APPENDIX A(C)-- REPORT ON THE PROGRESS OF EDUCATION OF SCHEDULED TRIBES AND SCHEDULED AREAS IN VARIOUS STATES WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO THE EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT SCHEMES
The following is a brief record of the progress reported by the different States on the above subject:
BIHAR The following are the figures of expenditure regarding the open- ing of Primary schools in Scheduled areas:
Total estimated cost for 1952-53 Rs. 28,182
Expenditure incurred during the year
ending 31-3-1953 Rs. 21,496
The following are figures of expenditure on the opening of training centres in backward areas:
Total estimated cost for 1952-53 Rs. 3,224
Expenditure incurred during the year 1952-53 Rs. 5,959
In the backward areas of the District of Manbhum alone a large number of Primary schools have been opened and expenditure incurred on these during 1952-53 was Rs. 2,05.554.
BOMBAY The scheme of compulsory Primary education in Umbargaon, Dahanu, Jawhar and Mokhada-Talukas is in progress. 26 Primary
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and Basic schools have been opened in Jhalod Taluka at the cost of Rs. 5,626. Out of the 18 special shifting camp schools proposed to be opened for Kakkari labour in the Thana District, two have so far been opened. Annual allowance @ Rs. 36 per person was paid to 568 teachers. All eligible Scheduled tribes pupils attending higher classes in Primary schools are given admission to Backward classes' hostels in Scheduled areas. Out of 50 ordinary Primary schools 42 have been converted into schools with an agricultural bias. Special scholarships amounting to Rs. 3,344 were awarded to all eligible Scheduled tribes pupils in Primary schools during the year 1952-53. An expenditure of Rs. 25,000 was incurred during the year towards the payment of tuition and entrance fees for colleges and hostels to the Scheduled tribes pupils in Primary Training Colleges. A sum of Rs. 9,200 was spent towards increasing the value and-number of stipends to the Scheduled tribes Pupils in Primary training institutions. All eligible Scheduled tribes pupils were awarded prizes and all eligible teachers were awarded a bonus.
All eligible Scheduled tribes pupils reading in Government Secon- dary schools were exempted from the payment of fees and those in non- Government schools were given the concession of free studentship, fee grants being paid to the schools by the Government. An expenditure of Rs. 1,30,830 was incurred on the scheme during the year 1952-53. All eligible Scheduled tribes pupils residing in hostels attached to non- Government Secondary schools and colleges were provided free hostel accommodation. 162 Scheduled tribes pupils in Secondary schools received scholarships amounting to Rs. 7,654 during the year. Scheduled tribes pupils in vocational High schools were also awarded scholarships of the value of Rs. 18 per mensem.
So far six Scheduled tribes students reading in Government Arts, Science, Commerce and Law and S.T. Colleges were exempted from the payment of fees, and 65 in non-Government colleges were granted free studentships, fee grants being given to the colleges by the Gov- ernment. All eligible Scheduled tribes students in these colleges were each granted scholarships of Rs. 25 per mensem during the year 1952-53. An expenditure of Rs. 18,675 was incurred on the scheme during the year, Lump sum scholarships for the purchase of books, stationery and monthly scholarships to medical students etc. were paid at an expenditure of Rs. 7,724 during the year.
In the field of Social education, out of 8,744 adults who passed the first test during the year, 1,867 belonged to Scheduled tribes,
As regards Technical education, the first year class in Carpentry in the Weir Industrial School, Dharampur, was opened during the year and most of the required tools and equipment were purchased and the staff appointed.
Further the government have sanctioned the following assistance to voluntary agencies working for the betterment of the Backward classes in order to enable them to extend their activities to the Scheduled areas of merged States and territories:
(1) Their entire expenditure on propaganda work is borne in full by the government. A sum of Rs. 28,000 was sanc- tioned during the year.
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(2) Grant-in-aid amounting to Rs. 79,329 was paid to the Backward classes hostels catering mainly for Scheduled tribes, started or run by voluntary agencies.
(3) Grants of Rs. 87,800 were paid during the year to volun- tary agencies working for the betterment of Scheduled tribes.
COORG The State Government have not implemented any scheme for the education of the Scheduled tribes exclusively. Under their schemes of educational development for the Depressed pupils, Tribal pupils were also encouraged to attend schools. During the year 1952-53, 572 Tribal children attended schools and the expenditure incurred for the purpose was Rs. 5,000.
