107
(ii) Non-recurring
Adults.
1. Chowkies for teacher,
Black Board for classes, 30,00,000 .. .. .. ..
Rs.30/-per class.
2. Petromax lamps- 3 la-
mps per class Rs.50/- per 1,50,00,000 .. .. .. ..
lamp.
3. Matting for 60 lacs yds.
Rs. 1/8/-per yard. 90,00,000
4. Expenditure on camps for
training volunteers in soc-
ial education work (Camp for .. .. .. .. ..
2 month's duration) with the
help of 2 paid teachers 1,375
camps.
1. Pay for 2 teachers @ Rs.
70/- p.m. X 2 X 2 X 1,374 = .. .. .. .. ..
3,85,000.
2. T.A. for 16 Hony. Lect-
urers for camps, 2,20,000. .. .. .. .. ..
3. T.A. for 40 volunteers
at Rs. 10/- per volunteer- .. .. .. .. ..
5,5,50,000. .. ..
4. Messing charges, .. .. .. .. ..
66,00,000 .. ..
5. Cost of teaching mater-
ial at Rs. 1/-per person. .. .. .. .. ..
55,000.
6. Kerosene oil 3 tins per .. .. .. .. ..
camp. 15,000 ..
7. Contingncies Rs. 30/-
per camp 7,87,500 .. .. .. .. ..
Total from 1-7:
85,81,250 .. .. .. .. .. ..
Total 3,55,82,000 .. .. .. ..
(iii) Visual and audal
apparatus:
1. Radios, One for every
class Rs. 500/-including 5,00,00,000 .. .. .. ..
battery set.
2. Mobile Film Units.
Cost Rs. 30,000/-per fully 10,02,00,000 .. .. .. ..
equipped unit, 3,340 units.
3. Cost of films 24 units
per class Rs. 200/- per 48,00,00,000 .. .. .. ..
units.
Total .. 63,02,00,000 .. .. .. ..
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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
(b) SCHEME UTILISING SERVICES OF 1 LAC TEACHERS, 50,000 VOLUNTEERS 5,000 LEADERS,
i.e., 1 LAC ADULT EDUCATION CLASSES AND 5,000 SUMMER CAMPS-contd.
(iv) Working and maint-
enance costs of visual
and audal apparatus.
1. Working and maint-
enance of radios :
(a) In classes. Working
cost Rs. 10/- per month 60,00,000 60,00,000 60,00,000 60,00,000 60,00,000
per radio-for six months.
Replacement of batteries,
repairs etc. @ Rs.50/-per .. 50,00,000 50,00,000 50,00,000 50,00,000
set.
(b) In camps. Working cost
for 5,000 radios-Rs. 10/- 1,00,000 1,00,000 1,00,000 1,00,000 1,00,000
per radio per month.
Repairs @ Rs. 10/-per radio 80,000 80,000 80,000 80,000 80,000
for 2 months.
2. Working and maintenance
of Mobile film units.
(a) In classes-Cost of run-
ning mobile units @ Rs. 50,10,000 50,10,000 50,10,000 50,10,000 50,10,000
250/-per unit for 2 months.
(b) In camps-Cost of run-
ning units @ Rs. 250/-per 25,00,000 25,00,000 25,00,000 25,00,000 25,00,000
unit for 2 months
Total .. 1,36,90,000 1,86,90,000 1,86,90,000 1,86,90,000 1,86,90,000
Total Scheme (b) .. 6,91,00,000 7,41,00,000 7,41,00,000 7,41,00,000 7,41,90,000
66,57,82,000
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(v) Continuation of Edu-
cation (Maintenance of
Literacy)
1. One Library for every
60 adults educated, Books 1,20,00,000 3,0,00,000 4,50,00,000 6,00,00,000 7,50,00,000
worth Rs.80/-
2. One box for each centre
@ Rs. 20/- .. 30,00,000 .. .. .. ..
Total .. 1,50,00,000 3,00,00,000 4,50,00,000 6,00,00,000 7,50,00,000
(vi) 1.District Organizat-
ion.
There are about 180
districts in Provinces
including Centrally Admi-
nistered Areas. Each Dis-
trict will have an orga-
nization consisting of 1
District Inspector of So-
cial Education,one Clerk,
and two peons besides the
supervisors already shown
above.It is expected that
Provincial Government
will need no extra
accommodation and
furniture etc. for this
Provincial Government
will need no extra
accommodation and furnit-
ure etc. for this staff.
