APPENDIX A(p)- REPORT ON THE WORK OF REHABILITATION OF STUDENTS AND TEACHERS DISPLACED FROM PAKISTAN
1. Facilities for education to displaced students.-In the last meeting of Central Advisory Board of Education, it was reported that 1028 schools had been started for the benefit of refugees by the Centre and the State Governments. This number has increased to 2038 up to the end of 1951. Total amount spent by the States and Central Governments in 1950-51, is Rs. 63,41,800-10-8 spent on Government schools and Rs. 14,51,179-1-0 on grants paid to schools started for refugees by private bodies. Total expenditure on these schools for the year 1950-51 amounts to Rs. 7,92,979. An abstract of facilities for education to displaced students is given in Appendix 'A'.
(i) Activities of some of the State Governments in this respect are summarised below :-
(ii) Punjab (I).
153 Primary Schools, 15 High Schools and 2 Colleges were started by the Government and local bodies for refugees upto year ending March, 19.50. Two Primary Schools, one Secondary School and 7 Colleges started by private agencies were placed on grant-in-aid list. Amount spent by the Government in 1950-51 on Government Schools for refugees was Rs. 19,25,868-7-8 and on grants to private schools for refugees was Rs. 10,05,659/-. 65 Primary Schools and two Colleges were proposed to be started last year.
(iii) West Bengal.
The Government of West, Bengal opened 775 Primary Schools, Six Primary Schools started by private bodies were placed on the grant-in- aid list. The total amount spent by the State Government was Rs. 8,77,996 as expenditure on Government Schools and Rs. 8,10,120/- as grants-in-aid to Schools started for displaced student.
This expenditure has been met by the Centre.
(iv) Bombay.
74 Primary schools were opened for refugee by the State Government and local bodies upto 1950 and 23 in 1.951. 59 schools started by the private bodies were placed on the grant-in-aid list, two colleges and 10 schools disrupted in Pakistan subsequent to Partition were revived in Bombay. Total amount spent by the Government in running these Schools amounted in 1950-51. to Rs. 7,01,376, and to Rs. 62,094 as grant-in-aid.
(v) Madras and Assam.
1 Primary School in Madras and 3 Primary Schools in Assam are proposed to be started.
(vi) Bihar.
16 Primary and 8 middle schools were started by the Government of Bihar and 3 placed on the grant-in-aid list. The total expenditure was Rs. 14,762-12-0.
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(vii) Orissa.
12 Primary Schools were started and it was proposed to start 70 more. The total expenditure in 1950-51 was Rs. 17,426.
(viii) Delhi.
67 Schools and 2 Colleges were started by the Government and local bodies upto 1950, and 13 Schools were started in 1950 and 4 in 1951. 13 more Schools are proposed to be started next year. The amount spent by the Government in 1950-51 was Rs. 9,48,779/- and Rs. 1,27,757/- as grants to schools for displaced students. 14 Craft Middle Schools at an expenditure of Rs. 3 lakhs were also started.
(ix) Ajmer.
37 Primary Schools, 3 High Schools were started by the Government and 1 High, 1 Middle and 4 Primary Schools were placed on the grant-in-aid list. The total amount spent in 1950-51 was Rs. 5,22,952/-.
(x) Vindhya Pradesh.
14 Primary Schools were started in Refugee Camps, and 6 are proposed to be started next year. The total expenditure in 1950-51 was Rs. 12,504-14-3.
(xi) Rajasthan.
61 Primary Schools were started and 95 are proposed to be started. The direct expenditure for 1950-51 was Rs. 3,00,107-13-0 and a sum of Rs. 15,213/- was given as grants.
(xii) Saurashtra.
28 Primary Schools were started by the Government of Saurashtra at a cost of Rs. 1,57,375-2-9.
2. Financial assistance to students.-Under the revised schemes of the Government of India, in the Ministry of Rehabilitation the following concessions are given to displaced students :-
(a) Free Primary education in camps; fee concessions to Primary students in non-compulsory Primary education areas, a grant of Rs. 5/- each for books to deserving Primary students; Rs. 20/- to Rs. 30/- each for middle and High class students, and a stipend of Rs. 30/- to Rs. 60/- each to College and technical students, provided that in the case of school children the income of the father does not exceed Rs. 100/- for concessions in the Primary Department, and Its. 150/for concessions in the High Department. The amount spent by the State Governments is given at Appendix 'B'. This expenditure is met by the Centre.
3. Facilities for Private examinations.-The Government of India felt that displaced students who could not afford to join schools or colleges or could not gain admission to institutions on account of limited accommodation should be eligible to take public examinations privately, and this was suggested to State Governments also. The Universities of Punjab, Utkal and Agra accepted these suggestions. The Punjab University has permitted displaced persons to take its examinations privately for 5 years, i.e., upto 1955, and it later on extended these benefits at the suggestion of the Government of India to displaced Sindhi students also.