HYDERABAD This year arrangements for the opening of hostels for the Sche- duled tribes have been finalised and students enlisted. Free distri- bution of school educational material has encouraged Bhils to attend schools. Private schools have been opened by the Bhils in order to get financial assistance, promote education, and provide facilities for those who are not admitted to the hostels.
KUTCH During the year, 30 Scheduled tribes students have taken ad- vantage of the Government Sardar Hostel at Vallabhpur and 89 Scheduled tribes adults were made literate in the Social education centres of the State. A sum of Rs. 11,470 was incurred on the schemes.
MADRAS At present 423 Elementary schools, four Higher Secondary schools and four High schools are catering to the needs of hill people in the Agency areas. Members of hill tribes desirous of getting teachers training are granted stipends worth Rs. 30 per mensem. They are also granted scholarships for their collegiate and High school studies.
In 1951-52 the following educational schemes were in operation for the Scheduled tribes and Scheduled areas:-
Rs
(1) Boarding facilities to children in
Elementary schools 23,100
(2) Hostel sheds for six hostels 6,000
(3) Clothing and book allowance 1,065
(4) Maintenance of Government boarding house 20,393
The expenditure actually incurred on the execution of these schemes in that year was Rs. 39,697. Another scheme for providing midday meals to school children, involving an annual expenditure of Rs. 46,000, was proposed but could not be implemented.
During 1952-53, educational schemes involving an estimated expenditure of Rs. 4,23,954 were taken in hand.
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At present there are ten Government boarding houses and nine hostels subsidised by the government. Three hostels started in Srikakulam District are catering to the needs of hill tribes living in the plains and 23 Elementary schools for Chenchus. Promising Chenchu boys are selected and sent for teachers' training at Kurnool. Deserving boys are also granted scholarships. There is one Elementary school for girls in Kurnool West Division. Mixed residential schools at Bairluty provide both boarding and lodging facilities. Four Elementary schools and one Higher Secondary school cater to the needs of hill tribes in Laccadive Islands. An Elementary school caters for the needs of hill men in Minicoy group of Islands.
MADHYA BHARAT In the Adivasi areas 50 Primary schools have been converted into Basic schools. In District Headquarters the scheme of Compulsory education for the children between six and 11 years of age has been started. In four Scheduled areas ten Social education centres have been opened. So far ten women have been appointed as teachers. Books -and scholarships were distributed to Adivasi students in four Scheduled areas where six industrial centres have also been opened.
In Dhar the number of Adivasi students has increased to 1,731. There are four Adivasi hostels in the area providing 80 students with free board, lodging and clothing. These pupils are given scholarships also. Under the operation of the Five-Year Plan, seven Primary schools, one agriculture centre, one carpentry and blacksmithy school have been opened within a radius of seven miles from Dhar.
In Nimar District Kharqone, there is Compulsory Primary educa- tion; (eight teachers and 320 pupils). In the state there are 19 Social education centres with 494 adults. There are also six reading rooms and libraries. 46 teachers from four Scheduled areas have been sent for training to different training schools and colleges including Basic training institutions.
MADHYA PRADESH In the Scheduled areas of the State there are at present 225 Primary schools and 27 Middle schools with 27 hostels attached to the Middle schools. The following table gives some important statistics about these institutions:
Number of boys in Primary schools 23,282
Number of girls in Primary schools 4,471
Number of boys in Middle schools 1,197
Number of girls in Middle schools 35
Number of Middle School Scholarship, (of Rs. 10/- P.M.) 750
Number of High School Scholarships (of Rs. 15/- P.m.) 300
Number of College Scholarships ( of Rs. 25/- P.m.) 43
Number of Normal School Stipends (of Rs. 20/- p.m.) 100
A sum of Rs. 9,33,509 was incurred on all these schemes during the year 1952-53.
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Other developments include the introduction of a syllabus far Primary schools and Middle schools specially suited to the requirement of the tribal children. Also, arrangements have been made to give practical lessons in cleanliness, healthy living, community works, programme of simple bhajans religious songs, folk songs, music, dramas etc. Three High schools for the tribal boys have been opened.
It is hoped that with adequate arrangements for communications and the development of Scheduled areas, difficulties of distance such as remoteness and bad climate would to a certain extent be eliminated.
