APPENDIX A (B)-- REPORT ON THE PROGRESS OF THE EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLANS IMPLEMENTED OR PROPOSED TO BE IMPLEMENTED BY THE STATE GOVERNMENTS
The following is a brief record of the progress made in regard to the educational development plans in the States during 1951-52, collected, from the State Governments. A separate statement regarding the progress of Social education is also included:
ASSAM Primary Education.-During the year, the total number of schools was 9,610, of teachers 14,253, and of trained teachers 3,324. 'Total expenditure was Rs. 63,84,848.
During 1952-53, the Assam Primary Education Board has taken up 250 Venture schools with 100 additional teachers. 700 teachers were also to be trained. There are 15 Training Centres in the State. During 1952 Compulsory Primary Education was introduced in the 11 Plain Sub -Divisions of the State and expanded in areas where it was already in force.
Education in the Tribal Areas.-Number of students at the end of 1951-52:
Primary Schools 176
M. E. Schools 13
Special Schools 3
For want of funds no expansion has been carried out since 1950-51. Financial aid is also given for maintenance to six private M. E. schools at Rs. 50 p.m. and 36 Primary schools at Rs. 12 to Rs. 35 p.m.
Expenditure incurred is as follows:
1951-52 Rs. 2,97,400.
1952-53 Rs 3,53, 994.
Khasi and Jantia Hills.-23 Trainees were undergoing training at the Lady Reid Basic Training Centre, Shillong, during 1952-53. An eighth grade Basic school is attached to the Training Centre with an enrolment of 129. There are also 26 Basic schools of two or three grades under the Training Centre. Two non-Government schools are given non-recurring grants-in-aid. An expert Committee is to be set up for the preparation of literature.
In the Lushai Hills there are no Training Centres. However, three Basic Training Instructors are there to introduce some aspects of Basic education in the Centres at the Primary School Teachers' Training Centre at North and South Lushai Hills.
In the Naga Hills there is one Junior Technical school at Kohima and one non-Government school is also given a grant-in-aid.
In the United North Cachar and Makir Hills there are two Government Junior Basic schools of two grades with three teachers,
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BHOPAL The State Government have sent only the following statistical data on educational development during the year:
Primary Schools
No. of Institutions 312
No. of Boys 8269
No. of Girls 2582
No. of Teachers (trained) 56
No. of Teachers (untrained) 399
Secondary Schools
No. of Institutions 36
No. of Boys 7618
No. of Girls 716
No. of Teachers (trained) 121
No. of Teachers (untrained) 400
Training of School Teachers
No. of Basic School Teachers 10
No. of Primary School Teachers 10
No. of Secondary School Teachers 10
Technical and Vocational Schools
No. of Institutions . 1
No. of teachers trained during the year 20
Basic Education has not been introduced in the State.
BILASPUR During the year 1951-52 the Education Department covered fresh ground in the sphere of Primary and Secondary education as indicated below:
Primary Education.-Four new schools were opened at some of the places in the State which are still without Primary schools. The expenditure on this item was met from the ordinary budget.
Secondary Education.-Four Primary schools were raised to the Middle standard and better qualified teachers recruited to serve as Headmasters and Asstt. Teachers. The expenditure on these four Middle schools was Rs. 10,700.
During the year under report the Girls school was raised to the High standard. The following additional staff was recruited:
(1) Two B. T. Teachers in the scale of 140-8-200.
(2) One Clerk in the scale of 50--3-80- 4- 100.
Secondary Education.-Considerable progress was made in regard to the opening of a Government Girls' Middle School at the headquarters of every Sub-Division of the State. Out of the target of
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40 Government Girls' Middle schools in the State, 31 Middle schools for girls have been taken over under the management of the State The scheme has been acclaimed by the public. There is, however, still plenty of room for improvement of these institutions, particularly in the matter of capital outlay. No adequate provision for this; has been made in the scheme.
Non-recurring grants for repairs to the buildings of some of the Government Girl's Middle schools have also been sanctioned by the State Government.
The 14 provincialised Government Girls' High schools continued to function during the year. Non-recurring grants were sanctioned to L.R. Girl's High School at Laheriasarai and Girls' High Schools- at Chaibassa and Daltonganj for repairs to ' their buildings.
In order to encourage the teaching of Science and Agriculture in High schools, the State Government continued to give additional grants to non-Government High schools. The special Science grant given to 24 non-Government High schools continued as before. Only non-Government High schools were given a subsidy for Agriculture.. The six relinquished agriculture grants have yet to be re-awarded for opening Science classes in High schools in the muffasil area.