Disst. Inspectors at Rs.
300/- p.m. each.
6,48,000 .. .. .. ..
180 clerks @ Rs. 90/-p.m.
each .. 1,94,400 .. .. .. ..
360 peons @ Rs. 60/- p.m.
each .. 2,59,200 .. .. .. ..
T.A. for Staff .. .. .. 2,70,000 .. .. .. ..
180 Library Organizers @ Rs
100/-(library boxes to be
conveyed by supervisors). 2,16,000 .. .. .. ..
Contingencies @ Rs 100/-
per month .. 2,16,000 .. .. .. ..
18,03,600 18,03,600 18,03,600 18,03,600 18,03,600
One Library Organizer to
be added every year 180 2,16,000 2,16,000 4,32,000 6,48,000 8,64,000
Liby. Organizers.
Total (approx.) 18,04,000 20,20,000 22,36,000 24,52,000 26,68,000
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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
(vi). 2. Provincial Organ-
ization.
9 Deputy Directors of Edu-
cation (Social) @ Rs. 1000/- 1,08,000 .. .. .. ..
p.m. one for each province.
9 Publicity Officers @ Rs.
300/- p.m. each 32,400 .. .. .. ..
9 Editors and Managers of
Publications @ Rs. 300/-
p.m. each. 32,400 .. .. .. ..
9 Provl. Director of Libra-
ries @ Rs.300/- p.m. each 32,400 .. .. .. ..
9 Statisticians .. .. .. 27,000 .. .. .. ..
9 Stenos .. .. .. .. 21,600 .. .. .. ..
45 Clerks
5 peons .. .. .. .. 38,880 .. .. .. ..
T.A. for members of 9 Provl.
Boards of Social Education 72,000 .. .. .. ..
Stationery .. .. .. .. 63,000 .. .. .. ..
Contingencies .. .. .. 18,000 .. .. .. ..
Publication of 50 pamphlets
in each Province @ Rs. 500/-
per pamphlet. 2,25,000 .. .. .. ..
It is again presumed that
the needed accommodation
and furniture will be
available in Provincial
Education Departments.
6,70,680 .. .. .. ..
Total Approx. 6,71,000 6,71,000 6,71,000 6,71,000 6,71,000
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(vi) 3. Central Organi-
zation.
1. T.A. for 8 non-official
members of the Central Ad- 15,000 .. .. .. ..
visory Board of Social Edu-
cation for attending 3 mee-
tings of the Board in a year.
T.A. for visit of panel of
members to Provinces. 30,000 .. .. .. ..
T.A. of Secretary of the
Board .. .. .. .. 5,000 .. .. .. ..
2.Staff.
Secretary of the Board of the
rank of A.E.A 10,800 .. .. .. ..
One Technical Assistant .. 3,000 .. .. .. ..
One Steno .. .. .. .. 3,000 .. .. .. ..
One Lower Division Clerk .. 1,080 .. .. .. ..
One Peon .. .. .. .. 900 .. .. .. ..
Contingencies .. .. .. .. 1,000 .. .. .. ..
3. Experimental Education and
Cultural activities. 5,00,000 .. .. .. ..
4. Preparation of Literature
(main work will be done in
Provinces. Centre will be only 2,000 .. .. .. ..
incidental co-ordinating work.
Production of Charts,maps,
models, records etc. 2,30,000 .. .. .. ..
Grants to Centrally Admini-
stered Areas .. 2,00,000 .. .. .. ..
10,00,000 .. .. .. ..
Total VI-1,2,3 34,75,000 .. .. .. ..
Totalof(i)to (vi) 7,45,15,000 8,22,31,000 8,24,47,000 8,26,63,000 8,28,79,000
Scheme (a) 50,87,00,000 3,00,00,000 4,50,00,000 6,00,00,000 7,50,00,000
Total of (i) to (vi) 7,25,75,000 7,77,91,000 7,80,07,000 8,82,27,000 7,84,39,000
Scheme (b) 68,07,82,000 3,00,00,000 4,50,00,000 6,00,00,000 7,50,00,000
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COMPARISON OF SCHEMES (a) and (b). Scheme (a)
Educating 45 lacs of adults with the help of 75,000 teachers (i.e., 75,000 classes).-in the 1st half year.