MYSORE During the year 1952-53, a sum of Rs. 35,000 was provided for educational advancement including hostel facilities and scholarships to the pupils of Scheduled tribes. The amount was distributed as follows:
Rs.
Opening of primary schools 15,000
Adult Literacy and Social education 5,000
Free board, scholarships, purchase of books,
appliances, etc. 5,000
Cost of constructing and maintaining hostels 10,000
The available scholarships have been distributed as under:
Ten to High schools
30 to Middle schools
65 to New Type Middle schools.
Two hostels at Budibadaga and Panjchalli estimated to cost Rs. 24,574 each, for 50 boarders, have also been sanctioned during the year.
ORISSA The following institutions under the educational development schemes under Article 275 of the Constitution are functioning in the State:
31 Ashram schools with 1,606 students.
555 Sevashrams with 21,219 students.
One Institution for training sevaks (teachers) in Sevashrams.
Two Training centres for training social workers and village welf are guides.
Some scholarships and stipends have also been paid to the Sche- duled tribes students. Paucity of funds and truancy of Adivasi Students are two difficulties obstructing a quicker development. It is felt that some advancement to the students as well as to their parents is necessary.
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PUNJAB Under the scheme for the development of Scheduled areas of Lahaul and Spiti, four new Primary schools were opened and one Primary school was raised to Middle standard. The total number of educational institutions in the Scheduled areas was 25 with an enrolment of 766 (boys 720, girls 46). The number of teachers working in these is 42 (trained 22, untrained 20). A sum of Rs. 39,000 was sanctioned towards these schemes for the year 1952-53.
SAURASHTRA During the year seven schools have been opened at government cost in Nesadas. This involves an annual expenditure of Rs. 5,000. Scholarships are being awarded to the children of Miyanas of Laliya for encouraging education among them; this involves an expenditure of about Rs. 8,000 per year. All students of the Scheduled tribes in indigent circumstances get free studentships.
TRAVANCORE-COCHIN During the year 1952-53, four Pial schools have been opened. Tribal students in Primary and Secondary schools and in colleges were granted fee concessions as follows:
1,500 students in Primary schools.
160 students in Pial schools.
250 students in Secondary schools.
One in Senior Intermediate class.
Similar concessions have been given to the Scheduled tribes students studying in Arts and Science colleges, Professional and Technical institutions, and Midwifery, Compounding, Medicine and other Occupational studies.
TRIPURA During the year 80 single-teacher and ten double-teacher Primary schools were started in the Tribal areas. Boarding facilities were also provided in the double-teacher Primary schools. An expenditure of Rs. 41,841 was incurred on these schemes. Besides, 25 Primary schools and five Secondary schools received grants for furniture, equipment, playground, boarding-houses, etc. from the Chief Com- missioner's Discretionery Fund for the welfare of the Scheduled tribes. The total amount sanctioned on this account amounted to Rs. 14,426.
VINDHYA PRADESH There are no restrictions for the Scheduled tribes students on free admission in any educational institution in the State; and 25 Primary schools were opened in the areas where Scheduled tribes live. Scheduled tribes and Backward classes studying in educational institutions are exempted from all fees charged by the government. An annual grant-of Rs. 6,000 is being paid to Girari Gond Ashram. Grants were paid to Balika Ashram for the Backward classes girls and scholarships awarded to students belonging to the Backward
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classes, both including Scheduled tribes pupils. Two percent accom- modation in the hostels is reserved for these classes of students. Seats for freeships, half freeships and scholarships are reserved in the colleges for these students. A sum of Rs. 28,500 was provided for the purchase of books, stationery, and free board and lodging to pupils belonging to these classes.
WEST BENGAL The State government spent sums of Rs. 71,000 and Rs. 1,41,410 during the years 1951-52 and 1952-53 respectively on educational development schemes for Tribal welfare. The schemes covered Primary, Middle as well as Secondary education of the tribal people. The Scheduled tribes students in the State have also benefitted from the various grants paid under different schemes for the promotion of education amongst the educationally backward classes.
No reports have so far been received from the States of Assam, Bhopal, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Manipur, Pepsu, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh.
The State of Ajmer has not implemented any scheme for Scheduled tribes upto the year 1952-53 and the States of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Bilaspur and Delhi have no Scheduled tribes or Scheduled areas.