21. Non-Government High Schools have been subsidised. A special grant of Rs. 1,76,000 was placed at the disposal of the Board of Secondary Education for the maintenance of these 21 schools. This financial assistance was necessary because local initiative in the area is still lacking and the demand for opening Secondary schools is very pressing.
University and College Education.-The State Government sanctioned recurring and non-recurring grants to aided colleges for various items of improvement, such as-(i) increase in seats in the Science classes of the B. N. College, Patna, (ii) continuance of the additional posts of lecturers for Honours classes at the B. N. College, and (iii) grants for the Science section in the Patna Women's college, Patna.
Recurring and non-recurring grants were sanctioned and paid to 11 aided colleges. These included grants for management of the Mahanth Darsan Das Mahila College, Muzaffarpur and Sunderawati Mahila Mahavidyalaya Bhagalpur, for the purchase of books and furniture. The colleges at Monghyr, Motihari, Begusarai and Purnea received non- recurring grants for the opening of I.Sc. classes.
The degree college started at Ranchi in August, 1946 continued to function during the year. Efforts are being made to acquire land for the expansion of the college and for the proposed University for Chhotanagpur Division.
The Magadh Mahila College, the only Government managed degree college for women in Bihar, continued to be maintained by the State Government.
Arrangements for the hostel accommodation of the University stu- dents (both male and female) made in the previous year continued during the year under report.
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The total expenditure for raising the school to the High standard came to Rs. 5,300.
University Education.-Six scholarships of Rs. 25 p.m. were awarded for Higher education outside the State. The expenditure was met from the ordinary budget.
Training of teachers.-15 teachers were sent for Basic training at the Jamia Millia Islamia during the year under report. The expen- diture was met by the Government of India.
BIHAR Basic Education.-The State-managed pre-Basic school at Karsa in the district of Patna continued to function satisfactorily during the year under report. -Two other non-Government Basic Institutions, one at Patna and the other at Bhagalpur, also received financial assist- ance from the State Government.
During the year under report no new Basic Education Centres were started. The existing Basic institutions viz., 535 Basic schools, 13 post-Basic schools and 19 Basic Training schools continued to function. New grades were added to these schools and efforts were made to develop the community institutions. Large offers of land, buildings and local cooperation for the opening of Basic and post Basic schools continued to pour in.
The 838 Hindi Primary schools opened for the Hindi speaking people in the backward and aboriginal areas of the State continued to make progress and the need for upgrading them was keenly felt by the Government. Social Education Centres for the people of the Backward Areas and training centres for non-Hindi knowing teachers were also maintained. It is now proposed to upgrade single teacher Primary schools.
An important pioneer experiment is being carried on by the State Government at Turki At this place not only was a Basic Training College started in 1951-52, but also a three-year Graduate course has been opened for providing University education in rural environments (on the lines indicated in the report of the Universities Commission) to students completing their post-Basic course. The Bihar University have given their preliminary consent to start a special Faculty of Rural Education for the College.
Since January, 1952, ail colleges in the State, Government and non-Government, were transferred to the control of the two newly established Universities viz., the purely teaching University for the local colleges at Patna and the Bihar University for the remaining colleges of the State.
Salaries of Teachers.-The State Government have met the differ- ence between the basic pay and the revised enhanced scales of pay introduced since 1st April, 1949 applicable to all teachers of non- Government Primary schools, non-Government Middle schools, High schools and of teachers of existing aided colleges as on 31st March 1949.
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Improvement of Oriental Education. The State Government have established the Nalanda Pali Research Institute at Nalanda and. the Mathila Research Sanskrit Institute at Darbhanga. Post Graduate training in Pali and Buddhistic Philosophy and in Sanskrit and Ancient Learning respectively is imparted in these institutions. They also prepare scholars for Ph.D. and D.Litt. degrees of the Bihar University The State Government have under consideration the sponsoring of another institution, namely the Institute of Post Graduate Studies and Research in Prakrit and Jain Learning at Vaishali in the Muzaffarpur district.
Other Schemes.-Training Classes for training women teachers have been opened in the P. N. R. Training College and a building has been hired for accommodating the trainees. A number of teachers have been trained and found employment under various institutions. The Government also accorded sanction to the opening of Women's Training schools at Lakhisarai and at Hirhi near Ranchi.
Under the scheme for the encouragement of Physical education and culture, a Government-managed college of Health and Physical education is being maintained by the State Government. Suitable grants were made during the period under review to a number of public institutions devoted to promotion of Physical culture in the State.
The scheme of opening libraries in the districts of the State has made slow but steady progress. Three State libraries have been opened at district headquarters of the State, which are in the border areas and where this need is the greatest. State libraries in two other districts in Chotanagpur will be started shortly. The Sinha Library at Patna is being organised as the State-subsidised Central library of the State. Grants are given to all important libraries in Bihar.