Educating 45 lacs of adults with the help of 75,000 teachers (i.e., 75,000 classes).-in the 2nd half year.
Total 90 lacs adults.
Scheme (b).
Educating 60 lacs adults with the help of 1 lac teachers (i.e.,1 lac classes).
Educating 30 lacs of adults with the help of 5,000 camps of 2 months' duration each; camp to use 10 volunteers.
Total 90 lacs adults.
FININCIAL COMPARISON OF THE TWO SCHEMES,
Expenditure during 1949-50.
Item Scheme(a) Scheme (b)
(i) Recurring expenditure on adult students and teachers:
1. Allowance to teachers .. .. 9000,000 60,00,000
2. Pay of supervisors .. .. 14,40,000 9,60,00
3. Equipment for adults .. .. 2,92,50,0090 2,92,50,000
4. Prizes .. .. 22,50,000 22,50,000
5. Kerosene Oil .. .. 81,00,000 63,00,000
6. Contingencies 45,00,000 35,00,000
7. T. A. for volunteers .. .. 5,50,000
8. Messing charges for volunteers .. 66,00,000
Total (1) to (8) 5,45,40,000 5,54,10,000
(ii) Non-recurring expenditure on teachers and adult students.
1. Chowkis for teacher , Black Board 22,50,000 30,00,000
2. Petromaz Lamps .. .. 1,22,25,000 1,50,00,000
3. Matting 67,25,000 90,00,000
4. Training Camp for volunteers .. .. 85,82,000
Total (1) to (4) .. 2,12,00,000 3,55,82,000
(iii) Visual and Audal apparatus.
1. Radios .. .. 3,75,00,000 5,00,000,000
2. mobile Film Units .. 7,50,00,000 10,02,00,000
3. Films 36,00,00,000 48,00,00,000
Total (1) to (3) 47,25,00,000 63,02,00,000
(iv) Working and Maintenance costs
of visual and Audal apparatus.
1. Working and Maintenance of radios 90,000,000 61,80,000
2. Working and Maintenance of Mobile
film units 75,00,000 75,00,000
Total (1) to (2) 1,65,00,000 1,36,90,000
(v) Maintenance of Literacy by
Libraries 1,50,00,000 1,50,00,000
(vi) District, Provincial and Central
Organisations 34,75,000 34,75,000
Total (i) to (vi) .. 58,32,15,000 75,33,57,000
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B.Expenditure for the quinquennium 1949-54.
Item Scheme (a) Scheme (b)
(i) Recurring expenditure on adult students and teachers
1. Allowance to teachers .. ..
2. Pay of supervisors .. ..
3. Equipment for adults .. ..
4. Prizes .. ..
} 27,27,00,000 27,70,50,000
5. Kerosene Oil .. ..
6. Contingencies .. ..
7. T. A. for volunteers .. ..
8. Messing charges for volunteers ..
Total .. 27,27,00,000 27,70,50,000
(ii) Non-recurring expenditure on
teachers and adult students 2,12,00,000 3,55,82,000
(iii) Visual and Audal apparatus 47,25,00,000 63,02,00,000
(iv) Working and maintenance of Visual
and Audal apparatus.
(1) Working and Maintenance 8,25,00,000 7,84,50,000
(2) Repairs (4 years from 1950-54) .. 3,00,00,000 2,00,00,000
1,25,00,000 8,84,50,000
(v) Maintenance of literacy. Cost of
Libraries increasing every year
in arithmetical progression by
Rs. 1 1/2 crore until complete
literacy is achieved. 22,50,00,000 22,50,00,000
(vi) District, Provincial and Central
Organisations (Expenditure on
Library organisation increasing
every year in arithmetical progress-
ion by 2,16,000 .. .. 1,75,35,000 1,75,35,000
Total of (i) to (vi) .. 112,09,35,000 127,33,17,000
(vii) Depreciation costs for Item
(ii), (iv) (v) at the flat rate
of 10% per annum.. 7,18,70,000 8,90,78,200
Total .. 119,33,05,000 136,28,95,200
APPENDIX A.
