APPENDIX A(L)-- REPORT ON THE FIVE-YEAR PLAN OF EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
The Planning Commission recommended that in the educational field the Centre should have an overall 'responsibility for helping, coordinating and guiding the work of the States so that national policies could be evolved and satisfactorily worked out. It was also laid down that the Centre should help, on a contributory basis those States which are willing to co-operate in certain activities of national significance like research in techniques, training of specially selected personnel, production of literature, conducting pilot experiments etc.
2. The Ministry of Education accordingly prepared the First Five-Year Plan of Educational Development in 1952. The Plan as originally drafted consisted of the following schemes:-
2 Scheme No. 1-Intensive Educational Development in a selected area in each State.
This scheme had the following sub-schemes:
(i) (a) A Post-graduate Training college for the staff of Basic Training colleges and the administrative personnel.
(b) A full-fledged Basic school for practice and administration.
(ii) (a) A Basic Training college for Primary school teachers.
(b) Two Junior Basic schools for practice and demonstration.
(iii) Five well-planned Community centres.
(iv) An Integrated Library Service.
(v) A Janta College in the area for training village leaders.
(vi) Improvement of Primary and Basic schools in the area from the point of view of teachers, equipment, supervision, etc.
Scheme No. 2-Improvement of Existing Secondary Education
In view of the appointment of the Secondary Education Commission, no ambitious scheme in the field of Secondary Education
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was launched. The following sub-schemes were, however, laid down:
(a) Grants for educational research on approved projects to be conducted in suitably staffed and equipped training colleges.
(b) Merit Scholarships in the existing Public Schools.
Scheme No. 3.-Production of literature and audio-visual aids for Basic and Social education and the promotion of Hindi in non-Hindi speaking areas.
(a) A pilot project for the training of audio-visual experts from various States and for the production of audio-visual aids for Social and Basic education, as well as to encourage the production of these aids in the States.
(b) Preparation of suitable literature for children and adults in. the field of Basic and Social education.
(c) Promotion of Hindi in non-Hindi speaking areas.
Scheme No. 4-Grants to states, voluntary bodies, etc. for cultural and educational improvements and experiments:
(a) Development of some selected Primary schools as school-cum- community centres.
(b) Improvement of selected Secondary schools.
(c) Improvement of Library service.
(d) Grants to private institutions doing important educational or cultural work or experiments.
(e) Training of teachers and workers in the field of Social education.
(f) Other items of educational development like youth welfare work, promotion of informal education and of interstate understanding etc.
Scheme No. 5-Pilot Centre for the education of Juvenile Delinquents.
An amount of Rs. One crore was provided for these five schemes during 1952-53.
3. An account of the work done is given below: -
Scheme No. 1-Intensive educational development in a selected area.
During 1952-53 the Government of India sanctioned financial assistance to State Governments at the rate of 66% of Non-recurring
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and 60% of Recurring expenditure for the implementation of the Scheme. Grants totalling Rs. 33,27,522 were sanctioned as follows:-
Name of State Scheme No. 1
N.R. R. Total
Assam 2,65,122 44,989 3,10,111
West Bengal 3,42,848 41,357 3,84,205
Bihar 1,33,824 76,512 2,10,336
Bombay .. 64,893 64,893
Madhya Pradesh 47,520 .. 47,520
Madras 7,920 50,449 58,369
Orissa 1,56,554 16,401 1,72,955
Punjab 18,150 .. 18,150
Uttar Pradesh 3,52,440 44,398 3,96,838
Hyderabad 12,540 17,574 30,114
Jammu and Kashmir .. .. ..
Madhya Bharat 1,65,153 .. 1,65,153
Mysore 34,419 27,645 62,064
Pepsu 5,455 5,533 10,988
Rajasthan 74,481 .. 74,481
Saurashtra 2,05,920 33,000 2,38,920
Travancore-Cochin 16,500 27,846 44,346
Ajmer 36,036 30,540 66,576
Bhopal 1,98,000 .. 1,98,000
Bilaspur 65,500 29,415 94,915
Coorg 77,055 12,477 89,532
Delhi 1,77,738 83,022 2,60,760
Himachal Pradesh 7,260 10,200 17,460
Kutch 5,000 3,034 8,034
Manipur 9,000 3,500 12,500
Tripura 1,39,000 17,610 1,56,610
Vindhya Pradesh 96,162 37,530 1,33,692
A. & N. Islands .. .. ..
Total 26,49,497 6,78,025 33,27,522
The States of Assam, West Bengal, Bihar, Bombay, Madras, Orissa, Punjab, Mysore, Travancore-Cochin, Himachal Pradesh, Vindhya Pradesh And Bilaspur started the implementation of the Scheme during that year.
