APPENDIX A (b) : REPORT O THE PROGRESS OF EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLANS IMPLEMENTED BY THE STATE GOVERNMENTS
The following is a record of the progress made in regard to educational development plans in the State during 1954-55:-
WEST BENGAL
INTRODUCTION
I. Primary and Basic Education:
Extension of Free Primary Education Scheme:-
Compulsory Primary Education in Urban areas:-
Increased salaries of Primary school teachers:-
Gradual conversion of Primary Schools under the Community
Development Projects:-
Scheme for relieving Educated Unemployment:- 55
pansion of education and welfare services in accordance with the principles enunciated by the Government of India. During the year under report 3,499 new Primary Schools were set up under the scheme with a total enrolment of 2,12,205 pupils. 10,391 teachers were recruited during the year'1954-55 bringing the total number of teachers recruited under the scheme since its introduction to 13,959. The departmental expenditure for 1954-55 for the implementation of the scheme under the two main heads-salary and equipment was Rs. 73,47,069/-.
Under the annual programme for the establishment of Government sponsored Junior Basic Schools, altogether 24 junior Basic Schools were sanctioned during the period and, for this, non-recurring grants (including advances), amounting to Rs. 3,85,910/- only were sanctioned by the Government.
The pay and allowances of Basic Trained teachers have been enhanced with effect from 1st January, 1955 as follows:-
Prior to 1-1-55 From 1-1-55
Pay D. A. Total Pay D. A. Total
(i)Asst.Teacher 40/- 15/- 55/- 50/- 12/8/- 62/8/-
(ii) Head Teacher 55/- 18/12/- 73/12/- 65/- 16/4/- 81/4/-
Cooch Behar Development:-
Community Development Programme:-
(i) C. D. P. Budget Rs. 46,000/
(ii) State Budget Rs. 42,000/
Rs. 82 000/
National Extension Service Programme:-
Permanent Improvement of the Sundarban areas:-
Five-Year Plan Scheme No 1 (v) Janata Colleges: The following two colleges were established during the period:-
(i) Janata College, Banipur (District 24-Parganas).
(ii) Janata College, Kalimpong, (District Darjeeling).
The former started functioning with effect from August 1954, and the latter from December, 1954.
The following non-recurring grants were also sanctioned during the period
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(i) Janata College,, Banipur-Rs. 59,500/- for the purchase of agricultural implements.
(ii) Janata College, Kalimpong- Rs.11,200/- for the purchase of furniture equipment and books.
Scheme No. 1 (vi)-
Improvement of Primary Schools:- Scheme No. 4 (f)-
Developing agencies of Pre-School education-Establishment of
Basic Nursery Schools:-
(a) Building ... Rs. 11,000/-
(b) Equipment ... Rs. 8,800/-
19,800
Sanction was also accorded to the payment of a recurring grant @ Rs. 125/per month to each of the Schools.
Scheme No. 4(g)-
Urban Basic Schools:-It may also be mentioned that administrative approval was accorded to the building programme of the undermentioned Schemes at a total estimated cost of Rs. 2,23,800/-:-
Scheme No.1 (ii)-Basic Training School with two junior Basic Schools.Scheme No.1 (iv)-Integrated Library Service-Central Library, Kalimpong. Scheme No. 1(v)-Janata College, Kalimpong.
Scheme for Extension of Basic Education:-
II SECONDARY EDUCATION
Higher initial salary:- The rate of the Government Dearness Allowance was raised from Rs. 10/to Rs. 17/8 - per month with effect from 1-3-54.
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Running of Secondary Schools in Fulia Development Block:
Improvement of Girls' Education:- Out of Cooch Behar Development Fund the Government sanctioned an expenditure of Rs. 1 lakh towards the improvement of Indira Devi Balika Vidyalaya Cooch Behar.
Development under Five-Year Plan:-
Provision for Midday Meals:-
III. COLLEGIATE EDUCATION The government sanctioned the following grants during the year 1954-55.
A total grant of Rs. 10,33,956/- (inclusive of Government Dearness Allowance of Rs. 4,37,456/- and an additional lump maintenance grant of Rs. 3,35,500/-) was paid to non-Government Arts Colleges during 1954-55 as against Rs. 9,50,453/2/- (inclusive of Government Dearness Allowance of Rs. 3,52,453/2/and an additional lump maintenance grant of Rs. 3,37,000/- in the previous year).
A total capital grant of Rs. 1,36,102/- inclusive of Rs. 50,000/- through the Calcutta University was paid to non-Government Arts Colleges in 1954-55 out of which Rs. 76,943/- was sanctioned for building purposes and Rs. 9,159/for furniture, books and equipment for Science teaching. The corresponding figure in 1953-54 was Rs. 1,16,027/- out of which a sum of Rs. 56,157/- was sanctioned for building purposes and Rs. 59,870/- for furniture, books and equipment for Science teaching. Besides the Above a capital grant of Rs. 15,650/- was sanctioned to certain research scholars for encouragement of research work in non-Government Colleges during 1954-55.
The government also sanctioned a sum of Rs. 95,475/- out of the Development Budget for the three sponsored Colleges for women.
Rs. 1,01,500/- and Rs. 1,00,000/- were sanctioned as grant from the Development Budget for the improvement of Science teaching in Government and private Colleges respectively.
Consequent on the merging of Chandernagore with West Bengal, Chandernagore College was taken over by the government.
Research Work:- 58
India Institute of Social Welfare and Business Management and a sum of Rs. 10,000/- to the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science towards Higher Scientific Training and Research facilities.
IV. TECHNICAL EDUCATION
Junior Technical Institutions:-
Improvement of Selected Secondary Schools:-
Development of selected Secondary Schools under Multi-purpose
schemes:- (1) Fifteen existing Schools 12 boys and Three girls schools were selected for introduction of diversified courses during the year under report. The total amount spent during the year amounted to approximately Rs. 12.39 lakhs.
(2) Eleven existing Schools were selected for improvement of the teaching of general -Science, Social Studies and Craft for which Rs. 15,000/- was sanctioned for each of the schools.
(3) Eight Multi-purpose Schools and 22 schools were selected for improvement of the libraries for which Rs. 5,000/- for each of the Multipurpose Schools and Rs. 2,500/- for each of the other schools were sanctioned.
(4) Thirty-four jounior High Schools were selected for introduction of Craft teaching for which Rs. 3,000/- (Non-recurring for equipment) for each of the Schools was sanctioned.
Training in different Trade Courses:-
Engineering Institutions:- The Board of Assessment accorded recognition to the Licentiate and Draftsmanship Courses on an all-India basis.
The All-India Council for Technical Education, under the Five- Year Plan, recommended Rs. 14.17 lakhs for additional building accommodation and Rs. 14.35 lakhs for equipment etc., for improving training facilities in Licentiate Courses.
Recurring expenditure during the year under report was Rs. 1.55 lakhs.
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Bengal Engineering College:-
College of Engineering & Technology to Jadavpur,:-
V. PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION OTHER THAN TECHNICAL EDUCATION For the training of Primary School teachers in School Hygiene work the centre at Singur was reorganised on experimental basis for three year.
With a view to improving and expanding the existing facilities for the training of women teachers, it was decided that the women's section of the David Hare Training College should function as a separate Training Institution. The women's section started functioning separately with effect from July, 1954 under the new name- Institute of Education for Women.
The Union Christian Training College, Berhampore was reorganised and additional stipends were sanctioned during the year under review.
VI. ORIENTAL EDUCATION
Sanskrit Education:- Government sanctioned for the first time the publication of a quarterly journal of the Vangiya Sanskrita Siksha Parishat which is to be regarded as a mouth-piece of the Parishat.
