115
1. Junior Technical School.
2. Apprentice Training.
3. Three Higher Technological Institutions, Western, Southern and Northern.
4. Improvement of salary Scale% of Teachers.
5. Scholarships and free places.
6. Forty New Polytechnics.
7. New Engineering Colleges.
8. Staff Quarters.
9. Training of Foremen.
Short notes about these are given below:-
1. junior Technical Schools Provision of diversified educational opportunities for boys at the schoolleaving age viz. 14 plus, has been suggested by the Secondary Education Commission, the All-India Council for Technical Education and other bodies as an important aspect of the future education development in the country. Establishment of junior technical schools represents the most desired form of such opportunities which will help the boys eventually to find productive occupations in life. The object of the school is to give boys at the age of 14 plus a three-year course of general and technical education and technical training in the different engineering trades and equip them to become skilled workers. It is proposed to establish during the Second Five-Year Plan 450 junior Technical Schools.
2. Apprentice Training The scheme provides for establishment of ten schools of industry to be undertaken in collaboration -with industry and for provision for part-time course of the National Certificate standard in ten existing technical institutions. A course of apprenticeship extending over five years is-envisaged for schoolleavers. Two-thirds of the time will be spent by the apprentices in the factory and the workshop and- the rest in the institution. The method of arranging the course will be left to the organisation of the school and the industry. It may be a sandwich course-two weeks in the industry and one week in the school or it may be by getting one and a half to two days' release from the workshops and factories. It is. proposed that each school should deal with 150 students at a time.
3. Three Higher Technological Institutions The Sarkar Committee set up by the Government in 1946 recommended that four institutions be established in India, one each in each region on the lines of the Massachussets Institute of Technology. The first of these has been established at Kharagpur in West Bengal. During the Second Plan period, it is proposed to establish the other three institutions. The Sarkar Committee had estimated the non- recurring cost at Rs. 5.2 crores per institution and recurring cost at Rs. 44 lakhs. When fully established, each one of these institutions will have strength of 800 students at undergraduate level and 600 at the Post-graduate level.
4. Improvement of Salary Scales of Teachers' It is generally recognised that the salary scales of teachers should be immediately improved not only in the interests of education but for meting out social justice to teachers. So far as Technical education is concerned, the problem has assumed special importance and urgency. All our efforts to promote Technical education in the country will be set at nought if the teachers of the right type are not attracted to technical institutions. The Coordinating Committee of the All-India Council has examined this matter in great detail and has recommended the following scales of salaries for teachers in technical institutions:
116
(a) For institutions doing work at the University first degree or
equivalent levet:
Professors Rs. 1250-1500
Lecturers Rs. 400-800-selection grade-1000.
Instructors Rs. 250-500
(b) For institutions doing work at the diploma level;
Principal Rs. 800-1250
Head of Departments Rs. 400-800-selection grade-1000.
and Lecturers
Instructors Rs. 250-500.
Barring a few institutions the prevalent scales of salaries are very much less than the ones proposed above. The Second Five-Year Plan therefore includes proposals for improving the salary scales of teachers at a total expenditure of Rs. 360 lakhs for the whole period.
5. Scholarships and Free Places Technical Education is very expensive. In the present economic conditions of the majority of the people, meritorious students of the right type find it most difficult to pursue the long and expensive technical courses without suitable assistance in the form of scholarships, free places etc. from the State.' The number of scholarships, and free places available at present in our technical institutions is not only thoroughly inadequate but not of much assistance to the students. The Second Five-Year Plan therefore includes a scheme for instituting full-paid scholarships for about 5% of the total enrolment of 40,000 students pursuing degree and diploma courses in the Technical institutions. It is estimated that for this scheme of 3000 scholarships each of the average value of Rs. 1000/- per annum, an expenditure of Rs. 100 lakhs will be necessary during the Plan period.
