The part played by the State Governments in the organisation of Literary Workshops consisted in suggesting names of suitable persons who could be taken as trainees in the Workshops. The expenditure for the organisation of the Workshops has been borne by the Ford Foundation. It came to Rs. 10,000 to Rs. 14,000/-per Workshop. The duration of each Workshop was about one month. There is no plan at present of repeating these workshops for literature for neo-literate adults. But the idea of having Literary Workshops for children's literature is being informally mooted in the Ministry.
II. The various items for children's literature are as follows
(a) The production of children's literature is also included under I (a) above.
(b) With a view to indicate the desirable standard of production of children's books the Ministry have taken upon themselves to produce some children's books. The following books are under preparation :-
1. Indian Shipping-in cooperation with Toy Carts,
2. A story book for children.
3. Baune ki kheti.
(c) To increase the volume of children's literature and to feed libraries coming up in the country, this Ministry has undertaken to produce directly a large number of well-written and attractive children's books in Hindi on a variety of themes. This scheme is being implemented through the agency of Maktaba Jamia who have been entrusted with the work of publishing 25 graded books this year at a total cost of Rs. 62,000.
(d) In order to elicit the cooperation of authors and publishers into cooperation in the, scheme for the production of child-
41
ren's literature in the various regional languages of India, a prize scheme was announced and worked with the cooperation of the States. The State Governments were requested to invite entries for a competition and select and submit six best books in their regional languages for consideration for the award of prizes.
Selections of 20 books from these for the award of prizes of Rs. 500/- each have been made. 2,000 copies of each prize-winning book will be purchased by the Government of India for distribution to schools and libraries in the various regions, covered by the languages of the prize-winning books.
A similar competition will be announced shortly for the next year.
SCHEME No. 4 of the First Five-Year Plan of Educational
Development. Under Scheme No. 4 grants are given to State Governments for cultural and educational improvements and experiments. The Scheme comprises the following sub-schemes:
(a) Development of some selected Primary schools as Schools-cum-Community Centres.
(b) Improvement of Selected Secondary Schools.
(C) Improvement of Library Service.
(d) Training of Teachers and Workers in the field of Social Education.
(e) Developing Agencies of Informal Education.
(f) Developing Agencies of Pre-school Education.
(g) Establishment of Urban Basic Schools.
Financial assistance is given to the State Governments to the extent of 66 per cent on non-recurring expenditure, and on the recurring expenditure, the Government of India's share was 60 per cent in 1952-53 and 1953-54, is 50 per cent in the current year and will be 333 1/3 in 1955-56. During 1952-53, grants were given to 15 States, but only six States could implement the Scheme. During 1954-55 Central assistance was given to 15 States. During the current year proposals were received from 24 States, out of which sanctions have been issued to 23 States.
Details of amounts disbursed under the Scheme in three years is given in the statement attached (Annexure IV).
As many State Governments have not sent us their progress reports on the Scheme, it is not possible to say how far the Scheme has been actually implemented.
42
ANNEXURE IV
SCHEME NO. 4.
Grants paid to State Governments during 1952-55 (upto November 1954).
1952-53. 1953-54. 1954-55
State. Sanctioned
Sanctioned Utilised Sanctioned Utilised. Upto Nov.
1954.
Part `A' States.
Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs.
Andhra ... ... ... ... 1,29,556
Assam 56,100 ... ... ... 1,70,782
Bihar 85,800 85,800 2,16,297 Utilised 2,63,831
Bombay 2,60,840 *** ... ... 93,926
Madhya Pradesh 58,080 *** 3,27,700 * 8,38,108
Madras 6,51,777 6,51,777 ... ... 22,823
Orissa 56,562 *** ... ... 34,697
Punjab 1,45,200 60,000 40,236 46,280 63,349
U.P. ... ... 5,72,220 5,72,220 5,77,830
West Bengal 1,96,680 38,597 4,60,200 * 6,48,601
Part `B' States.
Hyderabad ... ... ... ... No Proposal.
Jammu & Kashmir ... ... ... ... No Proposal.
Madhya Bharat ... ... 32,316 39,093 @ 4,320
Mysore 46,454 *** ... ... 8,259
Pepsu ... ... 20,921 ** 8,316
Rajasthan 82,500 *** 2,36,500 ** 4,94,445
Saurashtra ... ... 46,020 ** 2,11,134
Travancore-Cochin 52,800 39,600 ... ... 27,234
Part `C' States.