VII. SOCIAL (ADULT) EDUCATION
Janata Colleges:-
Library Services:- (ii) establishment of 12 feeder libraries to be attached to the four Area Libraries in the Kalimpong area in Darjeeling District.
(iii) establishment of Youth Hostels at-
(a) Durgapore
(b) Mython D. V. C. Area.
(c) Massanjore-Mor Project Area.
Social Education Centres in Municipal Areas:-
Training of Audio-Visual Experts:- 60
VIII. BACKWARD CLASSES EDUCATION The Government contributed a sum of Rs.11.24 lakhs for the purpose. Government also spent Rs. 1.74 lakhs for the education of the tribal people which included Rs. 1.41 lakhs for providing facilities for free tuition to the students of the tribal communities during the year under report.
IX. WELFARE HOMES There were 4,014 inmates in the nine State Welfare Homes and 53 aided Welfare Homes during the year. Besides, there were 956 destitutes in 8 Destitute Homes.
X. N. C. C. There were 22 authorised Senior Divisions and 190 Junior Divisions with 3232 and 627.0 cadets respectively. The number of officers in Senior Divisions and junior Divisions was 65 and 154 respectively. There was a provision of Rs. 16,58,000/- on N. C. C. during 1954-55.
XI. SPECIAL EDUCATION
Government College of Art & Craft:-
Physical Education.:- Under the Development Schemes mention may be made of the establishment of the Himalayan Institute of Mountaineering at Darjeeling and Deputation of Major Jayal, the Principal of the Institute and Shri Tenzing, the Chief Inspector, to Switzerland for further training. Mention may also be made of the Women's Recreation Centre at Hastings House, Alipore, the construction of which made a steady progress during the period. The total expenditure incurred under the two schemes during the period was 76,775/-.
XII. MISCELLANEOUS ACTIVITIES
Encouragement of Literature:-
Literary Pension:-
PEPSU The following Educational Development Schemes fall under the scope of State Five-Year Plan, and the progress is shown under each Scheme -
(1) Training Schools for Primary School Teachers:
Under this scheme two schools have been started. One Normal School at Khunga Kothi, Jind and the other Basic Training Institute, Nabha. The Nabha, Institute trains teachers in Basic Education and the Jind School trains teachers for the traditional type Primary Schools.
The Institute was improved in year 1954-55 in terms of equipment and library books.
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(2) Opening of New Basic type Schools:
The scheme envisaged the opening of 50 New Basic type Schools in the State. Ten such schools were started in the year 1953-54 and 40 schools were added last year. The schools were also provided Science material, library books and furniture.
(3) Conversion of Primary Schools into Basic type:
Ten Primary Schools were converted into Basic type in the year 1953-54 and an equal number of such schools was converted into Basic type in the year 1954-55. The schools were also provided with science material, library books and furniture.
(4) Improvements in Primary, Lower Middle and Middle Schools:
The scheme envisaged provision of 225 teachers to the existing Primary, Lower Middle and Middle Schools. In the year 1954-55, 75 posts of teachers were provided to the understaffed schools.
(5) Improvements in High Schools:
Thirty posts of teachers were provided in the year 1954-55 to the existing material, staffed High Schools. The schools were also improved in Science under-furniture and library books.
(6) Improvements in Colleges:
Out of the provision of 23 posts, 22, posts of teachers have already been provided. In the year 1954-55, the colleges were given additional equipment-such as furniture, science material and Library books.
(7) Buildings for Schools:
Originally, this scheme was exclusively meant for constructing buildings of-primary Schools on contributory basis, Government contributing to the tune of Rs. 4,000/-. But in the year 1954-55, buildings of High Schools and colleges were also included. In the modified expenditure on the various Development schemes, last year a sum of Rs. 12.62 lakhs was provided under this head. Rs. 2,60,000/- were earmarked for giving subsidies to the village Panchayats. A sum of Rs. 5,33,000/- was earmarked for effecting improvements in the buildings of colleges. One lakh was earmarked for junior Basic type schools. Two Model Schools were to be constructed with Rs. 1,54,000/- and Rs. 2,00,000/- were allotted for a building of Multilateral school.
The buildings could not, however, be completed in the year 1954-55.
(8) Opening of new Primary Schools:
There was a provision to the opening of 272 Primary Schools under the Scheme. In the year 1954-55,50 such schools were opened. The schools were also supplied with furniture, science material and library books.
(9) Raising the standard of schools:
The standard of 49 schools was raised in 1954-55 and the schools were provided furniture, science material and library books.
(10) Taking over of schools:
This scheme was implemented before 1954-55.
HYDERABAD During the year 1954-55 the number of institutions of various types increased from 13558 to 13741 recording an increase of 183. The development has been as per the plan proposed previously.
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I PRIMARY EDUCATION: The additional amount proposed in the plan for the year 1954-55 for expansion of Primary Education was Rs. 5.15 lacks. The extra amount provided during the year under review was Rs. 7 lakhs to cover the cost of schemes in participation with the Government of India, Schemes of Compulsory Primary Education and Basic Education etc., besides the cost of training of teachers etc.
Out of this, a sum of Rs. 4.9 lakhs was sanctioned for the reorganisation of primary schools and utilised as under :-
(i) Conversion of 295 two teachers schools into three teacher schools at places having a population of 1300-2500.
(ii) Extension of compulsory Primary education to 20 villages of Khammam District where 8 new single- teacher schools were opened besides providing 10 extra teachers to the existing schools.
(iii) Additional staff of one teacher per school for 72 schools was provided where the strength warranted it.
(iv) One block of the community development project was transferred to Gulbarga District as per the Government decision; so four new two teacher schools and five extra teachers to the existing schools were provided to the places in Raichur District to substitute the provision and facilities of the block transferred to Gulbarga.
Besides this, 98 voluntary aided schools were converted into primary schools with Rs. 42-51 scale of pay at places having a population of 700 at a total cost of 9.51 lacs. Thirty one new single teacher primary schools of the scale of 42-54 were started at places having a population of 1000 or more. Five kindergarten schools of three teachers each were opened in Industrial and labour centres.
As a result of the schemes mentioned above, 542 posts of teachers were created in primary schools. In addition to this 500 rural teachers (apart from the 1500 teachers appointed laste year) were appointed this year under :the Government of India schemes to relieve educated unemployment, thus bringing the addition of teachers' posts in the primary schools to 1042. The primary school Domakonda was converted into a practising junior Basic School.
II BASIC EDUCATION: The State Government has accepted Basic Education as a suitable one at the primary stage and 109 junior Basic Schools with an enrolment of 7098 are functioning in the State.
III SECONDARY EDUCATION: Rs. 4.02 lakhs were proposed in the Five-Year Plan for Secondary Education whereas 2.31 lacs were provided in the budget.
Public enthusiasm and demand for further facilities of Secondary Education was shown by their providing extra accommodation free of rent on a permanent basis or by donation of buildings and contributing Rs. 1000 for each lower Secondary class and of Rs. 2000 for each Higher Secondary class-towards the non-recurring expenditure in view of this and in consideration of actual requirements, new lower and Higher secondary classes were opened in various Government Primary and Middle Schools respectively as under:-
Class V 16
Class VI 47
Class VII 59
Class VIII 1
Class IX 11
Class X 20
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Each of the new class opened was provided with an additional teacher of requisite qualifications. The number of different type of posts sanctioned for this purpose were:-
Grade Number of posts sanctioned
154-275 21
130-190 20
81-130 92
54-98 1/2 18
The Boys C. P. S. at Boath (Adilabad Distt.) has been raised to the status of Middle School. Five Middle and seven High Schools have been reorganised by reappropriation.