4. Duplicate certificates to 'displaced persons.-In view of the unhelpful attitude taken by the Punjab University, Lahore, in the matter of issue of duplicate certificates, it was decided to collect relevent records from India and issue certificates on the basis of that record. The Punjab 'University, Solan, agreed to issue there certificates, and has so far issued 13,160 certificates. 61 certificates were obtained from the University of Punjab, Lahore this year. Correspondence is
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going on in a very large number of pending cases. The Punjab University, Solan, has agreed to issue certificates to displaced persons on a solemn declaration on personal knowledge by two Class I Gazetted Officers; a declaration by an Assistant Registrar of the Punjab University, Solar or by the Principal of the College concerned being also accepted for this purpose. This has helped to alleviate the distress of the displaced persons to a considerable extent.
The Government of India have during the year 1951 verified the result statements of 97 candidates from the records collected by them.
5. Revival if disrupted institutions and the transfer of Education Funds.-The Government of India collected information with regard to the funds of the institutions which were disrupted in Pakistan after Partition and found that property (movable and immovable) worth more than Rs. 20 crores and funds worth approximately Rs. 50 lakhs were left behind in Pakistan. At the suggestion of the Government of India some of the commercial banks transferred to India an amount of approx. Rs. 19.3 lakhs. The remaining amount is still in Pakistan, and efforts are being made for their transfer to India. To secure the proper utilisation of these funds, the State Governments were requested to keep a watch over the withdrawal of those funds and to suggest to the Banks through Collectors not to release these funds, unless the societies concerned secured a certificate from the Head of the Department of Education to the effect that the money so drawn would be spent by them either on making payment of arrears of pay to the staff or for restarting the disrupted institutions. The problem of finding out ways and means of reviving the old schools is engaging the attention of Government. In the meantime 7 Colleges and 14 High Schools have been revived in India, and Government allocated a grant of Rs, 14 lakhs towards financial help to these institutions.
Report on the Rehabilitation of displaced teachers.--A report was submitted to the Board at its last meeting giving a statement of the work done in respect of the rehabilitation of displaced teachers upto the middle of 1949. A report on the number of teachers employed in various States upto December' 1951 as per latest information available is appended in Appendix 'C'. The total number of teachers employed in different States in India by the end of 1950 is 20,120. Out of this 8,149 were employed in Bengal alone from the teachers displaced during the last disturbances.
Out of the total number of teachers rehabilitated in West Bengal upto 31st March 1951, 351 were absorbed in Colleges, 5,610 in Secondary Schools and 3,784 in Primary Schools.
In Punjab untrained persons in the service of Government were replaced by displaced persons, and instructions were issued not to extend the service of teachers beyond the age of super-annuation so as to make it possible to absorb more displaced teachers.
2. Facilities for training of displaced teachers.-To rehabilitate teachers, especially widows and destitute persons who were not trained but had some teaching experience in Pakistan, it was suggested to State Governments that they may consider if they can take advantage of this manpower and relax their rules so as to render such persons eligible for service in recognised schools. It was also suggested that they might arrange short-term refresher or training courses for these teachers. The State Governments of Punjab, Madhya Bharat, Madhya Pradesh, Assam, Vindhya Pradesh, Bombay, Manipur, Bihar, Travancore-Cochin and Delhi accepted these suggestions in principle.
In Delhi a special school was started in 1949 to give training to the employed displaced teachers in the evening hours, and it was continued last year and is proposed to be continued next year also. Short courses were arranged in the Punjab
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at Jagraon, and a provision of Rs. 9,666/- has been made for holding similar short refresher courses in Jagraon this year. In Assam also 16 training centres are working and the number of teachers trained each year is 650. The total number of teachers trained upto October, 1951 if, 2,918. A course of 8 weeks' duration was organized in Vindhya Pradesh. About 2,500 untrained teachers attended this course. In Bombay, proposals to start a second-year training elms for the first-year trained Sindhi teachers is receiving consideration.
3. Certificates of teachers.-To assist displaced teachers who had left their certificates in Pakistan and found it difficult to procure them from the Education Department of States in Pakistan, the Indian State Governments were requested to issue certificates to them on the basis of collateral evidence available in India. According to their statements, the Government of Punjab accordingly has issued in all 1,167 certificates, and Delhi approximately 150. Other State Governments also agreed to issue certificates to teachers on these lines.
