under report, a subvention of Rs. 1,500/- for the publication of his poetic works. A grant of Rs. 2,500/was made to the Punjabi Sahitya Akademi to publish easy and useful literature in Punjabi. Similarly another grant of Rs. 2,500/- was made to a Society at Poona for bringing out a commentary on the Mahabhashya' of Patanjali in Hindi. A sum of Rs. 1,000/- has been donated to the Sanskrit Vishwa Parishad (World Academy of Sanskrit, Vidya Bhavan, Bombay) for instituting professorships at the Parishad in collaboration with other States.
Other Grants 1. A sum of Rs. 5,42,972/- has been disbursed to non-Government affiliated colleges in the State as grant-in-aid.
2. A sum of Rs. 1,800/- has been paid to the Christian High and Normal school, Kharar, as grant for the maintenance of Senior Teachers' Class.
3. A sum of Rs. 5,000/- has been paid as grant to the Prakrit Text Society, New Delhi.
Grant to Sanskrit Pathshalas A committee was set up to examine the present condition of the fast dwindling Sanskrit Pathshalas and to make recommendations for their succour. As a result of the report of the committee a sum of Rs. 50,000/- for giving grants to these Pathshalas has been provided in the budget for the year 1956-57.
Scholarships for Poor but Promising Students The State Government has decided to institute a large number of scholarships for financial assistance to poor but promising students. It is felt that in a Welfare State no student, who is really brilliant, should be deprived of the opportunities for education.
Better Pay for Teachers Some pay scales of teachers were revised during 1954-55. During 1955-56 the pay scales of Headmasters/Headmistresses of Schools, District Inspectresses of Schools (Non-Gazetted), Junior Secondary Trained Teachers (women). Shastries, Prabhakars, Gyanis and Drawing Masters have been improved. The State hopes to do much more in this direction during the coming years and a substantial part of the cost is likely to be met by the Central Government.
Central State Library A Central State Library has recently been set up at Chandigarh and the Government proposes to put up a network of district libraries in the near future. Books worth Rs. 2 lakh have already been pur- chased for this library by the close of 1955-56. Steps have already been taken to provide a palatial four storeyed building to house the Central Library.
118
N.C. C. & A. C. C. We have at present, 11 units consisting of 3,583 cadets and 83 officers in the Senior Division, three troops of Senior Wing Girls Division consisting of nine officers and 270 cadets and 208 troops consisting of 6,849 cadets and 208 officers in the Junior Division.
The A. C. C. Scheme has also become very popular. The present strength is 1185 A. C. C. teachers and 59,250 A. C. C. cadets. During 1955-56, 40 A. C. C. Social Service Camps were held. The cost of these camps was met by the Central Government. The Government proposes to further strengthen the N. C. C. and A. C. C. organisations during the coming years.
New Syllabus and Textbooks The study of English has been made optional for classes VI to VIII. The University has also decided to make English a non-compul- sory subject for the Matriculation Examination to be held with effect from 1957. Nationalisation of text books, which was started in 1953 was completed during 1955-56. Thus from the school session which began on 1st April, 1955, only nationalised text books, which now number 137, are being used in classes I to VIII in all recognised schools in the State.
Implementation of Recommendations of Secondary Education Commission
As previously mentioned financial assistance amounting to Rs. 73,65,082/- has been provided to a number of Government and non- Government schools in the State. This is in connection with the Scheme "Implementation of the recommendations of the Secondary Education Commission - Conversion of existing High schools into multipurpose type and allied schemes". The details of the scheme and funds released in connection therewith are as under:-
(i)Conversion of Existing High Schools into Multipurpose
Type by Introducing
12 Science Courses
12 Technical Courses
12 Commerce Courses
8 Agricultural Courses Rs. 43,50,082/-
5 Fine Arts Courses
6 Home Science Courses
(ii) Assistance to 18 High schools
for the improvement of existing Rs. 9,00,000/-
facilities for the teaching of
Science.
2. Improvement of teaching in
existing schools - Grant for
setting up or improving the
laboratories for general scien-
ce, providing equipment and Rs,13,50,000/-
appliances for craft and proper
teaching of social studies.
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3. Improvement of School Libraries. Rs. 3,75,000/-
4. Introduction of Crafts in Middle Rs. 2,70,000/-
Classes.
5. Training of teachers for the
training of Craft teachers, and
additional facilities for the Rs. 1,20,000/-
training of teachers in the
Government Training College,
Jullundur.
Second Five-Year Plan A detailed list of schemes to be implemented during the Second Plan period is enclosed.
Conclusion In spite of the enormous difficulties of finance, lack of trained teachers and shortage of suitable buildings, which the Government had to face, there has been all round progress in the various fields of education. The goal of universal and compulsory education is still far off, but steps have been taken towards its gradual realisation. The teacher is still ill-paid, the equipment in the schools is not up to the mark but the Punjab is one of the leading States in educational progress.
BHOPAL
PROGRESS OF DEVELOPMENT SCHEMES UNDER FIVE-YEAR PLAN DURING THE
YEAR 1955-56 In the First Five-Year Plan, several Development schemes have been sanctioned for this State. The schemes and the progress made are indicated below
Scheme No. I (A)
Post Graduate Basic Training College To increase the facility of training in Basic Education a Post Graduate Basic Training College was started in Bhopal in August, 1955. Teachers from Bhopal, Ajmer and Madhya Bharat were admitted to it. The enrolment was 64 and the expenditure incurred during the year Rs. 33,234.