One post of Manual Instructor of the grade of Rs. 54-981/2 has been sanctioned for M. S. Boys Shamahabad. One post of Fitter (Mechanic of the grade Rs. 35-65 G. H. S. Nampally and a post of Kamgar for Boys M. S. Chakur have been sanctioned.
IV TRAINING OF TEACHERS: (a) Normal Training:-During the year under report the Department has started a graduate training College at Aurangabad and proposals were on the anvil for starting similar Colleges at Warangal and Gulbarge. These Colleges would be under the control of this Department and affiliated to the University. Twelve Training Institutions were functioning by the end of academic year 1954-55 and the number of trainees on the rolls including those in attached classes was 1580. The number of trained teachers in recognised institutions increased'; by 381 to make 10840 which is the total number of trained teachers in this State when compared with the preceding year.
(b) Basic Training:-In addition to the three Basic Training Centres already functioning in the State one more centre has been added by converting the Normal Training School into Basic Training School, at Mahboobnagar. The accommodation in Basic Training Schools has thus been increased from 160 to 320.
During the year 1954-55, 159 teachers received full training. In addition to this 10 trained graduate teachers under went training at Sevagram. Further with a view to hasten the process of conversion of ordinary primary schools into Basic Schools, 230 teachers were given short training in crafts to start with.
The percentage of untrained graduates employed during the recent years under development schemes is high. Osmania University could not provide more seats in its college of Education. Therefore, the existing training school at Aurangabad was upgraded to college of Education. The normal Training School at Mahboobnagar was converted into Basic Training School with a practising junior Basic School attached to it 230 teachers were given craft training (Short Course) in the institutions under Technical Education Department.
A short course training for five weeks was conducted as usual and about 1560 teachers had the benefit of this training.
Another important development was the conducting of a refresher course in English by Mr. J.C. Bruton under the auspices of the British Council in India, attended by 60 local teachers.
A Secondary Education Extension course was held for the States of Hyderabad, Andhra, Madras and Mysore. Twelve teachers were sent by this State to attend the course. This course was conducted by the United States Educational Foundation in India.
Nearly 500 teachers were given short course craft training for three months.
A Physical Education short course for Physical instructoresses was conducted in the City by the Inspectress of Physical Education.
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Evening Training Classes for Matriculates were started' in the twin cities of Hyderabad and Secunderabad and at Aurangabad.
Yet another important development was the conducting of Health Hygiene training classes to the teachers by I.M.A. and Medical and Health Department in the city and a few Districts. About 256 teachers had undergone the Training.
Four teachers were deputed to Mysore for attending workshop for writers of Neo-literate literature.
V. SOCIAL EDUCATION The number of Adults centres at the end of the year 1954-55 was 1367 and the number of adults attending the classes was 56,168.
A Janata College has been started at Domkonda in the month of October, 1954.
VI. EDUCATION OF THE SCHEDULED CASTES AND BACKWARD COMMUNITIES Education for the Children of Scheduled Castes is free and books and stationery are supplied free of cost to them. Some are supplied even with clothes. Stipends and other financial concessions also continued as in the previous years for pupils of Scheduled Castes and Backward Classes.
VII MISCELLANEOUS:
PHYSICAL EDUCATION.
MULTIPURPOSE SCHOOLS-
TRAINING:- A short course in Basic Training has been arranged for Trained Graduate teachers and officers at Baiknoor Centre in order to expedite the development schemes in respect of Basic Education.
Eleven additional Basic Training Schools in various Districts of the State and Secondary teachers Basic Training Schools at Aurangabad, Warangal and Gulbarga have been started to make up the dearth in trained personnel.
SECOND FIVE-YEAR PLAN:-
1. Primary Education. 2362.6 lakhs
2. Secondary Education. 1173.1 -do-
3. Miscellaneous Education 646.8 -do-
4. Social Education. 485.8 -do-
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SEMINARS AND WORKSHOPS:-1. The Teacher and his Training.
2. The Curriculum and methods of teaching.
3. Co-curricular activities.
4. Examination and Evaluation.
5. Organisation, Finance and Public Co-operation.
The Seminar formulated some simple projects which will be worked out by the Schools during the academic year.
A Secondary Education workshop was held for six weeks during April and May. Selected Headmasters and teachers from the States of Madras, Andhra, Mysore and Hyderabad, participated in the workshop. The reports from individual participants show that the method of mutual discussion amongst the members of the profession go a long way to improve the efficiency.
Two officers of the Educational Department were deputed to the Ministry of Education, Government of India for a short training of six weeks in vocational guidance.
MADRAS
PROGRESS OF EDUCATION IN THE MADRAS STATE-1954-55 There are two Universities in the State, the Madras University and the Annamalai University. The Madras University is an affiliating University and has also been discharging teaching functions. It has also a college of technology under its management. The Annamalai University is of the residential unitary type having faculties of arts, science, engineering, technology, teacher-training, music and Oriental learning. Excluding the departments directly managed by the Universities there were 40 arts colleges for men and 16 for women, the number maintained by the Government being 8 and 1, respectively. There were 27 professional colleges, 24 for men and 3 for women. The number of colleges for Oriental learning was 21 and there were also two music colleges.
The number of secondary schools was 826 for boys and 205 for girls with a total enrolment of 3,81,737 boys and l,26,582 girls. The number of elementary schools was 24,376 with an enrolment of 19,17,522 and 11,36,522 girls. There were 1,076 basic schools with a strength of 88,308 boys and 53,979 girls. The number of nursery schools was 33 and their strength was 1,048 boys and 882 girls. The number of professional and special schools with their strength is given below:-
NUMBER STRENGTH
For boys For girls For boys For girls
Normal Training Schools. 44 54 6471 6451
Basic Training Schools. 32 16 3586 1647
Technology Schools. 9 ... 4049 5
Industrial Schools. 31 ... 1428 30
Commercial Schools. 338 ... 20066 2183
Schools for Arts and Crafts. ... 18 6 959
Schools for Fine Arts. 3 ... 366 10
Oriental Schools. 56 1 2222 811
Schools for Defective children. 14 1 869 408
Social (Adult) Education Schools. 863 ... 22578 2078
Reformatory Schools. 6 3 2711 756
Others. 12 1 1499 97
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Achievements during 1954-55: Thirty four new secondary schools (18 under local bodies and 16 under Private Management) and three second grade colleges were opened during the year. Four second grade colleges were upgraded into First Grade colleges. A medical college was also opened during the year. 2800 elementary schools were opened under the Government of India scheme for the relief of the educated unemployed.
Achievements during 1955-56: Forty-four new secondary schools (31 under local bodies and 13 under private management) and Seven colleges (Six second grade and one first grade), were newly opened during the year. One second grade college was also upgraded into first grade. In addition new 5 Training Colleges have been opened.
Eighteen new Basic Training Schools (4 for men and four for women have been newly opened during the year in addition to 17 schools (10 for men and 7 for women) converted from ordinary into Basic Training institutions. In addition 11 ordinary training schools (8 for men and 3 for women) have also been opened.
Under the Government of India scheme for the educated unemployed 1054 elementary schools have also been opened during the year.
REPORT ON THE FIRST FIVE-YEAR PLAN AS IMPLEMENTED
DURING 1954-55
Development Schemes: The following are the schemes included in the First Five-Year Plan.
1. Primary Education including Basic Education
Expenditure on the scheme of compulsion and expansion scheme as also expenditure on all basic schools is included under this scheme.