4. Provident fund of Teachers.-It was stated in the previous report that claims of provident funds amounting to approximately Rs. 6.5 lakhs were verified by Pakistan upto the date of the devaluation of Indian currency. No further progress has been made after that, in spite of the subsequent Indo-Pakistan Agreement of June 1950, and also departmental negotiations between the Post Office Departments of both countries. The Government of India are now (considering the question of offering interim relief to the remaining teachers. The Government of Punjab is, however, proceeding with its scheme of the payment of interim relief to the extent of 50% of the total amount. The Ministry of Rehabilitation has also evolved a scheme of interim relief on similar lines to the Local Body teachers displaced from N.W.F.P., Sind and Baluchistan.
5. Full provident funds in new employments in India.-The State Government were requested to consider whether on compassionate grounds, displaced teachers employed with benefits of Provident Fund can on retirement be given the full amount including the employee's contribution, irrespective of the length of services in Indian schools. St-ate Governments who had not taken a decision earlier have new communicated their willingness to accept the suggestion in principle. The Governments of Bihar, Himachal Pradesh, Madhya Bharat, Manipur, Delhi, Tripura, Orissa, Pepsu, U.P., Bombay and Assam have issued instructions to the managements of recognised institutions for implementation.
6. Salaries of Teachers.-The question of giving a higher initial salary to displaced teachers in their Indian scales of pay was further pursued, and a formula for this purpose was evolved in Delhi. The formula is that advance increments equal in number to the completed years of service during which the displaced persons drew pay in Pakistan at rates higher than the minimum of the Indian pres- cribed scales of pay should be granted, provided the pay so calculated did not exceed the pay last drawn by him in Pakistan or, if there is no such stage in the prescribed scale, the pay at the stage next below. In Punjab the Government fixed -up displaced Local Body and Government teachers in, the same scales and on the same salaries as they were drawing in Pakistan and also instructed the managers of private schools to do the same. The other State Governments also took a sympathetic view, framed their own rules in this regard and offered advance increments to experienced displaced teachers in respect of their approved years of service in Pakistan.
7. Reservation of seats.-The Government of India had earlier suggested to the State Governments to reserve a certain percentage of vacancies for displaced persons. Later on, it was found that such reservations conflicted with the provisions of the Constitution. It was, therefore, suggested to the State Governments that in selecting for appointments a person from amongst the candidates holding equivalent qualifications, preference should be given to a displaced teacher in view of the length of his experience. The Government of U. P. has agreed to reserve in 1950 30 vacancies in the L. T. grade and 50 vacancies in C. T. grade for displaced teachers.
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APPENDIX A
STATEMENT SHOWING FACILITIES FOR EDUCATION TO DISPLACED STUDENTS IN STATES IN INDIA.
Number of Number of Number of
Schools Schools Schools
started by started by Proposed to Total Expenditure Grant
Govt. or local Private Bodies be started
States Bodies upto placed on in 1951
1951 Grant-in-aid
List
Part A States
P S C P S C P S C Total Rs. A. P. Rs. A. P.
West Bengal 77612 2 4 - 9 - - 787 16 - 803 8,77,996 0 0 14,400 0 0
7,95,720 0 0
Madhya Pradesh - - - - - - - - - - - - .. .. ..
Madras 1 - - - - - - - - 1 - - 1 .. 6,222 0 0
Bihar 206 8 - 7 - - - 3 - 213 11 - 224 14,762 2 0 500 0 0
Assam - - - 13 4 - 3 - - 16 4 - 20 .. 25,700 0 0
Punjab 153 13 2 2 1 7 65 - 2 230 14 11 255 19,25,868 7 8 10,05,559 0 0
Orissa 12 - - - - - 70 - - 82 - - 82 17,426 0 0 ..
U.P. 26 - - 8 * * 3 - - 29 - - 29 .. 19,988 0 0
Bombay 74 - - 47 10 2 23 - - 144 10 2 156 5,75,986 0 0 62,092 0 0
Total 1,248 33 2 82 19 9 173 3 2 1,491 45 11 1,570 42,07,758 9 8 11,34,461 0 0
Rajpura and Faridabad 14 4 1 - - - 1 1 - 15 5 - 20 4,10,000 0 0 ..
Nilokheri run by Centre.
*Disrupted institutions revived
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APPENDIX A---Cont d
Number of Number of Number of
Schools Schools Schools
started by started by Proposed to Total Expenditure Grant
Govt. or local Private Bodies be started
States Bodies upto placed on in 1951
1951 Grant-in-aid
List
Part A States
P S C P S C P S C Total Rs. A. P. Rs. A. P.
Rajasthan 71 - - - - - 95 - - 166 - - 166 3,00,107 13 0 15,213 0 0
Madhya Bharat 40 - - - 1 - - - - 40 5 - 45 1,71,889 0 0 1,800 0 0
Mysore - - - 1 - - - - - 1 - - 1 .. 768 0 0
Saurashta 2 2 - - - - - - - 2 2 - 4 .. 1,57,375 2 9
113 6 - 1 1 - 95 - - 209 7 - 216 4,71,996 13 0 1,75,156 2 9
Part C States.