Ajmer ... ... ... ... 8,425
A. & N. Islands ... ... ... ... No Proposal.
Bhopal ... ... 57,177 ** 90,414
Bilaspur 1,00,000 34,553 13,720 * ...
Coorg 23,661 * 19,395 * 15,730
Delhi 3,15,384 * ... ... 14,367
Himachal Pradesh ... ... ... ... No Proposal.
Kutch ... ... 5,000 2,617 8,300
Manipur 15,000 * 39,213 17,453 23,254
Tripura ... ... ... ... under Exam.
Vindhya Pradesh ... ... 3,14,952 ... 3,70,589
Total 21,46,838 9,16,327 24,01,327 6,77,663 32,89,295
* Amount not Utilised. @ Expenditure more than sanction.
** Utilisation not indicated.
*** Information not available.
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SCHEME NO. 6 This scheme relates to grants to voluntary organisations doing important educational or cultural work of the enduring nature in the following fields of education :-
1. Basic education.
2. Social education.
3. Nursery education.
4. Juvenile ]Delinquency.
5. Vocational and educational guidance.
I. 1952-53: The Scheme formed part of Scheme No. 4, during 1952- 53 and a sum of Rs. 1,21,900 was sanctioned in favour of voluntary organisations.
II. 1953-54. During this year the scope of Scheme No. 4 was enlarged and it was christened as Scheme No. 6. A sum of Rs. 15,99,010/was sanctioned in favour of various institutions. Out of the above sum, only Rs. 5,42,207/- were paid (by way of instalments). It may be mentioned that where a substantial grant is sanctioned in favour of an institution, the grant is paid in instalments. The institutions which were paid first instalments during 1953-54 are now coming up for the release of the balance amount during the current year. The above amount also includes some sanctions which could not be released during the year under review due to non-fulfilments of certain prescribed conditions by the institutions concerned.
III. 1954-55 : During 1954-55 up to 24th November, 1954, a sum of Rs. 6,60,878/- has been sanctioned to various institutions. Out of this a sum of Rs. 4,47,319/- has been paid by way of instalments. A number of applications are, still under examination and more applications are pouring in.
As the voluntary organisations are not conversant with the methods of work in government offices, the schemes are not sent in the form in which they should be, resulting in loss of time by way of clarifications etc. It is therefore necessary that the State Governments should forward such Schemes to Government of India after due scrutiny.
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SCHEME TO RELIEVE EDUCATED UNEMPLOYMENT Under this scheme, entitled the Scheme to Relieve Educated Unemployment, it was proposed to recruit during the year 1953-54 and 1954-55, 80,000 educated persons to work as teachers in rural areas as well as 8,000 Social education workers for urban areas. The Central Government's assistance extends to the first three years. During 1953-54 and 1954-55, the Government contributed 75 per cent of the recurring expenditure on teachers' salaries. During 1955-56, the contribution will be reduced to 50 per cent ending with 25 per cent in the next year. In addition, a non-recurring grant for school equipment @ Rs. 200/per teacher is also given. In the field of Social education, the Government of India shares 50 per cent of the workers' salary and a contingent expenditure up to Rs. 100/- per annum.
The scheme was launched in October, 1953. A statement showing the expenditure incurred and the number of school teachers and Social education workers sanctioned so far under the scheme is attached. (Annexure V).
45
ANNEXURE V
Statement in regard to the Scheme for the Relief of Educated Unemployment--Showing the Amount of Grant Sanctioned as on
24th November, 1954.
Year 953-54 Year 1954-55
No. of Social
Subject No. of Tea- No. of Social Amount of Grant Non-recurr- No. of Teachers sanc- Workers sanc- Amount of Grant Non-recurr-
chers sanc- education sanctioned (cen- ing expen- tioned. tioned sanctioned (Cen- ing expen-
tioned workers tre's share) diture tre's share) diture
Contin- Addi- Contin- Addi-
uation tional uation tional
Part `A' States
Rs. Rs.
Assam 500 ... 1,14,475 1,00,000 500 ... ... ... 1,73,700 ...