2. University Education
The expenditure on the maintenance of B.Sc., classes in Government Arts College, Madras, expenditure on the maintenance of Degree classes in Government Arts College, Coimbatore 'and the entire expenditure on the maintenance of Government College of Technology, Coimbatore come under the Five-Year Plan.
3. Training of Teachers
Additional classes opened under the Post-War Development Scheme in the existing training schools are maintained under this scheme. Besides, the expenditure on the maintenance and opening of new Basic Training Schools is also included under this scheme.
4. Special Schools for Defective Children:
Under the scheme, all four Government schools for defective children are maintained and grants are paid to all the aided institutions.
5. Adult Education:
The entire expenditure on the maintenance and opening of Adult Literacy Schools and the training of Adult Literacy teachers is met from the Five-Year Plan, under the above head.
The expenditure incurred on the above schemes during the year 1954-55 as compared to the previous year's expenditure' is shown below:-
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Actual Expenditure Actual Expenditure
during 1953-54, during 1954-55.
1. Primary Education
including Basic. 29.95 lakhs 46.31 lakhs
2. University Education. 5.01 " 5.08 "
3. Training of teachers. 14.80 " 19.73 "
4. Special Schools for
defective children. 1.84 " 1.86 "
5. Adult Education. 5.27 " 4.12 "
In addition to the above schemes the following schemes sponsored by the Central Government were also implemented during the year 1954- 55.
1. Scheme No. 1 (vi) Intensive development of Coimbatore District. Elementary and Basic schools in Coimbatore District were improved and new schools opened under this Scheme.
2. Scheme No. 3 (c): Promotion of Hindi 21 candidates were given stipends for undergoing Pracharak Training in Hindi Vidyalayas run by the Dakshina Bharat Hindi Prachar Sabha. A grant of Rs. 2,138/- was received from the Government of India, towards an expenditure of Rs. 3,780/- incurred by the State Government under this Scheme.
3. Scheme No. 4 (b): Improvement of Selected Secondary Schools:
Building and equipment grants were paid to 19 high schools selected one from each Educational District at an approximate cost of Rs. 1,80,000/-.
4. Scheme No. 4(c): Improvement of Library Service. Expenditure incurred on account of payment of grants to local Library Authorities under section 13(3) of the Madras Public Library Act is included under this scheme.
5. Scheme No 4(g): Development of Urban Basic Schools. `3
Under this scheme Teaching, Maintenance, Building and Equipment grants were paid to Urban basic schools at an approximate cost of Rs. 10 lakhs.
Under this scheme craft equipments have been supplied to (1) Newly opened Basic Schools, (2) Converted Basic Schools and (3) Existing Basic Schools at an approximate cost of Rs. 1,48,000/-.
Under this scheme the Central Government sanctioned 3000 teachers for this State for opening schools in school-less centres and appointing additional teachers in Higher Elementary standards. The entire quota has been utilised during the year 1954-55 by opening single teacher schools and appointing additional teachers. About 2770 single teacher schools were opened during the year. A grant of Rs. 12,38,412/- was received from the Central Government for implementing this scheme.
ASSAM The following Schemes sponsored by the Ministry of Education, Government of India have been implemented by this State Government on a share basis.
68
Name of Scheme Expenditure incurred Targets achieved
during 1954-55.
1. Basic School of Rs. 7,960/- One Senior Basic School
of 8 grades. established.
2. Basic Training Rs. 38,578/- One Basic Training College
College. for Primary School teachers
established.
3. Two Junior Basic Rs. 13,720/- Two junior Basic Schools
Schools. to serve as practising Schools
established.
4. Five Community Rs. 20,446/- Five Community Centres
Centres. organised with effect from
1.4.54.
5. Integrated Library Rs.32,694/- One Regional Library with
Service. 5 Branch and 20 Unit
Libraries have been estab-
lished. A mobile Unit has
been set up with a Van.
6. J.A. Janata College Rs.26,602/- The College started to func-
tion with effect from 8.4.54
with 40 trainees.
7. Improvement of Rs.8,0001- During the year 10 Primary
Primary and Basic schools have been improved
Schools. into full-fledged Basic School.
8. Scheme to relieve edu- Rs.5,34,450/- 250 Intermediate passed and
cated unemployment. 700 matriculate teachers
were entertained.
9. Expansion of Basic Rs.2,95,974/- 7 Primary Teachers Train-
Education. ing Institutions have been
converted into Basic Train-
ing Institution. 100 Primary
Schools converted into Basic
Schools.
10. Propagation of Hindi Rs.16,000/- A Rastrabhasha Vidyalaya
has been established at
Gauhati, 2 trainees deputed
to Agra for higher studies
with stipend.
11. Preparation and Rs. 8,000/- Two books on Social Edu-
Publication of Litera- cation and two books on Basic
ture in Basic & Social Education with 10000 copies
Education. each published & distributed
free of charge.
12. Development of 11 Rs.16,500/- 11 Primary Schools were
Primary Schools-cum- converted into School-cum-
Community Centres. Community Centres.
13. Development of 11 Rs.35,600/- Teaching of two Crafts has
Secondary Schools. been introduced in 11 select-
ed Secondary Schools.
14. Improvement of Rs. 1,61,959/- One State Central Library
Library Service. and 7 District Libraries estab-
lished. Mobile unit set up
with 3 Vans.
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15. Urban Basic Schools. Rs.28,121/- Two schools established, one
at Gauhati and the other at
Nowgong.
16. Development of Rs. 21,160/- Two women teachers were
Pre-School Education. trained. Grant-in-aid was
given to 3 existing, and
3 new Non-Government
Nursery Schools.
All these schemes have been found to be very useful and popular, and should run on a permanent basis.
The building for the Post-Graduate Basic Training College and the Janata College have been constructed by the State Public Works Department. A sum of Rs. 29,381 /- was spent in addition to what has been shown above for the construction work during the financial year, 1954-55.
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71
KUTCH
Expenditure incurred Rs. 1,26,000 (non State's schemes)
during 1954-55 Rs. 37,400 (on Central schemes)
No. of Primary Schools Opened. 35
No. of Secondary Schools upgraded
into High Schools. 4
No. of Intermediate Colleges
upgraded to Degree College. 1
No. of Community Centre opened. 2
Bombay (1954-55)
No. of Name of the Scheme Amount of expenditure Total
Scheme. Recurring Non-recurring
Rs. Rs. Rs.
I (i) (a) PostGraduates' Basic 1,19,244/8/9 14,987/1/6 1,34,231/10/3
Training Centres.
I (ii) (a) Basic Training Colleges 2,70,241/7/6 1,000/- 2,71,241/7/6
I (ii) (b) Practising Schools 40,120/8/6 3,100/- 43,220/8/6
attached to Basic
Training Centres.
I (iii) 15 Community Centres 5,603/2/9 23,181/11/3 28,784/14/-
I(iv) Integrated Library Service 1,563/3/- 36,000/- 37,563/3/-
I (v) Janata Colleges Nil Nil Nil.
I (vi) Improvement of 300 19,140/-/- 2,14,260/- 2,33,400/-
Primary Schools.
III(c) Promotion of Hindi in 5,461/13/6 36,000/- 41,461/13/6
Non-Hindi Speaking
areas.
IV(a) Development of some 10,317/- 18,494/- 28,811/-
selected primary schools
as schools-cum-
community centres.
IV(b) Improvement of Nil 58,800/ 58,800/-
Secondary Schools.
IV(c) Improvement of 49,546/- Nil 49,546/-
Library Service.
