Two district Libraries, 64 Taluka and Peta Libraries, 24 Mahila Libraries and 13 Bal Libraries were recognised during the year.
Under the schemes regarding ameliorative measures for the Primary, Secondary and Higher education of the backward classes, additional stipends, scholarships and free-studentships were sanctioned, new hostels were opened; prizes to pupils and bonuses to teachers were awarded. Scholarships were also awarded to selected Backward class students under-going training in various professions and trades. Special grants were paid for relief to Backward classes in emergent cases such as fire, floods, etc.
Measure of co-operation and help from the public in implementing the various development schemes were satisfactory. Financial and accommodation difficulties were experienced.
As an economic measure the posts of 410 attendance officers, 96 special Social Education Officers and 386 peons, were abolished.
Delhi The Basic Education scheme and the scheme for training teachers in Basic education which were started in the year 1948-49, were continued during the year under review.
The scheme of Social Education in Delhi, introduced in the year 1948-49, was reviewed in December, 1950 and it was found that while foundation had been laid. for work in Social Education, the progress of literacy fell very short of expectations. The survey showed that during the first 14 months (August 1949 to October 1950). only 1,606 adults could be made literate. Experience showed that the general lethargy and indifference of the village population could not be overcome by a single worker conducting the classes in the evening. He could not by himself persuade many persons to attend these classes regularly. The number of adults who could take the test for literacy in October 1950 was thus very much below expectation.
Efforts were made to enlist the aid of honorary social workers, including public workers as well as students, but the result was far from encouraging. Such voluntary workers, even when they were forthcoming, dropped off after a few days, whether for lack of training necessary for this work or for lack of spare time or for lack of interest or for any other reason. In any case it was obvious that we could not rely on voluntary workers for any substantial help.
The question of wiping out illiteracy was, however, so important and urgent that it was reconsidered afresh under the guidance and direction of the Hon'ble, Minister for Education. It was decided that the original scheme should be reoriented and should be planned on more positive line, so that universal literacy might be achieved in the rural areas of Delhi within a target period of two and a half years.
Briefly, the main features of the new accelerated scheme were as follows:-
(i) 'Educational melas' should be held frequently to arouse the curiosity of the people' to give them some measure of Social Education through audiovisual means and to prepare the ground for the literacy drive. For this purpose there are now three Educational 'Caravans', consisting of a theatre stage, a daylight cinema, agricultural and health demonstration models, charts and posters, exhibitions of handwork and a travelling library.
(ii) An all out effort- should be made for achieving positive results in the, shortest possible period. 'Literacy squads' visit villages, one by one, complete their work within a month and then move on leaving one, member of the squad behind to consolidate the work. The squads consist of 15 to 20 trained teachers, one teacher being expected to make, 30 adults literate.
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(iii) A Janata College has been opened in order to train villagers for the role of local leadership, so that after a comprehensive course of about three months in general education as well as training in Agriculture and simple crafts they can go back to their villages and undertake Social Education work on a voluntary basis. This is the most important and permanent part of the programme because Social Education can be lasting only if it is ultimately based on the development of local initiative and enterprise.
During the period of four months from December 1950 to March 1951, 16 villages were covered by the all out literacy campaign. In these 16 villages 5,157 adults attended the literacy classes. At this rate it is hoped to cover all the villages of Delhi State within the target period of 2 1/2 years from November 1950.
The revised scheme will now cost Rs. 19,53,740 for the first five years from 194849, as against Rs. 11,64,038 as originally anticipated.
Hyderabad 823 new Government schools of various types were opened as detailed below:-
647 Primary schools,
61 Primary schools in the enclave areas taken over from the Bombay State. 100 Government Adult Schools.
15 Aided Adult Schools.
590 schools of various types were re-organised as follows:-
567 Primary schools (Jagir areas).
21 Jagir Middle schools.
2 Jagir High Schools.
In addition to this 433 Primary schools of the former Sarf-i-Khas areas were also reorganised.
The following Primary and Lower Secondary schools were raised to the Lower and Higher Secondary Grade.-
10 Primary and 6 Model Primary schools were raised to the status of Middle Schools.
4 Government Lower Secondary schools were raised to the grade of Higher Secondary schools.
1 Girls' Middle School at Balarum was reorganised and two Higher Secondary Classes were opened therein.
Hindi has also been admitted as a medium of instruction in Primary Schools and it is also taught in Classes III and IV as a second language to those boys whose mother tongue is one of the regional languages of the State.
There was an increase of 26 schools and 22,545 scholars in Secondary Education as compared with the previous year. Instruction through the medium of regional language was extended to Classes VIII and IV in the academic year 1950-51; it was to be introduced in class X at the academic year 1951-52; thus by June 1951 the medium of instruction in the secondary stage was completely the regional language.