Estimated Contribution
illiterate from the
Name of Province population Centre in
(in crores) 1949-50 (in
thousand of Rs
East Punjab .. .. .. 1 4.50
U. P. .. .. .. 5 22.50
Bihar .. .. .. 3.2 14.40
West Bengal .. .. .. 2.0 9.00
Assam .. .. .. .7 3.15
Orissa .. .. .. .8 3.60
Madras .. .. .. 4.3 19.35
C.P. & Berar .. .. .. 1.4 6.30
Bombay .. .. .. 1.6 7.20
Total .. 20 9,000
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APPENDIX 'B' (Syllabus) No attempt is made to give a rigid syllabus for the above 5 aspects of Social Education. It should be allowed to shape itself out of the actual local needs of the teacher and the taught.
1. The CONTENT.-The content of Social Education is 5-fold.
1. Health and Hygiene.
2. Family and community living.
3. Vocations.
4. Literary and cultural activities.
5. Recreational activities.
The five-fold field is amplified as follows:-
1. Health and Hygiene:- Food and drink-Temperance-Care of body and its parts-Clothing-Personal cleanliness, and sanitation-Importance of sun, air and water-Common diseases and their treatment.
2. Family and Community living:- Relationship of individual members in the family-Care and welfare of children-Management of the home-Home economics-Family in the Social context-Marriage etc.
3. Vocations:- (i) Agriculture: soil, seeds, sowing and planting; Rotation of crops, seasons-Manures-Protection of Crops, Co- operative Farming-Dairying Bee-keeping-Poultry-raising, Fishery.
(ii) Cottage industries-Spinning and Weaving-Newar and Durry making, knitting, net-making, Basket-making, Elementary carpentary, Leather work, Cane-work, Soap- making, Fruit preservation-Principles of co-operation- credit and banking-buying and selling-farming.
4. Literary and cultural activities:- (i) Very simple reading and Letter writing-Filling in of money-order forms-Simple every day arithmetic.
(ii) Elementary knowledge of village, district, Province, country and of the world-Stories of great men.
(iii) Self-Government-Duties of citizens-Meaning and importance of vote-Panchayat system-Local and District Boards-Municipalities-Home Legislatures.
(iv) Laws, social conventions and orderliness, Courtesy, co-operation and tolerance.
(v) Value of Libraries.
5. Recreational activities.-Indoor and out-door games-sports- Folk dances-Community singing-Plays-Films shows, Hobbies.
II. Duration:- Social education should be conducted for two hours daily, separately for each of two age groups (12-21) and (21-45) and should last six months. Tuition in the first 4 items of the programme (health and hygiene, family and community living, vocations and literary and cultural activities) should be given on 5 days from Monday to Friday. Saturday and Sunday should be reserved for recreational activities. All adults attending the classes will be given a test at the end of their 6 months of works. Those who succeed in the test will be awarded badges or certificates of literacy. Prizes will be given for those who show merit.
III. The basic medium of instruction will be the spoken and the written word. However, all available visual and audal material should be made to supplement the oral medium.
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APPENDIX ('C')
FUNCTIONS OF THE CENTRAL BOARD OF SOCIAL EDUCATION These are set out in the final Report of the Adult (Social) Education Committee of the Central Advisory Board of Education as follows :-
(1) To examine Provincial Scheme of Adult (Social) Education;
(2) To recommend to the Government of India the payment of necessary grants for these schemes from Central Revenues;
(3) To advise on and make arrangements for the preparation of literature and audit-visual aids throughout the country, particularly films, charts, maps, posters and gramophone records etc.
(4) To receive periodical reports of the working of the Schemes in different Provinces; and
(5) To suggest legislation or other administrative action for mobilising students, Government servants and refugees for furthering the scheme of Social Education.
FINAL REPORT OF ADULT (SOCIAL) EDUCATION COMMITTEE
OF THE CENTRAL ADVISORY BOARD OF EDUCATION
APPOINTED ON THE 15TH JANUARY, 1948. The Central Advisory Board of Education, when appointed the Adult Education Committee, directed that it should submit its report as early as possible. As the preparation of the final report with details of the scheme took time, the Committee submitted an interim report in February 1948. This interim report was considered by the Committee in its last meeting held on the 9th July, 1948, and its conclusions finalized. In all, the Committee held four meetings and consisted of the following members:-
1. Hon'ble Shri Mohan Lal Saksena,
Minister for Relief & Rehabilitation (Chairman).
2. Mr. Humayun Kabir,
Joint Education Adviser to the Government of India, Ministry of Education.