The scheme for opening Elementary Training schools for Women did not make appreciable progress during the year. The Planning staff maintained at the headquarters for the implementation of the P.W R. schemes have done useful work in connection with the distribution of improvement grants. The scheme of provincialising the Girls school and the scheme of craft teaching in schools made appreciable progress during the year under review. The Government school of Arts at Patna, the only one of its kind in the State, has been functioning satisfactorily.
The State has been making an intensive but sincere drive towards research work in various subjects. The K. P. Jayaswal Research Institute at Patna has associated itself with Research work in History and Archaeology. It has done useful excavation work in a suburb of Patna and certain very rare articles and relics have been discovered in the course of excavation. Certain Tibetan manuscripts have also been deciphered.
BOMBAY Compulsory Primary Education. The scheme of Compulsory Primary education introduced in the 15 districts of the State was restricted to the age-range seven to 11 and not extended to the agerange six to 11, as originally planned, due to financial stringency. In the four districts of Kolaba, Sholapur, Bijapur and Kanara where
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compulsion was introduced in 1948-49, the age-range seven to 11 were included. The total number of children of six to 11 years enrolled during the year in schools was 12,87,543 and the total number of additional teachers appointed was 17,191.
As against the eight years course of Basic education recommended by the Central Advisory Board of Education, the Bombay Government have adopted a course of Primary (Basic) education of seven years, the junior Basic stage being four years for children of the agerange six to 11. Experiments conducted have shown that the four year junior Basic course leads to permanent literacy.
New schools continued to be opened by the District School Boards in schoolless villages with a population of 700 to 999; 180 schools were opened in villages with a population of 400 to 699 through- voluntary agencies.
A new Training college for men was opened in June 1951. Two Training colleges were converted into full-fledged Basic Training institutes. The number of such institutes is now five. Two other colleges were partially converted into Basic institutions. A cheap type plan for such colleges has been approved by the Government.
The three Graduates' Basic Training Centres continued the work of training teachers in spinning, weaving, cardboard modelling and wood- work. There were 97 teacher-trainees in all, of whom 26 were from non-Government Primary Training Institutions. During the year the craft of spinning and weaving was introduced in 111 Primary schools; kitchen gardening and Agriculture in 10 schools, card-board modelling and carpentary in 6 schools. The total number of Primary teach- ers trained during the year were:
Spinning 269
Weaving 311
Kitchen-gardening and Agriculture 201
Carpentary 127
A total grant of Rs. 16,34,600 was placed at the disposal of the District Building Committees including an amount of Rs. 4,51,400 paid from the accumulated balances of the merged States for the construction of buildings in the merged States areas. About 170 buildings were completed at a cost of Rs. 21,45,375. Some 339 build- ings were under construction at the end of the year and new sites for 385 school buildings were also finally selected. The total contri- bution received from villagers towards the construction of school buildings amounted to Rs. 13,81,100, The Government have also issued orders to facilitate the early disposal of applications for agricultural land for the construction of school buildings and for the relaxation of existing orders regarding the size of sites of school buildings and playgrounds. The Government have also agreed to pay supervision charges in cases where the construction of school buildings has been entrusted to the villagers. District Local Board Engineers have also been empowered to issue completion certificates and to approve plans etc. within the financial limits without reference to the Government Executive Engineer.
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Secondary Education.-An amount of Rs. 16 lakhs was utilised in paying increased grants to non-Government Secondary schools in accordance with the orders of the Government on the recommendations of the Secondary Schools Committee.
Physical Education-National Cadet Corps.-As a measure of economy two posts of Assistant Deputy Educational Inspectors for Physical Education out of the existing 32 posts were retrenched during the year.
One Short Term Course for two and a half months was organised at the Training Institute for Physical Education, Kandivli and 105 candidates attended the course. In addition 1963 teachers were train- ed in separate courses. Am additional grant amounting to Rs. 55,813 was paid to School Boards on account of Physical education, while an amount of Rs. 63,315 was utilised in paying grants to Secondary schools for Physical education.
In all 18 Senior Divisions National Cadet Corps units exist at present-eight Infantry, two Medical,one Air, one E.M.E., one Signals, two Battery, 2 Engineers and one Armoured Squardon. 302 sub-units of the Junior Division National Cadet Corps have been allotted to the State. Of these 185 are already rearing in Secondary schools through- out the State. The response from students in schools and colleges is encouraging. There is a shortage of suitable teachers for the Junior Division units. The total unmber of Cadets and officers of the Senior and Junior Division units is as follows:-
Officers Cadets Units
Senior Division 111 3956 18
Junior Division 196 5880 196