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A record of the information so far available in the Ministry of Education regarding the activities undertaken by various State Gov- ernments under this Scheme is given below:
Assam incurred an expenditure of Rs. One lakh and started work in respect of the Basic Training College the Five Community Centres, an Integrated Library service, the Janta College and improvement of Primary and Basic scools in the area of Titabar in the Sibsagar District. The sub-scheme regarding post-graduate Basic Training Colleges will be implemented with effect from 1953-54.
West Bengal selected Banipur as the area for intensive educa- tional development and implemented the sub-schemes pertaining to the Post-graduate Basic Training College, the senior practising school, two community centres, an Integrated Library Service, the Janta College and improvement of Primary and Basic schools. The Basic Training College and Junior Basic schools were already functioning in the area.
Bombay implemented the sub-schemes pertaining to Basic education in Baroda-Padra area. The sub-schemes pertaining to Social education will be implemented in the current year. The request of the State Government for being allowed to undertake three more intensive development areas is under the consideration of the Government of India.
Bihar implemented the scheme in the Turki-Vaisali area. The building of the Post-graduate Basic Training College was completed and the college was functioning in full form. The Basic Training College, the building for which was already available, also functioned. Five Community Centres, an Integrated Library Service and the Janta College were also established. The conversion of Primary schools into Basic schools which could not be undertaken last year will be undertaken in the current year.
The Madras Government implemented the scheme in the West Godavari area, which is now included in Andhra State. Subschemes pertaining to Basic education only were undertaken. In the current year the Madras Government will implement the scheme through the Shri Rama Krishna Mission Vidyalaya in the Coimbatore area.
The Orissa and Punjab Government implemented the scheme only in respect of improvement of Primary and Basic schools in the year 1952- 53. The remaining sub-schemes could not be taken up for Want of time. The State Governments propose to implement the scheme fully in the current year. The area selected in Orissa is Angul while that in the Punjab is Chandigarh.
Himachal Pradesh established two Junior Basic schools and five community centres with integrated library service under the scheme.
Vindhya Pradesh selected Rewa-Chhetarpur area and established a Basic Training school, five community Centres, an integrated library service and improved Primary and Basic schools.
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Bilaspur established community centres but could not implement other sub-schemes for want of time.
The remaining States did not start the work during the year, but propose to do so in the current year.
4. Scheme No. 4.-Grants to States, Voluntary bodies etc. for cultural and educational improvements and experiments.
During 1952-53, proposals of only 15 states could be finalised for Central Grants under this Scheme. An amount of Rs. 21,46,848 was sanctioned as follows:
Non-Recur- Recurring Total
Name of State ring
Assam 56,100 .. 56,100
West Bengal 1,96,680 1,96,680
Bihar 85,800 .. 85,800
Bombay 2,27,840 33,000 2,60,840
Madhya Pradesh 58,080 .. 58,080
Madras 4,93,912 1,57,866 6,51,777
Orissa 52,932 3,630 56,562
Punjab 1,45,200 .. 1,45,200
Mysore 46,200 264 46,464
Rajasthan 82,500 .. 82,500
Travancore-Cochin 52,800 52,800
Bilaspur 1,00,000 .. 1,00,000
Coorg 23,430 231 23,661
Delhi 2,99,165 16,219 3,15,000
Manipur 15,000 .. 15,000
Total 19,35,638 2,11,210 21,46,848
The States of West Bengal, Madras, Punjab and Bilaspur started the implementation of the Scheme during that year.
West Bengal established Community Centres in 12 existing Primary schools of Burdwan and Birbhum districts and improved four girls' and four boys' High schools in respect of additional accommodation and equipment.
Madras improved Secondary schools by way of providing additional equipments in its Secondary schools as well as starting bifurcated courses at a cost of Rs. 3.18 lakhs. The library service functioning under the Madras Libraries Act was improved at a cost of Rs. 6.46 lakhs.
Punjab established community centres in four Primary schools at Amritsar. Ludhiana. Ambala and Rohtak and sanctioned equipment grants to six Government Secondary schools. A total expenditure of Rs. 1 lakh was incurred.
Bilaspur could not undertake the construction of buildings but purchased equipment worth Rs. 34,000.
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The remaining schemes (2, 3 and 5) were not undertaken during 1952-53.
5. During the current year, the scope of the plan has been widened to include the following schemes:
Scheme No. 7.-Youth Welfare.
Scheme No. 8.-Promotion of Inter-State Understanding.
Scheme No. 9.-Establishment of National Central Library.
Scheme No. 10.-Establishment of a National Fundamental Educational Centre.
Scheme No. 11.-Establishment of Bureau of Text Books.
Scheme No. 12.-Vocational and Educational Guidance.
Scheme No. 13.-Centre for Adult Blind.
Scheme No. 14.-Miscellaneous Schemes.