V Improvements of some Nil 40,000/- 40,000-
selected primary
schools.
VI Grants to Institutions 5,788/- 41,778/- 47,566/-
doing important
educational or cultural
work.
72
PUNJAB
Progress Report of expenditure of Centrally sponsored Educational
Development Schemes 1954-55
Total Ex- Govt. of State's
Name of the Scheme penditure India's share Targets achieved
share
1. Educational prog- 38,69,259 31,44,688 7,24,571 300 teachers were
rammes to relieve appointed and 159
educated unemp- Social Education Centres;
loyment. already started were
maintained.
2. Intensive educational 81,020 61,777 19,243 A post Graduate Basic
Development in a Training College, a Janata
selected areas. College and a Senior
Basic Practising School
was opened. In these
institutions about 100,
30 and 350 pupils
respectively are trained
each year.
3. Research in Train- 2,496 2,496 ... Grants were given to
ing Colleges in six schools selected for
selected educational Pilot Project Scheme to
problems. equip them for new
research work. Research
fellow-ships could not be
instituted on account of
late sanction of the
scheme.
4. Improvement of 45,000 29,700 15,300 Seven schools were
selected Secondary improved. Furniture,
Schools. equipment, science appa-
ratus and libraries of the
schools were improved.
5.Development of 18,100 12,000 6,100 Building grants were
selected primary given to 8 Municipalities
schools, as school to improve buildings
cum-community of primary schools at
centres. District Headquarters.
6. Establishment of 24,600 16,236 8,364 Building grants were
Urban Basic Schools. given to 2 Basic Schools
in the State.
7. Introduction of
Crafts in schools.
8. Developing Agen-
cies of pre-school These could not be
education implemented.
9. Training of Tea-
chers and workers
in the field of
social education.
73
Total Ex- Govt. of State's
Name of the Scheme penditure India's share Targets achieved
10. Implementation of Adjustment is still to
the recommendation be made and the matter
of the Secondary is under correspondence
Education Commi- 48,61,857 with the Government of
ssion. India and the Accoun-
tant General, Punjab.
11. Grants-under scheme 52,272 52,272 ... Grants were given to
No. 6 two institutions for the
expansion of basic edu-
cation.
BHOPAL
Regarding Progress of Educational Development _Schemes during 1954-55.
Targets achieved and expenditure incurred respectively
Basic Training College (one) Rs. 42,785
Practising Schools (two) Rs. 8,818
Model Community Centres (five) Rs. 13,323
Integrated Library (one) Rs. 13,188
Janata College (one) Rs. 8,247
Development of Primary Schools (two) Rs. 1,532
Development of Secondary Schools (two) Rs. 18,692
Improvement of Library Service
(One Central two Distt.) Rs. 52,256
Urban Basic School (one) Rs. 14,991
Relief of Educated Unemployed Rs.3,07,366
Rural Teachers employed 243 excluding 96 of previous year. Social Education Workers 30 excluding 15 of previous year. Implementation of Recommendation of Secondary Education Commission Rs. 15,682/- under various items including two multipurpose schools.
HIMACHAL PRADESH
2 junior Basic schools
5 Community Centres
Expenditure incurred Rs. 11,360/-
Bilaspur
One Basic Training College for junior teacher
Expenditure Rs. 23,222/-
2 junior Basic Schools Expenditure Rs. 14,2241-
Five Model Community Centres Expenditure Rs. 15,000/-
Integrated Library Services Expenditure Rs. 55,000/-
ANDAMAN Two single teacher primary schools were opened in colonisation area. Expenditure incurred was Rs. 2,109.
74
MADHYA BHARAT
PROGRESS OF WORK OF EDUCATION DEPARTMENT UNDER THE
PLAN DURING 1954-55 A sum of Rs. 2,33,13,922/- in which the Central contribution will be Rs. 32,72,552/- has been provided for Educational Development under the First Five-Year Plan. The total expenditure till 31st March 1954 was Rs. 32.71 lacs in which the Central contribution was Rs. 1.48 lacs. In the year 1954-55 the actual expenditure was Rs. 4.73 lacs. The expenditure under various heads of development is as under:-
S. No. Scheme State Centre Total
(In lacs)
1. Primary Education 20.13 2.42 22.55
2. Basic Education. 1.60 1.40 3.0
3. Secondary Education 6.74 ... 6.74
4. University Education. .19 .... .19
5. Technical & Vocational
Education 5.52 0.50 6.02
6. Social Education 2.49 .41 2.90
7. Other Schemes:
Women's Education 5.43 ... 5.43
8. Administration .68 ... .68
Total: 42.78 4.73 47.51
The progress during the year 1954-55 under various heads of development is as follows:
Primary Education: Under this head the following schemes have been included:-
EXPENDITURE
(in lacs)
1. Compulsory Primary Education 12.73
2. Educational programme to relieve
educated unemployment. 3.11
3. Equipment for 1000 Primary Schools 0.27
" " Existing Primary Schools. 0.60
4. Construction of Buildings for Primary Schools 4.07
1. Compulsory Primary Education
Up to March 1954 the number of teachers appointed was 1800 and
the number of new schools opened was 975. For 1954-55 there was no
programme for the expansion of Compulsory Primary Education. However,
three Assistant Attendance Officers were appointed in the district
Gird, Ujjain and Shivpuri respectively for the supervision of Primary
Schools. The present number of Primary Schools, number of teachers
and the number of boys district-wise is given below:-
S. No. Name of District. No. of Pri. Schools. No. of teachers
1. Gird. 203 274
2. Bhind. 27 50
3. Guna. 60 79
4. Morena. 24 59
5. Shivpuri. 41 59
6. Ujjain. 46 146
7. Shajapur. 45 64
75
S. No. Name of District. No. of Pri. Schools. No. of teachers
8. Bhilsa 38 51
9. Mandsaur 68 119 10. Ratlam 69 115
11. Rajgarh 41 53
12. Indore 51 305
13. Dhar 58 73
14. Jhabua 64 75
15. Dewas 34 78
16. Nimar 107 200
Total 975 1800
As against 131 teachers appointed during 1953-54, 569 teachers
have been appointed during 54-55 respectively. Thus the total targets
of 400-200 teachers of 53-54 and 54-55 respectively have been
achieved.
District-wise distribution of teachers:-
S. No. Name of District. No. of teachers. No. of Schools.
1. Bhilsa 16 13
2. Bhind 52 38
3. Dewas 10 8
4. Dhar 40 32
5. Gird 42 22
6. Guna 39 27
7. Indore 45 25
8. Jhabua 30 27
9. Mandsaur 34 28
10. Morena 46 36
11. Nimar 83 65
12. Rajgarh 26 17
13. Ratlam 11 8
14. Shajapur 33 23
15. Shivpuri 28 20
16. Ujjain 34 20
Total 569 409
To remove the shortage of proper equipment a sum of Rs. 33,420/-
for 1000 Primary Schools and 65,860/- for existing Primary Schools was
provided during the period under review.
The number of Primary Schools Buildings constructed up to March
1954 was 13. During 1954-55 the work of 3 Primary School Buildings
has been undertaken. An amount of Rs. 5,07,100 has been allotted to
the Collectors for the construction of Gram Bhawans on contributory
basis.
76
Basic Education:-
Under this head the following schemes have been included:
1. Conversion of Primary Schools into Basic Schools. 204,719
2. Basic Training Schools for Primary School Teachers. 34,981
3. Conversion of existing Normal Schools into Basic Schools. 29,362
4. Existing Basic Training Schools. 33,247
Total Expenditure in lacs- 1.40 Central & 1.60 State.