3. Dr. Mata Prasad,
Principal, Royal Institute of Science, Bombay.
4. Mr. K. G. Saiyidain,
Educational Adviser to the Government of Bombay.
5. Dr. V. S. Jha,
Director of Public Instruction, Nagpur.
In addition to the members of the Committee, Shri Ananthasayanam Ayyanger and Prof. N. K. Sidhanta also attended some of the meetings of the Committee.
The findings of the Committee were unanimous and are as follows :-
1. That in view of the far-reaching implications of the scheme, it should be called "A SCHEME FOR SOCIAL EDUCATION" instead of "A SCHEME FOR ADULT EDUCATION AND LITERACY".
116
The Committee is of the opinion that a new orientation must be given to schemes for the education of the adult. Till now, Adult Education has been largely confined to literacy work. The Committee recognizes the value of the ability to read and write, as it opens to the adult new avenues of knowledge and opportunity. The Committee, however, feels that the present socio-economic set-up in the country demands a more direct approach. Our immediate task is to improve the standard of life and culture of the adult and turn him into a healthier, happier and better citizen. The work of literacy must go on and special efforts must be made to achieve the target of 50 per cent literacy in the course of the next 5 years. Even greater emphasis must, however, be placed oil the social aspects of education.
The OBJECTIVES of such Social Education may be defined as follows :-
(a) To instil a consciousness of the rights and duties of citizenship and foster a spirit of service to the community.
(b) To develop a love for democracy and impart an understanding of the way in which democracy functions.
(c) To disseminate knowledge of the outstanding problems and difficulties facing the country and the world to-day.
(d) To develop love for the pride in our cultural heritage through the knowledge of our history, geography and culture.
(e) To teach the simple laws of personal and community health and develop habits of hygiene and cleanliness.
(f) To foster the growth of the co-operative spirit as a way of life.
(g) To provide training in crafts both as a hobby and as a means to economic betterment.
(h) To provide cultural and recreational facilities by way of folk dances, drama, music, poetry, recitation and other ways of spontaneous self-expression.
(i) To provide through these various activities as well as through reading and discussion groups, an undertanding of the basic moral values.
(j) To give a reasonable mastery over the tools of learning-reading, writing, simple arithmetic and to create an interest in knowledge.
(k) To provide facilities for continuation of education through libraries, discussion groups, clubs and institutions like peoples' Colleges.
2. That the Provincial Governments be requested to prepare schemes for social education for making at least 50 per cent of the adult population of the Province literate in the course of the next five years.
3. That the Provincial Governments be advised to have their schemes prepared well in time to enable the commencement of their operation not later than the 1st April, 1949.
4. That the Provincial Governments be requested to entrust the working of the scheme in their respective Provinces to an experienced educational officer, preferably the Director of Public Instruction, whose duty it shall be to prepare a five year scheme for the provinces for achieving the object defined above. He should be assisted by a special officer and a specially constituted Social Education Council or Board consisting of experts and persons interested in this field of education.
117
5. That on approval of the Provincial scheme by the Government of India, the contribution of the Central Government should ordinarily be 50 per cent of the total expenditure, but in the case of provinces socially, educationally and economically backward, the Centre may
provide a higher subvention.
6. That the scheme for Social Education be designed for the purpose of imparting education to the population between 12 and 45 years.
7. That the Central Government be requested to appoint a Board of experts and technical men to examine the Provincial schemes, to recommend to the Govt. of India the payment of necessary grants for these schemes from the Central revenues, to advise on and make arrangements for the preparation of literature and audio-visual aids for use throughout the country, particularly films, charts, maps, posters and gramophone records etc., to co-ordinate activities of the Provincial Governments in the field of Social Education, to receive periodical reports of the working of the scheme in different Provinces and to suggest legislation or other administrative action for mobilizing students, Government employees and refugees for furthering the scheme of Social Education, The Board should meet at least twice a year and visit provinces as and when necessary. The Board should have a whole-time Secretary.
8. That for furthering the schemes of Social Education, the Govt, of India should arrange to send Educationists, if possible, at least one from each State, to foreign countries experimenting with Social Education particularly the United Kingdom, the United States of America. Russia, China and Maxico.
9. That besides utilizing the services of students and teachers, an all out effort should be made to utilize the services of refugees and other Government employees who may be available or have been retrenched. and they should be specially trained for working out the scheme. The Board proposed above should suggest methods for utilizing all available personnel for social service.