With a view to popularise education among girls, Article 214 of the Hyderabad Education Code was amended so as to permit girl students being admitted to Boys' Schools of any grade provided their parents or guardians made a request for the same in writing; orders have also been issued permitting girl candidates who have completed 13 years of age to appear privately for the VII class examination in 1951 and 1952 only.
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At the end of April 1951, there were 206 schools for Scheduled Castes (203 for Boys and 3 for Girls). Education in these schools is free and scholarships are also awarded. Books and stationery are supplied free of cost and the poorest students are supplied with clothes.
Facilities for the education of the children of Criminal Tribes and for Defective children were continued during the year.
All Secondary schools and important Special Schools have libraries and Reading Rooms attached to them.
The Jagirdars' College was converted into a Public School from 15th June 1950 and was named the Hyderabad Public School.
Jammu and Kashmir A statistical table covering the various aspects of educational development has been furnished without any details of the various schemes. The following are the important items:-
A teachers' Training Schools has been started; a short course on Vocational Guidance was included.
30 Middle Schools have been raised to High Schools.
Reorganisation Scheme has been given effect to in both Boys and Girls Colleges.
Physical Education, post graduate studies in Science, Rural Multi-purpose High Schools and 2 mobile Training Squads were to be started.
120 Social Education Centres were functioning and 10,000 adults were made literate; expenditure incurred amounted to Rs. 30,000.
A sum of Rs. 75,000 was spent on the construction of buildings.
Kutch Kutch had no specific development schemes for the year 1950-51. In accordance with the State Government's general policy, 10 new primary schools were opened during the year, in villages with a population of more than 500 people. Progress was held up due to non- availability of properly qualified teachers.
Madhya Bharat Education Development Schemes were not brought into effect during 1950-51 and therefore no Progress Reports can be submitted. The Five Year Development Plan of Education has been made operative during the current year only.
Madhya Pradesh 500 Primary Schools have been opened during the year through Janapada Sabhas with an annual grant of Rs. 810/8/- per school, in the centres selected from Gram Panchayats where no such schools were then existing. Extension of building of 5 Primary schools have been completed out of 41 such schools approved by Government for the purpose. Classes V to VII have been opened in all 5 Primary Girls schools, raised to the status of Middle schools, upto 1949-50. Basic Education Board already appointed was supervising the syllabii of the Senior Basic Schools.
20 High Schools-9 for boys and 11 for girls, already opened were progressing. Total enrolment during the year was 7,030 (3,590 boys and 3,440 girls). Suitable accommodation and funds are lacking. Agricultural Laboratories have been constructed for 5 Government High Schools at Wani, Morshi, Durg, Damoh and Basim and also for the I.E.M. School at Hatta. The scheme is now complete. New building has been constructed for Kalaniketan, Jabalpur. It is now a full fledged Technical High School. Instruction in Technical Education was provided in two institutions.
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M. Ed. course and M.A. classes in Psychology already introduced in the Pranti Shikshan Mahavidalaya were progressing satisfactorily. Only 2nd year classe with the requisite staff in the 3 Diploma Training Institutions and additional Norma Schools for men and women, already established, have been continued, during the year. 3rd batch of 192 trained teachers has come out increasing the number of trained teachers. With the restoration of first year classes in recognised non-Government Normal School for women, 62 additional stipends have been continued during the year. Stipends already sanctioned for the girls in Middle and High Schools, who undertook to join the teaching profession as well for the training of teachers for Anglo-Indian and European Schools, were continued. No fresh stipends were awarded.
During the year, Summer and Monsoon courses of Social Education were held in 483 and 3,154 centres respectively with the help of Volunteers and local teachers. The total enrolment in the classes hold were 2,14,905 men and 72,386 women. Social Education Committees were set up. Audio Visual Social education has been organised with the help of Social Education vans, film shows and other programmes as well as by installation of radio sets in villages. Social Education 'text books, hand books and other literature were produced. Rural reconstruction, prohibition and introduction of industrial labour were also included in the programme. Total expenditure budgeted for Social Education for the year, was Rs. 35,71,000.
Almost all of the administrative staff already appointed under various schemes has been continued during the year without making any now appointments.
Madras An amount of Rs. 5 lakhs was sanctioned during the year for the expansion of Elementary Education by the introduction of shift system and opening of schools in school less centres of a population of 1000- 2000. It. has been decided not to expand the scheme further.
Basic Education scheme was being expanded gradually. Four now Government Basic Training Schools, under aided managements were opened and six Government Training Schools were converted into Basic Training ones. Total number of Basic Training Schools opened upto the end of the year was 48. 116 graduate teachers were deputed for retraining in Basic Education during the year, of them 18 were sent to Wardha. 348 Basic Schools have been started till 31-12-50.
Bifurcated courses were introduced in 26 schools during the year and in 139 schools upto the end of the year 1950-51.