Conversion of Primary Schools into Basic Schools:-
As against 75 Primary Schools converted into Basic Schools last
year 207 Primary Schools have been converted into Basic Schools during
the year 1954-55. The total number of Primary Schools thus converted
into Basic Schools so far is 282.
Basic Training Schools for Primary School Teachers
No new Basic Training School was to be started during the period
under review. The total expenditure over the existing Basic Training
Schools during 1954-55 was Rs. 33,247/-.
3. Conversion of existing Normal Schools into Basic.
There was no programme to convert any of the existing Normal
Schools into Basic schools.
Under the above head the following schemes have been included:-
1. Construction of Buildings for Middle schools.
2. Construction of Buildings for Secondary schools.
3. Equipment for existing Middle schools. .60 lacs.
4. Grant in-aid to Secondary schools. 369.051.
Construction of Buildings for Middle and High Schools
The number of Middle school buildings and Secondary school
buildings completed up till 1954 is Sixteen and four respectively.
Out of the fixed target of eight Middle school buildings and eight
High school buildings the work of six Middle school buildings and five
High school buildings could be taken in hand.
Land acquisition was the main difficulty in achieving the target
fixed for the year. The following table gives the details about the
buildings during the period under review:-
S.No. District School Estimated cost Remarks
1. Morena Porsa 64,558 Under construction.
2. Rajgarh Sarangpur 64,558 -do-
3. Guna Shadhora 64,558 -do-
4. Shajapur Nalkheda 64,558 -do-
5. Dhar Dharampuri 64,558 -do-
6. Jhabua Petlawad 64,558 -do-
7. Bhilsa Masoodpur 64,558 Work will be taken up during 1955-56.
8. Bhilsa Bhilsa 64,55 -do-
77
1. Girls' High School, Bhind 45,000 Under construction
2. Guna -do- Gundsaur, 45,000 -do-
3. Mandsaur -do- Mandsaur 26,000 -do-
4. -do- -do- Neemuch 45,000 -do-
5. Rajgarh -do- Narsingarh 45,000 Work will be taken up in 55-56.
6. Shajapur -do- Shajapur 22,000 Under construction
7. Gird Primary School, Dabra 13,100 in 1955-56.
8. Morena Md. School, Morena 64,000 -do-
To remove the shortage of proper equipment a sum of Rs. 65,850/-
was provided during 1954-55.
To encourage private enterprise in the field of Secondary
education a sum of Rs. 3,71,351 has been given as grant-in-aid to
private institutions.
University Education (Special Education).
Under the above head the following schemes have been included:-
Expenditure 1. Opening of Research Section in Scindia Oriental Institute, Ujjain. 7,772
2. Opening of Psychological Bureau. 10,109
3. Reorganisation of Central Library, Lashkar. 1,657
1. Opening of Research Section in Scindia Oriental Institute, Ujjain
The total expenditure over this institution during 1954-55 was
Rs. 7,772. A considerable sum was utilised for purchasing 454
valuable Mss. and 475 other rare books. The total number of such
books is now 9,775 and 3,783 respectively. The institution has a plan
to publish a quarterly.
2. Opening of Psychological Bureau
The estimate of total expenditure provide in the scheme is Rs.
43,870/-. The institution is being organised at Dewas. A sum of Rs.
10,109/- was provided during the period under review for books
equipment.
3. Reorganisation of Central Library, Lashkar
In 1954-55 a sum of Rs. 34,973/- was provided for the purchase of
books and for additional staff. The post of trained librarian could
not be filled for want of trained and qualified man. As the
administrative sanction was not received the sum for the purchase of
books could not be utilised.
Under the above head the following schemes have been included:-
1. Opening of Technical & Vocational Centres:-
a. Agriculture b. Weaving 1,48,395/ c. Carpentry
2. Construction of Technical 'and Vocational Buildings- ... ... ... ...
3. Normal Schools. 84,831/-
4. Reorganisation of School of Art, Indore. 6,021-
5. Central Technical Institute, Lashkar (Gwalior). 1,00,000/-
6. Aid for and expansion of Technical Education 2,00,000/-
78
1. Opening of Technical and Vocational Centres
These centres have been started to give training in Agriculture,
Carpentry and Weaving Crafts to the grown up children of the
traditional craftsmen so as to prevent them from cutting off their
mooring and give them scientific training of the craft so that they
may feel proud of their profession.
During the period under review the following centres have been
opened:-
S. No Craft Place Total No. of Centres by the end of 1955.
1. Agriculture. Ratlam District 3
2. Weaving. Bhonti (Shivpuri) 9 Mhow (Bhind) Rampura (Mandsaur) Jaora (Ratlam) Sujalpur (Shajapur) Ranapura (Jhabua) Harsola (Indore)
3. Carpentry Nagda (Ujjain) Bhind (Bhind) Sabalgarh (Morena) 8 Behant (Gird) Hatod (Indore)
20
2. Construction of Technical & Vocational Buildings
By March 1954 the number of such buildings was three as against
the fixed target of 23 Technical and Vocational buildings. The work
of 14 buildings could be taken in hand. The main difficulty again was
in the acquisition of land.
3. Normal Schools
Commensurate with the policy of opening new training schools of
the basic pattern only, no new Normal schools were opened during the
period under review.
4. Reorganisation of School of Art, Indore
Rs. 6.02 1 /- were spent during the period under review. The
amount earmarked for scholarship could not be utilised for want of
Government sanction.
5. Reorganisation of Central Technical Institute, Lashkar
Reorganisation of the above institute has been included in the
plan and National Certificate courses recommended by the All-India
Council for Technical Education are proposed to be introduced. When
reorganised the Central Technical Institute is expected to serve as a
Polytechnic catering for the needs of students desirous of pursuing
diversified courses of study in Technical Branches. A sum of Rs.
1lakh which is to be equally share by the Central and State
Governments was utilised for providing equipment to the institution.
6. Aid for. the Expansion of Technical Education
During the period under review a sum of Rs. 2,00,000/- (Rupees
two lakhs) was given as grant-in-aid to Govind Ram Sakseria
Technological Institute, Indore, to provide education for the National
Diploma Courses.
79
Under the above head the following schemes have been included:-
Expenditure Rs.
1. Social Education Centres. 87,031 (Social Advisory Board, Indore including Cinevan). 6,500
2. Library and Reading rooms. 1,09,000
3. Social Education Centres under Educational programme to relieve educated unemployment. 24,370
4. Jiwaji Observatory, Ujjain. 18,615
5. Community Centres. 30,310
6. Integrated Library Service, Dabra. 10,000
7. Development of Primary Schools as 5,974 Schools-cum-Community Centres. 87,031
1 Social Education Centres
During the year under report 33 new Social Education Centres were
opened as compared with seven Centres last year.
2. Library and Reading-rooms
Libraries and Reading-rooms have been established to provide
suitable reading material to neo-literates so that they may not lapse
into illiteracy. It is a follow-up method for maintaining literacy.
During the year under report 100 libraries were opened.
3. Social Education Centres under Educational Programme to
Relieve Educated Unemployment.
Under the unemployment scheme of Government of India 33 full time
Social Education Centres have been opened as against seven in 1953-54.
4. Community Centres and School-cum-Community Centres.
Under Scheme No. 1 and 4 of the Government of India a well
planned Community Centres at Chimak, Bhitarwar, Salbai, Pichhore and
Dabra have been opened all in the project area. 16 school-cum-
community centres have also been opened in the 16 districts of Madhya
Bharat.
