APPENDIX A (d) : REPORT ON THE FIVE YEAR PLAN OF EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN BASIC, SECONDARY & SOCIAL EDUCATION
Basic and Social Education During the First Five Year Plan, the Government of India rendered financial assistance to the State Governments under the following schemes formulated in the Plan for the improvement of Basic and Social Education:
A. Basic Education (a) Schemes for development of Basic Education.
(b) Scheme for establishment of nursery schools and training of teachers for pre-primary schools.
(c) Scheme for relief of educated unemployment. Material regarding the three schemes is given below:-
(a) During the First Five Year Plan, the Government of India rendered financial assistance to the State Governments under the following schemes formulated in the Plan for improvement and expansion of Basic Education :-
1. Scheme No. 1 (i) Opening of Post-Graduate Basic
Training colleges and attached
Demonstration schools in selec-
ted areas.
2. Scheme No. 1 (ii) Opening of Basic Training Colleges
for Under graduates and attached
practising schools in selected
areas.
3. Scheme No. 1 (vi) Improvement of Primary Schools in
the selected areas with a view to
their ultimate conversion into
Basic Schools.
4. Scheme 4 (g) Starting Basic Schools in some
Urban areas.
5. Scheme entitled "Expansion of Basic Education".
The basis on which Central assistance was given under the above schemes is as under :-
1. Scheme No. 1. (i) 1952-53 & 1953-54 1954-55 1955-56
Non-Recurring 66% 66% 66%
Recurring 60% 50% 3-1/3%
2. Scheme No. 1 (ii) -Same as for (1)
3. Scheme 1 (vi) -Same as for (1)
4. Scheme 4 (g) -Same as for (1)
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166
5. Scheme entitled "Expansion of Basic Education"
(i) 30% of total additional expenditure on expansion of Basic Education during 1954-55 and 1955-56.
(ii) Special assistance @ 60% of the total additional expenditure on expansion of Basic Training facilities during 1955-56. This was offered to State Governments to train in time requisite number of Basic teachers to be needed for the effective implementation of Second Five Year Plan.
These schemes were actually put into effect in different years as indicated below :-
1. Scheme No. 1 (i) 1952-53
2. Scheme No. 1 (ii) -do-
3. Scheme No. 1 (vi) -do-
4. Scheme No. 4 (g) 1953-54
5. Scheme entitled "Expansion of 1954-55
Basic Education".
A statement showing the amount of grant sanctioned to State Governments during 1955-56 under the above mentioned schemes is attached.
The State Governments were requested to send progress reports on the schemes for which Central assistance was sanctioned to them during different years. Complete information has been received so far only from very few State Governments as shown in the statement on the next page.
167
STATEMENT SHOWING THE AMOUNT OF GRANTS SANCTIONED TO STATE
GOVERNMENTS UNDER VARIOUS SCHEMES OF IMPROVEMENT AND EXPANSION OF
BASIC EDUCATION DURING 1955-56
S. Scheme Scheme Scheme Scheme Scheme for
No. Name of State No.1 (i) No.1 (ii) No.1 (iv) No.4 (g) Expansion
of Basic
Education
1. Andhra - 92,778 12,376 23,474 38,962
2. Assam 71,666 20,395 42,900 18,103 1,31,451
3. Bihar 50,246 31,133 28,237 8,658 7,34,987
4. Bombay 81,155 54,487 1,46,542 85,800 3,77,100
5. M. Pradesh 84,295 43,027 58,742 - 3,18,697
6. Madras 65,321 35,710 - - 1,38,422
7. Orissa 11,530 - 1,303 - 35,777