Building works in connection with the schemes-Introduction of B.Sc. course in the Government Arts Colleges, Madras and raising of Government Arts College, Coimbatore to grade I-were complete. The schemes were already completed and the courses are in great demand.
The Engineering Colleges at Vizagapatam and Anantpur and also the Government College of Technology were running full courses. The courses are in great demand.
The schools for the blind in Cuddapah and in Salem were progressing satisfactorily.
Mysore In order to encourage private management to start a large number of Nursery Schools with only trained personnel, the State Government have a scheme in operation since 1946-47 under which 30 teachers are trained a year in Nursery Education. 20 Teachers were trained in the current year at a cost of Rs. 8,770; since the commencement of the scheme 100 Teachers have been trained,
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28 Basic Schools have been opened during the year; 100 Primary Schools were converted into Basic type ; 242 Primary Schools Teachers were trained ; 54 pupil teachers were also trained and distributed to the needy Basic Schools in the, State. 8 Graduate Teachers were trained at the Basic Training Centre and 2 at Santiniketan ; to these will be entrusted the task of inspection of existing Basic Schools. Expenditure incurred in all amounted to Rs. 36,082 (NR) and Rs. 82,622 (R).
The Basic Education Committee of 21 members constituted in November 1950 met once in the year, while the Committee of Experts set up in August 1950 have completed their work of preparing syllabii, forms etc.
The Superintendent of the Training Centre was deputed to visit Basic Centres at Sevagram, Bihar and Santiniketan.
100 Primary Schools were opened during the year. 600 additional Teachers were also sanctioned. A sum of Rs. 10,000 was provided for the free supply of books and slates to poor pupils of Primary Schools.
Partial Compulsory Education Scheme in its original form of attendance Scheme was abolished as it was found ineffective ; the Scheme of full Compulsory Education is being continued.
Rs. 52,62,703 was incurred as direct expenditure on Primary Education during the year.
Middle School Education is free and is provided in pucca, middle Schools and in New Type Middle Schools which are primary schools having the middle school classes attached to them. No now pucca middle schools were opened during the year but 50 Now Type Middle Schools were started; this has helped to extend middle school Education to rural areas. 116 new Teachers were appointed. The expenditure on Middle School Education-Rs. 8,28,368-(direct) has doubled itself as compared to the year 1946.
14 District Board High Schools and one Municipal High School for girls were opened. Private bodies are encouraged to open such schools by the payment of liberal grants at the rate of 3/4 of the net authorised expenditure. 30 Graduate Teachers were trained for Municipal High Schools.
Hindi has been introduced as a Compulsory Non-examination Subject in the I and II year classes in High Schools.
Direct expenditure amounted to Rs. 8,63,255.
223 untrained Teachers of Primary Schools were trained at the Special Teacher Training Centre; they are being placed in the higher scale as admissible to the regular trained teachers of the T. C. (Lower) grade. Lectures and demonstrations In school Health activities are arranged by the Health Department.
The Visual Education Scheme was inaugurated during the year and 43,445 pupils drawn from 51 High and 87 middle schools were benefited by the Scheme. A refresher course of a week's duration was conducted for the benefit of the trained Teachers. Expenditure incurred during the year amounted to Its. 45,631. Financial difficulties prevent the further extension of the Scheme.
Orissa Altogether there were 9,751 students in basic schools and 235 in basic training schools. The total income from craft and garden products in basic schools was Rs. 10,284. In all 17 candidates were deputed to Sevagram for training in Basic Education. Non-recurring grant of Rs. 1,50,000 was paid for the improvements of the buildings and equipment of the existing Primary schools. An amount of Its. 22,61,313 was spent towards the payment of salaries to the Primary School teachers in revised scale.
A long felt want of the provision of the fifth teachers in the aided M.E. schools was removed. Grants were paid to 8 M.E. schools for girls. One each of the sections of class X of Zilla, schools at Ballasore and Sambalpur were converted into Technical Sections during the year. Usual recurring grant was paid to 12 high
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schools for boys, already started. Three existing high schools were paid non. recurring grants for improvement of their buildings and equipment. One year's extension has been sanctioned for the expansion of Secondary Training Schools at Cuttack and Berhampore.
5 Post graduate scholarships awarded during the year, served as impetus to the desire for higher studies. Under the scheme- improvement of aided colleges a sum of Rs. 30,000 was spent on the construction of the college buildings of Christ College, Cuttack. The scheme for opening of degree classes in Geography 'and Zoology is complete. The development of the department of Zoology is still continuing. Geology, though included in the scheme could not be opened so far. Post-graduate classes on subjects already opened in Ravanshaw College, progress satisfactorily. The scheme, Opening of Degree classes in the Sailabala Women's College, Cuttack, has been sanctioned on a permanent basis,