5. Integrated Library Service-Dabra
A Central Library has been located at Dabra (Harsi project area)
under which 50 branch libraries are working. Every branch library has
a separate reading room where a box containing 30 to 40 books is sent
from the Central Library by rotation. These Branch libraries are
located within a radius of seven miles from the Central Library.
6. Cinevans
During the period under review three new cinevans have been
purchased at a total cost of Rs. 86,320/-. The total number of
cinevans now is four. Out of these four cinevans one is kept at
Headquarters and the remaining three are given to three regions-
Gwalior, Ujjain and Indore.
80
1. Women's Education
Under the head Women's Education the following schemes have been
included:
Expenditure Rs.
(a) Malav Kanya Inter. College, Indore ... 46,099
(b) Girls' High Schools. ... 1,15,390
(c) Girls' Middle Schools. ... 59,606
(d) Girls' Primary Schools. ... 2,79,854
(e) Women's Normal School, Ujjain. ... 34,897
During the period under review, to give increasing facilities for
girls education, five Middle schools have been upgraded to High
schools as against four during the year 1953-54. The total number of
Girls' Middle schools thus upgraded to High Schools is 13.
Eight Primary schools have been upgraded to Middle schools during
1954-55. The total number of Primary schools upgraded to Middle
schools during the first four years of the Plan period is 18.
The total number of Primary schools opened during the first Five-
Year Plan upto March 1954 was 476. During 1954-55 new Primary schools
were opened.
The total cost during the plan is Rs. 1,49,247/- A sum of Rs.
40,000/was provided in the budget in 1954-55.
Owing to the increase in the number of schools and expansion in
the various activities of the Department it was essential to provide
sufficient administrative staff to deal with the new situation. The
amount provided in the budget is Rs. 4,01,281/-. The expenditure
during the year 1954-55 is Rs. 67,646/-.
At present the following additional staff is working at the Head-
quarter:--
1. Dy. Director 1 5. Accountant 1
2. Asstt. Inspectors 2 6. U.D.C. 3
3. Superintendent 1 7. L.D.C. 4
4. Stenographer 1 8. Peons 6
The Statistical Section is established in the Office of the
Director of Education to collect currently all relevant facts and
figures regarding the development of education in the State.
81
TRIPURA
SHORT DESCRIPTIVE MEMORANDA OF EACH INDIVIDUAL SCHEME
SPONSORED BY THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA AND BY THE STATE
GOVERNMENT UNDER THE FIRST FIVE-YEAR PLAN-EDUCATIONAL
DEVELOPMENT SCHEME.
A total ceiling of Rs. 30,50,000/- was fixed by the Planning
Commission for educational development scheme under First Five-Year
Plan-sponsored by the State Government. Out of total ceiling of Rs.
30,50,000/- a sum of Rs. 22,14,000,/- was earmarked for constructional
work and Rs. 8,36,000/for the items other than construction.
Out of the total allotment for constructional work a sum of Rs.
5,05,000/will be split over into the Second Five-Year Plan. Many of
the items of construction involving large sums of money, have been
held up due to the constant need of reference for technical and other
sanctions from the Central Public Works Department. In outlining the
scheme for the Second Five-Year Plan, the state have proposed mostly
such constructional works which are within the competence of the
Superintending Engineer, in respect of technical approval etc. We
have also in conjunction with Works and Building Department evolved
units of construction consisting largely of light structures like
Alluminium roofing etc.
Under the States' Five-Year Plan a ceiling of Rs. 1,25,000/- was
fixed and approved by the Planning Commission, Government of India.
The best efforts have been and are being made for the wider schooling
facilities to the children of age group 6-11 and to improve the
condition of Primary school houses, steps have been taken in right
earnest. Whenever possible, the Government have contributed liberally
to the Managing Committees for construction of school houses. The
percentage of school-going children of the age group 6-11 receiving
free Primary education which was only 29% of the total population of
this age group during 1949-50 was raised to above 50% during 1954-55.
During the year 1953-54, 28 Matriculates and eight Graduates have
been trained in Basic education. 26 Primary School teachers also
underwent training in Basic education during 1954-55. 50 teachers are
under training in Basic education in the Basic Training College,
Agartala this year. During the current year a short-course training
in Basic education was imparted to 200 Primary teachers. Provision
for training of 100 teachers per year has also been made and this will
take effect from the next year.
For strengthening the staff of existing Primary schools 40
teachers were appointed during 1954-55 and 40 more during 1955-56.
The Basic system of elementary education has been accepted by
this State and suitable efforts are being made for gradual
introduction of this system in the Elementary schools. It has been
possible to start as many as four Senior Basic schools and ten junior
Basic schools in the State.
A Basic Training College was started in 1954-55 for the training
of undergraduate teachers and a Post-Graduate wing has been added to
this College this year for training of graduate teachers. This year
20 graduates will be given Basic Training in this wing.
82
A total ceiling of Rs. 8,15,000/- was approved and fixed by the
Planning Commission under this Scheme. Out of this a sum of Rs.
6,29,900 /- was earmarked for constructional work and Rs. 186,000/-
for the items other than construction.
Attempts are being made to raise the standard of efficiency and
teaching in Secondary schools. To encourage girls in receiving
education in Secondary schools, co-education has also been introduced
into five of the existing Government High Schools. No tuition fees
are charged from them in Government High Schools. Besides this, there
are two Government Girls' High Schools in the State. Three Girls M.E.
Schools have also been up graded to junior High Schools during 1954-
55.
About 10% of the age group 11-14 and 5% of the age group 14-17
are in Secondary schools at present. Attempts are being made to raise
the percentage of children of this age group.
For strengthening the staff of existing Secondary schools
appointments of some personnel have been made and more will be
appointed during 1955-56. The pupil-teacher ratio in all Government
Schools is never below 20 : 1
Last year, 15 Graduates were sent to undergo training in B.T.
Course ill West Bengal and they have all returned after completion of
their training and their services are being utilised for the right
purposes. This year, 14 Graduate teachers and two Sub-Inspectors have
been sent to undergo training in B. T. Coure in West Bengal.
About Rs. 2,12,000/- from the ceiling of Rs. 6,29,000/- will be
spilt over into the Second Five-Year Plan.
There is only one Government College, namely M.B.B. College at
Agartala. In the first Five-Year Plan a total ceiling of Rs.
20,00,000/- was fixed for the development of this college. Rs.
15,35,000/- was earmarked for the expansion of College buildings,
hostels etc. and Rs. 4,65,000/- was allotted for the purchase of
library books, laboratory equipment and other teaching appliances etc.
Maharaja Bir Bikram College, Agartala started functioning with
419 students in 1st year (I.A. and I.Sc.) class and 45 in 3rd Year
(B.A.) class since 29th September, 1947 under the direct management of
the State Government.
An evening section in I.A. (Commerce Course) was started in 1954
to enable Government employees to prosecute their studies. N.C.C.
organisation has been started in this College from 1952. Its present
position is as follows:-
(1) One boys senior Div. (Army Wing) -5 Officers & 154 Cadets.
(2) Two units of girls Senior Div. -2 Officers & 60 Cadets.
Tripura Lokashikshalaya has been converted into a Senior Basic
school with a view to impart Basic education in Technical and
Vocational courses to the students. Some crafts have also been
introduced for improvement and remodelling the standard of teaching on
Basic line. Three Craft teachers have also been appointed during
1954-55 under this scheme. For training of crafts arrangements have
also been made in the Training-Cum-Works-Centre. Arrangements have
been made to depute 40 teachers to undergo training of crafts in the
Training-Cum-Works-Centre this year.
The target as envisaged in our original Plan will be fully
achieved before the end of the Plan period.