6. Forty New Polytechnics There is at present an acute shortage of overseers and other supervisory personnel and reports are being received from the State Governments, Industry Central Government Departments and other quarters that this shortage is adversely affecting the progress of the various developments projects. The shortage will be felt all the more keenly when new development projects which call for a large number of technical personnel at the supervisory level are undertaken during the Second Plan Period. The ratio of the present in-take into the diploma course to that in the degree courses is also not proper. Taking the three branches of Civil, Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, the 1954 figures show a ratio of 1:1.6 for degree diploma courses. The ratio on the other hand, should be 1:5. Both the All-India Council for Technical Education and the Planning Commission have carefully examined this matter and have recommended that urgent and adequate steps should be taken to expand the facilities for technical education at the diploma level. The Second Five-Year Plan of Technical Education, therefore, includes establishment of 40 new diploma institutions during the Plan Period.
7. Establishment of New Engineering Colleges The All-India Council for Technical Education had originally recommended that in the matter of establishment of new engineering colleges, highest priority should be given for such States which at that time had no Engineering College. At that time, the three important States which did not have engineering colleges of their own were Assam, Orissa and Madhya Pradesh. On this basis it was proposed in the draft Second Five-Year Plan that only three new engineering colleges be established during the Plan Period. For this purpose a provision of Rs. 115 lakhs was made for the whole Plan Period. Subsequently, when the different States prepared their plans for development of irrigation, power, communications, industry, etc., it was
117
observed that some of them viz. Hyderabad, Andhra, Bombay, etc. will find it difficult to get the required personnal for the execution of their projects. These States together which Assam, Orissa, Pepsu and Madhya Bharat States included in their respective plans proposals for establishment of new engineering colleges in their areas. As the question whether any particular State should have a new engineering college required to be examined in great detail in relation to the existing facilities available in its area, the order of its requirements for degree holders in engineering and technology and other relevant factors, it was decided that only a tentative provision be made in the plans of those States which had asked for new engineering colleges and the final decision in this respect be taken only after the All-India Council had examined the matter.
8. Staff quarters Provision has been made in the Plan for giving interest bearings loans to Government and non-Government institutions for the construction of Staff quarters for engineering and technological institutions imparting instruction at degree and diploma level. Another category of personnel coming under the scope of the scheme are the teachers proposed to be appointed in the Junior Technical- Schools. Tentative estimates for staff quarters have been made on the basis of an average estimate over Rs. 10,000 per teacher in digree and diploma institutions and Rs. 5,000/- for a teacher in junior Technical Schools.
9. Training of Foremen This scheme whose objective is to train foremen for industry is included in the Second Five Year-Plan for Technical Education at the instance of the Planning 'Commission. At present there are two categories of persons from which foremen are drawn by industry. The, first category consists of persons who have had training in the Diploma Institutions; the second consists of persons who joined industry as skilled workers and have risen by virtue of their experience. The former have the requisite theoretical knowledge and academic training, but lack practical experience. The latter possess the requisite practical experience but lack technical education. The objective of the scheme therefore is to provide in certain selected institutions or else-where facilities for technical education for persons in Industry who wish to equip themselves for supervisory positions like foremen, chargemen etc.
118
ANNEXURE I
Scheme Estimated Expenditure
No. Name of the Scheme Non. Recurring
recurring (Rs. in lakhs) Total
1. Completion of Schemes under the 451 341 792
first Plan
2. Practical Training Stipend 50 127 177
3. Research Training Scholarships. 90 90
4. Indian Institute of Technology 200 75 275
5. Junior Technical Schools. 1800 708 2508
6. Apprentice Training 85 113 198
7. Part-time for Adult Workers 20 20
8. Three Higher Technical Institution's
Western, Southern & Northern. 575 175 750
9. Post-graduate in Engineering 15 5 20
10. Improvement of salary 360 360
11. Refresher courses and summer
courses for teachers. 8 8
12. Training of teachers 4 11 15
13. Scholarships and Free places 100 100
14. Forty New Polytechnics. 425 487 912
15. New Engineering Colleges 180 120 300
16. Construction of Hostels. 500 500
17. Staff Quarters. 500 500
18. Assembly Halls 70 70
19. Strengthening Boards of
Technical Education 20 20 40
20. Lump provision for new schemes such
as Central Scheme & Primary etc. 30 20 50
21. Development of Art and Commerce. 14 16 30
22. Post-gruduate Development in
Affiliated Colleges 100 50 150
23. Development of Delhi Polytechnic,
Delhi 100 35 135
*24. Training of Foremen 100
Total 5119 2881 8000
* Provision for this item should be found by suitable adjustment in the other items.