10. That legislation for compelling employers to provide facilities for the education of their employees should include a provision to the effect that the cost incurred by the employers on the education of their employees may (subject to the approval of the Provincial Education Department) be admitted as legitimate charge on the expenses of establishment of the concern, for the purpose of assessment of income-tax.
11. That one Education Centre be started in each primary school and at least two such centres in each secondary school, and adequate remuneration be given to the teachers for this additional work.
12. That the scheme prepared by the Government of India for the education of persons in industrial and rural areas should be examined by the Board.
13. That research in the methods of teaching the adult be encouraged.
14. (a) That on the recommendations of the Provincial Education Department, special allotment of paper be made for writing,
publication of books, journals etc., for the purpose of social education.
(b) That the Provincial Governments be requested to provide increased. facilities for printing books and other literature connected with Social Education at the Government Press.
118
15. That the Provincial Governments be requested to encourage the preparation of literature for use by adult literates and other workers in Social Education.
16. The States be asked to fall in line with the Provinces in regard to preparing and implementing schemes of adult (social) Education.
REPORT OF THE MEETING OF THE PROVINCIAL OFFICERS-IN-CHARGE OF
SOCIAL EDUCATION HELD ON THE 25TH JULY 1949. In pursuance of the decision of the Provincial Ministers' Conference on Social Education held in New Delhi on the 19th and 20th February, 1949, a meeting of Provincial Officers-in-Charge of Social Education was held on the 25th of July, 1949. The following were present:-
1. Dr. Tara Chand, Secretary, Ministry of Education (In the Chair).
2. Shri Suresh Chandra Rajkhowa,
Director of Public Instruction.-Assam.
3. Shri Kameshwar Prashad,
Adult Education Officer.-Bihar.
4. Mr. K. G. Saiyidain,
Educational Adviser to the Bombay Govt.-Bombay.
5. Mr. D. S. Joshi, I.C.S.,
Secretary, Education Department.-Bombay.
6. Dr. V. S. Jha,
Secretary, Department of Education.-Central Provinces and Berar.
7. Mr. Devinder Lal,
Government Training College, Jullundur.-East Punjab.
8. Lt. Col. Abdul Hamid,
Joint Director of Public Instruction.-Madras.
9. Dr. I. R. Khan,
Deputy Secretary, Education Department.-Lucknow. (U.P.).
10. Mr. Brahm Sarup Saxena,
Education Expansion Officer.-Lucknow. (U.P.)
11. Dr. S. Dutt,
Director of Public Instruction.-West Bengal.
12. Mr. A. K. Chanda.
Additional Secretary, Education Department.-West Bengal.
The Ministry of Education was represented by the following officers :-
1. Mr. L. R. Sethi, Deputy Secretary, who acted as the Secretary of the meeting.
2. Dr. R. M. Halder, Assistant Education Adviser.
3. Mr. K. L. Joshi, Assistant Education Adviser.
4. S. Sohan Singh, Educational Officer.
5. Mr. D. P. Nayar, Officer on Special Duty, Social Education.
2. The agenda considered at the meeting is given in the Annexure III.
119
3. The Chairman explained the purpose for which the meeting had been called. He said that at the Education Ministers' Conference held on 19th and 20th February, it was decided that the scheme of Social Education drafted by the Ministry and placed before the Conference required reconsideration to bring its expenses within the available funds. It was necessary that the content of Social Education and its general set up should be as far as possible uniform in order to strengthen national unity. Such uniformity would bring about economy
also.
On the basis of principles agreed upon by the Conference the
approximate share of the Provinces will be as follow :-
Assam .. ... ... Rs. 4,00,000
Bihar ... ... ... Rs. 14,86,000
Bombay ... ... ... Rs. 10,36,000
C. P. and Berar ... ... ... Rs. 6,44,000
East Punjab ... ... ... Rs. 4,15,000
Madras ... ... ... Rs. 17,79,000
Orissa ... ... ... Rs. 3,23,000
U. P. ... ... ... Rs. 20,88,000
West Bengal ... ... ... Rs. 8,29,000
TOTAL ... Rs. 90,00,000
4. On the request of the Chairman each Provincial representative gave an account of Social Education work being done in his Province. After this the meeting took up consideration of the agenda item by item.