Scheme No. I (ii) (a)
Basic Training College The college was started in July, 1954. The minimum qualification for admission to the college is the Matriculation. The college trains teachers for Junior and Senior Basic Schools. The College is at present located at Bhopal. Last year 73 students were admitted and 60 were declared successful. This year the enrolment was 95 and the output 90. The staff of the college consists of one Principal, one Professor and Five Instructors. Last year the expenditure incurred on the college was Rs. 42,785/-
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Scheme No. I (ii) (b)
Two Junior Basic Schools for Practice and Demonstration Two practising schools are attached to the Basic Training College for practical lessons and demonstration. Besides the above a Women's Basic Training class was started in Bhopal in September, 1954, attached to a Girls High School. The enrolment was 31, of these 26 students were declared successful.
Scheme No. I (iii)
Five Model Community Centres These centres were opened in December, 1953 at Raisen, Dewanganj, Sultanpur, Salera and Uncher. In 1954-55, Rs. 13,323/- were spent on Centres. During 1955-56, the expenditure incurred on these centres was Rs. 6,056/-.
Scheme No. I (iv)
Integrated Library Service The scheme was started in 1953-54. The scheme is to have to circulating libraries in each of the two Districts. About 5,000 books on subjects of interest to the village folk have been purchased and a large number of magazines, periodicals, daily papers subscribed for circulation to the adjoining area. A mobile van for Rs. 29,000/- has been purchased. The expenditure incurred on the scheme-during 1955-56 was Rs. 4,574/3/- against Rs. 13,188/- during 1954-55.
Scheme No. I (v)
Janata College The Janata College was started at Sanchi in August, 1954. The Principal of the College was sent to Denmark for Training in Agricul- ture, so that on return he might develop this Institution on the pattern of the Folk High Schools in Denmark. The College has or needs its own building. A revised scheme of the existing college has been submitted to the Government of India to make the institution more attractive and to start craft as one of the subjects in the College. In 1954-55, a sum of Rs. 8,274/- was spent over this scheme while the expenditure incurred during 1955-56 was Rs. 14,418/-
Scheme No. 3(b)
Production of Suitable Literature for Children and Adults Under the scheme books on various topics were called for awarding prizes. Three books viz., (1) Hamara Gaon by Dr. Shree Krishna Katare, (2) Achhe Swasthya-ke-sidhant by Shri R. K. Bangard (3) Balkon-ke-geet, by Shri Jagdish Guru and M. M. Joshi were approved and prizes of 500, 500, and 250 rupees respectively were awarded to the authors of these books. A sum of Rs. 1,810/- was spent over this scheme in the year 1955-56 while in the year 1954-55 no expenditure was incurred.
Scheme No. 4(a)
Development of some selected Primary Schools as School-cum-
Community Centres The Primary schools at Garhi and Amlaha were selected under this scheme. They were equipped with books, magazines charts,
121
games material, craft tools and machines. Two teachers have been entrusted with the work of these centres.
Scheme No. 4 (b)
Improvement of Secondary Schools Two Middle schools at Shampur and Mandi Deep were selected under this scheme. The object of the scheme is to develop these schools as models to neighbouring rural areas by introducing vocational subjects, and useful creative co-curricular activities. The schools have been provided with radios, gramophones, musical instruments, film projectors, books, magazines, sewing machines, etc. The number of students in Shampur and Mandi Deep Schools was 136 and 168 respectively. Scheme No. 4 (c)
Improvement of Library Under the scheme, a Central Library was started in August, 1955 in Bhopal. There is a large number of old books with collections of rare manuscripts in Persian, Urdu and Hindi. At present we have a stock of 26,544 books in it. More than 120 periodicals and magazines and dailies have been subscribed.
The scheme has been revised and sanctioned in' October, 1955. Under this scheme two District Libraries at Raisen and Sehore have been started. Last year two teachers were sent to Madras for Library Training. One of them has been appointed as Librarian, Central Library and the other as Librarian, District Library, Sehore. During the year under report six teachers were sent to Aligarh for training in Library Sciences.
Sehore Library has a stock of 4,000/- books while Raisen Library has 3,874 books. The expenditure over this scheme during 1955-56 was Rs. 89,482/14/6 against Rs. 52,257/- in 1954-55.
Scheme No. 4 (d)
Training of Workers in Social Education Under the scheme a few selected teachers were deputed to Gandhinagar to take Audio-Visual Training and Social Education Training arranged by the Development Department. A team of American experts delivered lectures to the trainees.
A short term course of training to social education workers was also arranged at Jehangiria High School Bhopal, by the Education Department in the month of June, 1955.
Two courses of 13 days duration were organised by the Literacy House, Allahabad at Bhopal to train the teachers in Social Education. Nine Youth Camps were also organised by the Education Department from 27th October to 11th November, 1955 at different places of the State.
A Social Organiser was deputed to Allahabad to get training in Social Education.
Scheme 4(g)
Development of Urban Basic Schools Wahidia Technical School of Bhopal is being developed into an urban Basic School. Training in a number of crafts is already provided
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and improvements in the school are being done. The expenditure over this scheme during 1955-56 was Rs. 2,248/-.
Relief to Educated Unemployed The scheme proved helpful in effecting the expansion of Education in the State. It was only due to the scheme that we were able to open new schools in almost each of the villages, having a population over 150. 2454 teachers were appointed under this scheme up to the year 1955-56. The expenditure incurred on the scheme was Rs. 3,07,366/- during the year 1954-55 and during the year 1955-56 it was Rs. 12,69,981/-.
Progress in the No. of Schools during the year
Year Middle School Primary School
Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total
1954-55 50 5 55 586 31 617
1955-56 74 10 84 1325 37 1362