Bihar 2,500 250 11,58,334 5,00,000 2,500 ... 250 ... 15,20,000 ...
Bombay 4,000 ... 19,25,000 8,00,000 3,524 6,505 ... ... 69,72,856 13,01,000
Madhya Pradesh 2,000 ... 5,82,250 4,00,000 1,380 650 ... ... 12,67,265 1,82,094
Madras ... ... ... ... ... 3,000 ... ... 14,35,300 6,00,000
Orissa 1,200 ... 2,99,400 2,40,000 1,200 1,350 ... ... 8,05,275 2,70,000
Punjab 1,600 80 7,04,875 3,80,000 1,600 1,300 80 40 23,26,688 2,60,000
Uttar Pradesh 3,200 ... 14,95,000 6,40,000 ... ... ... ... ... ...
West Bengal 8,500 1,000 22,57,344 17,00,000 3,568 9,932 ... ... 61,84,035 10,00,000
Part `B' States
Hyderabad 1,500 150 7,08,750 3,00,000 1500 ... 27 ... 9,08,100 ...
Madhya Bharat ... ... ... ... ... 700 ... 115 4,42,500 1,40,000
Mysore 500 50 1,77,000 1,00,000 ... ... ... ... ... ...
Pepsu 800 59 3,75,775 1,60,000 699 1,800 ... ... 14,30,575 3,40,000
Rajasthan 1,000 100 4,44,600 2,00,000 1,000 ... 59 ... 6,07,800 ...
Saurashtra 360 36 1,43,901 72,000 250 1,110 ... ... 9,66,000 2,00,000
Travancore-Cochin ... ... ... ... ... 550 ... ... 3,68,688 1,10,000
Part `C' States
Ajmer 40 ... 15,080 8,000 ... ... ... ... ... ...
Bhopal 150 15 71,500 30,000 ... ... ... ... ... ...
Coorge 50 ... 17,500 10,000 50 10 ... ... 38,000 2,000
Kutch 30 4 14,638 6,000 30 30 4 ... 42,658 6,000
Manipur 50 ... 22,000 10,000 50 50 ... ... 50,800 10,000
Tripura 200 30 9,043 40,000 200 300 30 30 4,24,080 60,000
Vindhya Pradesh 700 34 2,45,448 1,40,000 700 1,200 34 ... 9,96,494 2,40,000
Total 22,880 1,808 1,08,63,300 57,76,000 18,751 30,457 484 185 2,69,60,044 34,20,004
Total number of teachers sanctioned (excluding continuations of teachers sanctioned in 1954-55 already sanctioned in 1953-54) 59,337 upto 24-11-54
Social Education Workers 1,993 upto 24-11-54
Total Grant Rs. 3,78,23,344 upto 24-11-54
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SCHEME FOR THE EXPANSION OF BASIC EDUCATION (1) The Scheme for the Expansion of Basic Education has been formulated to enlist the cooperation of State Governments in expanding the Basic system which has been accepted as the, national system of education in India. The scheme includes the following items :-
1. Opening of new Basic training institutions.
2. Conversion of existing training institutions into Basic training institutions.
3. Opening of new Basic schools.
4. Conversion of existing ordinary schools into Basic schools.
5. Training of Craft teachers.
6. Introduction of crafts in schools.
7. Preparation of teaching materials for schools.
(2) The scheme was approved by the Cabinet in May 1954.
It was decided that 75 per cent of the available resources should be reserved for the conversion of existing Primary schools into Basic schools and 25 per cent on the opening of new Basic schools. (The over-all contribution on the scheme to be borne by the Centre was fixed at 30 per cent of the total additional expenditure on the scheme).
(3) Under this scheme, grants have so far been sanctioned to two States viz. West Bengal and Saurashtra for Rs. 1,72,800/and Rs. 1,87,500/- respectively. The State Governments have been asked to expedite their proposals.
A complete review of the progress of the scheme would be possible when the scheme is actually implemented by States and progress reports are furnished by the State Governments.
(4) As for the year 1955-56, the State Governments have been requested to send in their proposals early duly completed in respect of all the details required under various sub-schemes as indicated in the letter, so that they could be speedily examined and necessary grants could be made available to the States in the beginning of 1955- 56. They have also been asked to make necessary provision in their budget for the purpose.