The following sub-schemes have also been added to the original scheme No. 4: -
(i) Developing Agencies of Informal Education.
(ii) Developing Agencies of pre-school education.
(iii) Establishment of Urban Basic Schools.
The scheme for giving grants to voluntary organisations etc., for cultural and educational improvements and experiments, has been separated from scheme No. 4 and instituted into an independent scheme No. 6.
6. During the current year proposals for the continuation and development of Scheme Nos. 1 and 4 have been received from Assam, West Bengal, Bihar, Madras, Orissa, Punjab, Pepsu, Rajasthan, Saurashtra, Travancore-Cochin, Ajmer, Bhopal, Bilaspur, Coorg, Kutch, Manipur, Tripura, Vindhya Pradesh. and A. & N. Islands and have been examined. Necessary grants for approved schemes have been issued as follows:
1. Scheme No. 1 (Banipur area) of W. Bengal.
2. Scheme No. 1 (Ramakrishna Mission Vidyalaya) of Madras.
3. Scheme No. 1 of Tripura.
4. Scheme No. 1 of Kutch.
5. Scheme No. 1 of A. & N. Islands.
6. Scheme No. 4 of Manipur.
7. Scheme No. 4 of Kutch.
8. Scheme No. 1 of Bilaspur.
The proposals of the remaining States have been taken up with them for clarification and necessary grants will be issued as soon as the clarifications are made.
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7. So far as other schemes are concerned the position is as follows:
Scheme No. 2(a)-Grants for research projects in Secondary Education
Under this scheme educational research and experimental work will be taken up in the field of Secondary education in suitably staffed and equipped teacher-training institutions. The intention behind the scheme was also to develop and encourage a research attitude among teachers of training colleges.
The Ministry propose to meet the cost of each approved scheme and for this purpose a sum of Rs. 2 lakhs has been earmarked.
The financial grant from the Central Government to various co- operating agencies will provide for equipment and apparatus needed for the project undertaken, for research fellowships and for the printing of materials as well as miscellaneous expenses to be incurred on essential touring. The contribution of the participating universities, Institutes or other agencies is expected to be in the form of utilizing their existing resources in personnel and equipment for organising and undertaking these investigations and making the results available in the form of reports, brochures, etc. The Central Government may at a later stage consolidate the findings and make them available for use in all other states and universities in the country.
8. Scheme for the production of suitable literature for Children and Adults
Under this scheme, the Ministry will take the initiative in the production of suitable books both for children and adults; at the same time the State Governments will be encouraged to produce suitable literature on their own.
The Ministry's proposals comprise the following:
(a) Reproduction in regional languages of the pamphlets in Hindi on Social Education which have been already pub- lished by the Idara-Talim-O-Tarraqi, Jamia Millia Islamia, Delhi under a scheme sponsored by the Ministry in 1949-50. These pamphlets have been very well received and some State Governments have expressed a desire to have them reproduced in their regional languages. The Central Government will meet 50 per cent of the cost in case the publications are distributed free of cost and 25 per cent in the event of the publications being priced. The total cost of the scheme for the Plan period has been estimated at Rs. 2 lakhs.
(b) In connection with Childrens' literature, the Ministry propose to sponsor the production of a series of 100 books at least 25 of which will be published during the current year in cooperation with the Maktaba Jamia. The Maktaba will be given the necessary financial assistance for the purpose. The State Governments will be requested to purchase a certain number of copies of each book at cost
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price. A part of each edition of a book will be sold through book-sellers at cost price, the Government meeting the booksellers' commission.
(c) Preparation and publications in Hindi of the following three books:
(i) History of India,
(ii) History of the World, and
(iii) Story of Life.
These books will be designed to cater for persons who have received education upto the school standard and are interested in adding to their general knowledge.
(d) The setting up of a Social education library at the Centre by translating into Hindi representative social education material available in the regional languages.
(e) A scheme of encouraging popular literature in the country by means of prizes to authors, subsidies to publishers and bulk purchase of copies for distribution in the Community Areas is also being worked out in cooperation with the Community Projects Administration.
9. Scheme for the promotion of Inter-State Understanding
Under this Scheme, the Ministry have under consideration the following two activities-
a) exchange of students and teachers between States on the basis of reciprocal hospitality,
(b) Publication of pamphlets.
Under (a) a scheme has been prepared and forwarded to the States for their consideration. The scheme envisages a visit to Delhi by parties of students with a teacher each in charge from all States during the convenient vacancies of 1954-55. The Delhi State Government have been invited to arrange hospitality and accommodation for the parties. The activities will take the form of visits to places of historical interest etc., meetings with the President, Prime Minister etc., if possible, and also entertainment programmes by the parties themselves. It is proposed that 50 per cent of the rail fare of the parties be met by the Central Government.