Delhi 73 34 2 - 20 3 - 6 - 73 60 5 138 9,48,779 0 0 1,27,757 0 0
Bhopal 4 - - - - - - - - 4 - - 4 42,249 0 0 ..
Ajmer 38 4 - 4 2 - - - - 42 6 - 48 40,249 0 0 ..
52,952 0 0
Vindhya Pradesh 7 - - - - - - - - 7 - - 7 .. 12,804 14 0
Kutch - - - - - - - - - - - - .. .. ..
Jammu and Kashmir 32 - - - - - - - - 32 - - 32 1,35,600 0 0 ..
Andaman etc. 3 - - - - - - 3 - - 3 32,216 3 0 1,000 0 0
157 38 2 4 22 3 - 6 - 161 66 5 232 12,52,045 3 0 1,41,561 14 3
GRAND TOTAL 1,532 81 4 87 42 12 269 10 2 1,876 126 16 2,088 63,41,800 10 8 1,41,5179 1 0
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FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE GIVEN TO DISPLACED STUDENTS DURING THE YEAR 1950-51.
Loan Stipends Freeships Grants
Part `A' States.
Rs. A. P. Rs. A.P. Rs. A.P. Rs. A.P.
1.West Bengal 2,19,957 0 0 5,58,992 0 0 13,30,000 0 0 69,285 0 0
1,050 0 0 13,660 0 0 12,25,475 8 0 1,05,224 0 0
2. Punjab
3,891 0 0 .. .. ..
3. Madhya
Pradesh 2,400 0 0 2,200 0 0 .. ..
4. Madras 2,461 0 0 21,420 0 0 1,341 0 0 16,003 6 0
5. Bombay 2,214 0 0 7,01,376 0 0 .. ..
6. Assam .. 40,717 0 0 .. ..
7. Bihar .. 39,078 12 0 .. ..
615 0 0 .. ..
8. Orissa 2,206 14 0
2,207 0 0 .. ..
9. U.P .. 10,67,595 0 0 24,826 0 0 ..
Total 234,179 14 0 17,49,237 8 3 2,81,642 10 0 1,90,512 15 0
Part `B' States.
1. Madhya .. 13,728 0 0 .. ..
Bharat
2. Pepsu 27,860 0 0 .. ..
3. Mysore .. 10,790 0 0 .. ..
4. Saurashtra 44,036 0 0 .. ..
5. Rajasthan .. 27,960 0 0 .. ..
Total Nil. 1,24,264 0 0 Nil Nil
Part `C' States.
1. Kutch .. 5,000 0 0 .. 1,611 0 0
2. Vindhya Pradesh .. 5,163 6 0 .. 450 0 0
3. Ajmer 3,540 0 0 7,768 0 0 854 0 0 989 0 0
10,636 0 0
4. Himachal Pradesh .. 4,536 11 0 .. ..
5. Delhi .. 8,492 0 0 .. 75,497 0 0
6. Bhopal .. 6,450 0 .. 74,500 0 0
Total 3,540 0 0 39,410 1 0 11,492 0 0 1,53,047 0 0
Part `D' States.
1. Andamans and .. 4,536 11 0 .. ..
Nicobar.
GRAND TOTAL 2,37,719 0 0 19,17,448 4 3 2,93,134 10 0 8,43,559 15 0
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APPENDIX C
No. of No. of
teachers additional
Name of State employed teachers Total
upto employed
1949 during
1950
Part `A' States
Assam 215 upto 1950 215
Bihar 434 49 583
Bombay 883 743 1,626
Madhya Pradesh 93 127 320
Madras 3 8 11
Orissa 50 3 53
Punjab 3,281 816 4,097
U.P. 252 186 388
West Bengal 1,496 8,149 9,645
Total 6,707 10,081 16,738
Part `B' States.
Madhya Bharat 130 123 253
Pepsu 8 .. 8
Rajasthan 296 128 424
Saurashtra 33 94 127
Total 467 345 812
Part `C' State
Ajmer 277 32 309
Bhopal .. 51 51
Bilaspur 2 4 6
Manipur 8 1 9
Kutch 15 .. 15
Delhi 1,392 499 1,891
Andamans 1 5 6
Himachal Pradesh 20 3 23
Vindhya Pradesh 68 43 111
Coorg .. .. ..
Tripura 18 3 21
Total 1,801 641 2,442
Part `D' States
Andaman & Nicobar Islands 1 5 6
Ministry of Defence in
Cantonment School. 91 .. 91
Nilokheri 27 4 31
Total 119 9 128
GRAND TOTAL 9,094 11,026 20,120