83
Under this scheme, efforts have been and are being made to give
facilities to tribal people to receive free education at all stages.
At present tribal students are receiving free education upto
collegiate standard in the State. There are 90 Primary schools
exclusively in the tribal areas. To encourage the tribal students in
receiving education, boarding houses have been provided for them in
Sadar and in Sub-Divisions. Grants-in-aid have been and are being
made to school committees for construction of the school houses and
thus to provide better facilities and accommodation for tribal boys.
Books grants were also paid to as many as 49
students during 1954-55.
The physical targets achieved are shown below:-
1. Award of stipends and starting of 90 Primary
schools.
2. Starting of 12 Boarding houses.
3. Starting of one junior Basic School.
4 Appointment of teachers and two Sub-Inspectors
of Schools.
As regards level of expenditure details are shown
below:-
Allotment Expenditure Expenditure expected to be in- incurred. curred at the end of the Plan period.
Amount sanctioned 4,81,000
Amount proposed. 2,31,900 3,98,567 5,90,000
CENTRAL FIVE-YEAR PLAN
To improve the technique of Basic education and to develop
methods of training teachers of average ability and ordinary
qualifications, a Basic Training College has already been started
during 1954-55, at Agartala. In the first year, only 26 teachers have
been trained and during 1955-56, arrangements have been made for
training of 50 trainees. Only Primary school teachers are being
trained in the College. An experimental model school has also been
started this year for practising purposes as also for undertaking
research in curriculum, teaching methods etc. of Basic education.
During the year 1955-56, 200 Primary school teachers under went a
short course training in Basic education.
Besides these, the Government of India, Ministry of Education
have sanctioned starting one Senior Basic Demonstration school and a
post-Graduate wing of the Basic Training College at Agartala, this
year. Post-Graduate Basic classes in the training College will start
in the first week of September with 20 graduates on an experimental
basis.
Education in the pre-secondary stage is gradually being patterned
on the Basic line (a full-fledged Basic school with eight classes as
per summary recommendations of the Planning Commission), the post-
graduate wing of the Basic Training College will be of immense help in
supplying Basic trained graduate teachers for the purpose of
converting the Elementary schools into full fledged senior Basic type.
To solve the problem of educated unemployment it is proposed to
appoint 300 teachers and 400 Social Workers during 1954-55.
The rural teachers appointed during 1953-54 have been utilised
for strengthening the existing staff of the rural Primary schools
which were so long being run as single teacher schools. Some of the
teachers have been posted in the schools which have been newly started
or taken over from the private committees.
84
In Tripura State, the Primary schools were very poorly equipped
and with grant received from the Government of India, furniture,
equipment and other teaching equipment have been purchased for them.
There was one Central Library at Agartala and 19,146 books in the
Library at the end of 1954-55. More books will be purchased this
year. For integrated Library service there are seven Sub-Divisional
Libraries housed in Government High School building. 4726 books have
been lent out to all the Sub-Divisional Libraries from the Central
Library. 4057 new books have been purchased during 1954-55 for the
seven Sub-Divisional Libraries.
One mobile unit has been sanctioned this year for distribution of
books to people of rural areas, so that a major portion of educated
people may share the scope of reading library books.
During 1954-55, 13,210 books were read in the Central Library.
14,522 books were lent out to readers and the number of memebrs was
585.
In seven Sub Divisional Libraries 6216 books were read in the
Libraries 7717 books were lent out and there were 475 numbers.
Better provision for development of Library services throughout
the State has been made under the Second Five-Year Plan.
This scheme is in operation since 1954-55. The amount sanctioned
last year was fully utilised by giving grant into three existing
Centres of Rastra Bhasa Prachar Samiti, for promotion of Hindi in the
local area.
This year it is proposed to establish one Hindi teachers'
Training Centre at Agartala for appointment of 11 whole time Hindi
Pracharaks, Grant-in-aid for the purchase of library books for Hindi
Libraries. Grant-in-aid to six Centres of Rastra Bhasa Prachar Samiti
in different Sub-Divisions, 'ten Scholarships for Higher Education in
Hindi etc, This will invariably encourage easy and quick propagation
of Hindi in these areas. Best efforts are being made for promotion of
Hindi in the State. More provision has been made under the Second
Plan.
Primary schools at Agartala seldom have good school houses of
their own, and most of them are housed in High schools in the morning
shift and are poorly equipped. It causes serious dislocation in the
regular tutional work of both the Primary and High schools. To
improve the condition of these schools, it is proposed to construct
the buildings for ten Primary schools located in the intensive
education area.
Sanction has been received from the Government of India for the
first quarter and the scheme will be implemented before the end of the
Plan period, and fund sanctioned therefor will be fully utilised.
Two Senior Basic schools under the project were started in 1954-
55. Sanction has also been received from the Government of India for
two Urban Senior Basic schools in 1954-55 accepting the construction
portion which has been sanctioned this year. Steps are being taken to
complete the school within a very short period.
Sanction for establishment of five more Urban Basic schools is
expected to be received from the Government of India this year.
The entire amount as sanctioned under the scheme will be fully
utilised at the end of the plan period.
85
During the year 1954-35 the Government of India sanctioned Rs. 3
14,000 under the scheme. The full amount sanctioned for the purpose
could not be utilised as the sanction reached us at the end of the
year and the standard list of equipment for Multipurpose school was
yet under consideration of separate committees. Only Rs. 61,300/- was
utilised for the purchase of books, minor equipment, furniture and
other teaching appliances.
The following new schemes have also been proposed for
implementation during the year 1955-56:
(1) Improvement of teaching in science in three exist-
ing High schools.
(2) Improvement of teaching in three existing High
schools.
(3) Improvement of school libraries in five existing
High schools.
(4) Introduction of crafts in Middle schools.
(5) Training of teachers.
(6) Miscellaneous schemes-Seminars, Bulletine etc.
The above schemes if sanctioned in time will be implemented
during the Plan period.
As regards level of expenditure under the scheme expected to be
reached at the end of the plan period, the amount proposed for the
items other than works, is likely to be utilised in full. As regards
construction, Works and Building Department may be requested for
utilisation of the amount so sanctioned for the purpose of
constructional works.
Subject:-Developments in Basic (Primary and Middle) Education,
1954-55.
At the 22nd meeting of the C. A. B. E. held at New Delhi on the
12th to 14th January, 1955, the Board, while considering the report on
the Developments in Basic (Primary & Middle) Education 1953-34
recommended as follows-
"All the States should in future submit their reports in this behalf on the proforma circulated to them. If there was any difficulty about any particular item of information, it should be referred to the Central Government for clarification or modification of the proforma, if necessary."The above recommendation of the Board was circulated to the State Government on 29.6.55. The proforma was circulated to the State Governments on 12.8.55. Information has been received from the Governments of Bihar, Bombay Madhya Pradesh Punjab, Pepsu, Rajasthan, Travancore & Cochin, Ajmer, Coorg, Manipur Information is still awaited from the remaining States.
PROGRESS OF BASIC EDUCATIONL DEVELOPMENT PLANS
IMPLEMENTED BY THE STATE GOVERNMENTS DURING 1954-55.
ANDHRA
ASSAM
BOMBAY
MADHYA PRADESH
ORISSA
UTTAR PRADESH
PUNJAB
MADRAS
WEST BENGAL
HYDERABAD
PEPSU
TRAVANCORE-COCHIN
MADHYA BHARAT
MYSORE
RAJASTHAN
SAURASHTRA
AJMER
BHOPAL
KUTCH
TRIPURA
COORG
DELHI