8. Punjab 9,231 - - 5,029 9,616
9. U. P. 1,13,314 - 4,500 - -
10. W. Bengal 2,96,945 1,21,851 - 1,91,977 18,750
11. Hyderabad - 1,650 - - 1,27,679
12. J. & Kashmir - - - - -
13. M. Bharat - 10,978 - - 23,026
14. Mysore 2,461 49,242 - 7,524 24,487
15. Pepsu 30,165 11,303 - - 20,260
16. Rajasthan 61,828 17,983 - - 61,925
17. Saurashtra 9,131 36,016 27,713 34,342 20,84,592
18. T. Cochin 3,861 13,071 2,864 2,12,868
19. Ajmer - - - 4,171 48,833
20. Bhopal 1,28,470 6,662 - 1,981 1,54,467
21. Coorg - 7,803 1,07,935 - 21,496
22. Delhi 9,836 - 23,100 - -
23. H. Pradesh - 17,443 - - -
24. Kutch - - - - -
25. Manipur - - - 5,829 -
26. Tripura 77,707 52,319 60,000 17,350 3,58,305
27. V. Pradesh - 31,159 38,112 3,582 1,318
28. T. & N. Islands
Total 11,07,162 6,55,010 5,63,368 3,87,820 49,37,018
168
STATEMENT SHOWING THE AMOUNT UTILISED OUT OF GRANTS SANCTIONED TO
STATE GOVERNMENTS UNDER VARIOUS SCHEMES OF IMPROVEMENT AND EXPANSION
OF BASIC EDUCATION DURING 1955-56
S. Scheme Scheme Scheme Scheme Scheme for
No. Name of State No.1 (i) No.1 (ii) No.1 (iv) No.4 (g) expansion
of Basic
Education
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1. Andhra 11,433 13,590 - 7,016 31,691
2. Assam * * * * *
3. Bihar * * * * *
4. Bombay 66,064 * 1,46,542 85,800 1,96,869
5. M. Pradesh * * 52,708 - *
6. Madras 65,478 25,944 7,378 - *
7. Orissa * - * - *
8. Punjab 9,231 - - nil *
9. U. P. 26,554 28,368 4,500 - -
10. W. Bengal * * * * *
11. Hyderabad * - - * -
12. J. & Kashmir - - - - -
13. M. Bharat - * - * *
14. Mysore * * - - *
15. Pepsu * * * - *
16. Rajasthan * 51,256 17,952 - 95,320
17. Saurashtra * * * - *
18. T. Cochin * * - - *
19. Ajmer - - - nil 3,485
20. Bhopal 17,589 13,449 - 1,020 11,034
21. Coorg - 25,916 72,072 7,295 38,357
22. Delhi * - nil - -
23. H. Pradesh - - - - -
24. Kutch - - - - -
25. Manipur - - - * -
26. Tripura 35,206 49,596 75,210 18,951 -
27. V. Pradesh - * * * *
28. I. & N. Islands- - - - -
Total 2,31,655 2,62,119 3,76,36 2 1,20,082 3,76,756
* Information not received - No grant sanctioned.
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(b) The scheme envisages establishment of nursery schools and training of teachers for Pre-primary schools pilot projects with the object that the experience gained may be utilized later for large- scale developments when the necessary funds became available. Central assistance under this scheme was sanctioned on the following basis,
1954-55 1955-56
Recurring 50% 33 1/3 %
Non-Recurring 66% 66%
A statement showing grants sanctioned to State Governments during 1955-56 under this scheme and the amounts utilized by them is enclosed.
STATEMENT SHOWING GRANTS SANCTIONED TO THE STATE GOVERNMENTS UNDER
THE SUB-SCHEME 4 (f) OF THE FIRST FIVE-YEAR PLAN OF EDUCATIONAL
DEVELOPMENT
Grants sanctioned Amount utilised
1955-56
1. Andhra -
2. Assam 17,465 *
3. Bihar 7,245 *
4. Bombay 19,800 19,800
5. Madhya Pradesh - -
6. Madras - -
7. Orissa - -
8. Punjab 6,930 Nil
9. U. P. - -
10. West Bengal 82,408 *
11. Hyderabad - -
12. J. & Kashmir - -
13. Madhya Bharat 17,820 Nil
14. Mysore 14,850 *
15. Pepsu 599 Nil
16. Rajasthan - -
17. Saurashtra 7,235 -
18. Travancore-Cochin 2,093 *
19. Ajmer - -
20. Bhopal 4,536 Nil
21. Coorg 5,925 23,700
22. Delhi - -
23. Himachal Pradesh - -
24. Kutch - -
25. Manipur - -
26. Tripura - -
27. Vindhya Pradesh - -
28. A. & N. Islands - -
1,86,906 43,500
* Information not received as yet - No grants was sanctioned.
170
(c) Scheme for the Relief of Educated Unemployment The Scheme for the relief of Educated Unemployed was framed as an emergency measure. The scheme envisaged the appointment of 80,000 rural teachers and 8,000 Social Education workers up to the end of 1954-55 which was later extended up to the end of First Five Year Plan. The scheme was started in 1953-54 and 68,845; teachers were sanctioned to various States up to the end of 1954-55, out of which 55,187 teachers- were actually appointed by the State Governments by that period. The Central Government share 75% recurring expenditure on the salaries of these teachers during 1953-54 and 1954-55. During 1955-56 the proportion of Central assistance on salaries of these teachers (i.e. appointed in years 1953-54 and, 1954-55) was 50% and during 1956-57 it will be 25% after which the State Government will bear the entire responsibility. In addition, a non-recurring grant for equipment of Rs. 200/- per teacher is given during the first year of the appointment of teachers.
2. The remaining 24813 teachers were allotted to different States for appointment during 1955-56. For calculation of Central grant for these teachers, 1955-56 was treated as First Year and Central assistance on their salaries was @ 75%. During 1956-57 and 1957-58 it will be @ 50% and 25% respectively after which the State Governments will bear the entire responsibility.
3. So far as the appointment of Social Education Workers is concerned, Central Government shares at a uniform rate during each year at 50% of their salaries and contingent expenditure subject to the condition that Central assistance' on contingencies per worker per annum is not be exceed Rs. 100/-. The liability of the Central Government in respect of the workers appointed in a particular year continues for a period of three successive years in addition to the year 1953-54 just as in the case of teachers. 921 Social Education workers were appointed during 1953-54 and 1954-55. During 1955-56 another 828 Social Education Workers were distributed to various State Governments, as the State Government did not ask for more.
4. Since the scheme was initiated as an emergency measure and initially visualized the employment within only two years of a large number of persons as teachers, many of whom might be untrained, steps have been taken to safeguard the quality of education to be given under the scheme. It has been emphasized to the State Governments that arrangements should be made to give at least four to six weeks' training to the new recruits. The Ministry has brought out a small brochure for guidance for such emergency training courses.
5. Two statements--one giving the number of teachers and Social Education Workers appointed up to 1954-55 and sanctioned during 1955- 56, and another giving the amount sanctioned to State Governments during 1953-54, 1954-55 and 1955-56 are shown on the next page.
6. Teachers and Social Education Workers are paid. salaries according to the rates prevalent in each State.
7. The teachers sanctioned under the Scheme are intended to be appointed either in new schools or in the existing understaffed schools.
171
STATEMENT SHOWING THE NUMBER OF THE TEACHERS AND SOCIAL EDUCATION WORKERS APPOINTED IN
1953-54 AND 1954-55 AND THOSE SANCTIONED IN 1955-56
Teachers Social Education Workers
S. No. State Appoi- Appoi- Sancti- Appoi- Appoi- Sancti-
nted in nted in onted in nted in nted in oned in
1953-54 1954-55 1955-56 1953-54 1954-55 1955-65
1. Ajmer 34 6 - - - -
2. Andhra - 1,053 999 - - -
3. Assam 500 450 - - - -
4. Bhopal 150 189 2,100 15 30 20
5. Bihar 2,500 625 - 250 100 -
6. Bombay 3,524 3,537 6,939 - - -
7. Coorg 50 28 - - - -
8. Delhi - 125 - - 25 -
9. Himachal - - 100 - - -
Pradesh
10. Hyderabad 1,500 219 281 27 65 58
11. Kutch 30 30 12 4 - -
12. Madhya - 700 700 - 40 150
Bharat
13. Madhya 1,380 194 200 - - -
Pradesh
14. Madras - 3,000 3,076 - - -
15. Manipur 50 50 - - - -
16. Mysore 476 - 24 40 - -
17. Orissa 1,200 2,350 - - - -
18. Pepsu 699 1,801 100 - - -
19. Punjab 1,600 3,800 300 80 42 -
20. Rajasthan 1,000 1,000 300 59 - -
21. Saurashtra 360 827 2,116 - - 200
22. Travancore - 550 357 - - -
Cochin
23. Tripura 200 500 200 30 80 400
24. Uttar - 3,050 500 - - -
Pradesh
25. Vindhya 700 1,200 500 34 - -
Pradesh
26. West 3,568 10,391 6,000 - - -
Bengal
Total 19,521 35,675 24,804 539 382 828