5. Item I.-Syllabus. Resolved that a sub-committee consisting of the following be appointed with powers to co-opt to prepare a handbook for teachers and social workers on the subject of teaching and treating of adults;
1. Mr. K. G. Saiyidain
Educational Adviser, Government of Bombay, Bombay.
2. Dr. V. S. Jha,
Secretary, Department of Education, Government of C.P. & Berar, Nagpur.
3. Dr. I. R. Khan,
Deputy Secretary, Education Department, Government of U.P., Lucknow.
4. Mr. K. L. Joshi,
Assistant Educational Adviser, Ministry of Education, New Delhi.
The Committee were of the opinion that the following topics among others may be profitably included in the proposed handbook.
1. Detailed syllabuses of subjects.
2. Talking points on the items included in the syllabus.
3. Sources of teaching material-books, journals, pamphlets, charts etc.
4. Methods of treating and teaching adults.
The meeting desired that the draft of the Handbook prepared by the subcommittee should be circulated to the Provinces by 15th September, 1949, and finalized by the end ox, that month.
120
6. Item 2-Period of Courses. It was decided that the course to be followed by the Social Education classes should be covered by 180 hours or ordinarily in 90 working days of two hours each, and that each centre should conduct three such courses in a year.
Whenever possible the Provinces should also conduct Social Education Camps.
The age group to be covered by the Social Education programme was fixed as 12-40.
7. Item 3.-Students-Teacher Ratio. The meeting reiterated the decision of Provincial Education Ministers' Conference to maintain the ratio of 30 adult students to a teacher in the Social Education Classes.
If a Social Education Centre was located in a school with two or more teachers the work may be divided among them..
8.Item 4.-Recruitment and Selection of Teachers. their
Emoluments and Training.It was decided that ordinarily Social Education Workers should be recruited from Primary, and in some cases Secondary, school teachers. But if suitable volunteers were forthcoming their services should be utilized.
The meeting felt it was not possible to lay down a hard and fast system of payment to Social Education teachers. Nevertheless the emoluments of teachers in different Provinces should not vary to an extent that would create wide difference in their per capita cost of Social Education Schemes.
The meeting considered that it was necessary that Social Education Workers, teachers or volunteers, should be trained in the work they were required to do. For this purpose it would be necessary for the Provinces to organise their training in three ways :
(i) Teaching of adults should form a compulsory part of the curriculum in all Teachers' Training Colleges or Normal Schools.
(ii) Short-term refresher courses in Social Education should be organised to train volunteers and teachers participating in Social Education field work.
(iii) Mobile units for training such workers should be sent to places where Social Education centres are located in numbers.
In this connection the method followed by the C. P. and Berar Government of choosing their volunteers from students well in advance and of giving them training during the course of the year was commended.
9. Item 5-Equipment for students and teachers. The meeting made the following observations on the point:-
(i) While it is desirable to provide mechanical aids for Social Education work they should, in view of their cost, be confined in the first year to only a small number of centres.
(ii) In respect of these aids the Provinces, while sending their schemes to the Government of India. should show separately their initial and maintenance cost.
(iii) The Provinces should examine the possibility of recovering some portion of maintenance cost of radio sets from the community benefited.
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(iv) In order to reduce the cost on purchase of equipment like petromax lamps, projectors, films, film- strips, gramophone and gramophone-records, the
Government of India should help by arranging bulk purchases.
(v) In the equipments of Social Education should be included charts, maps etc., and folk musical instruments.
10. Items 6-Organization and administrative set up. The Committee recommended that in each Province there should be a well organized machinery for execution and supervision of Social Education programme. They further recommended that at Provincial Headquarters there should be a senior Education Officer attached to the Director of Public Instruction and for every District Inspector, a special officer for Social Education. The other inspectoral agency should be as would ensure the visit of each Social Education Centre at least twice during the year.
11. Item 7-Post-literacy work. The meeting recommended that each Province should make adequate arrangements for the "follow-up" by the maintenance of libraries, travelling and otherwise.
12. Item 8-Literature. The meeting observed that every Province should try to produce suitable literature including bulletins or journals for neo-literates. It also recommended to Provinces to send copies of all literature published by them in this connection to the Government of India as well as to other Provinces.
The meeting recognized that suitably prepared charts were an effective means of maintaining and promoting literacy and Social Education and hence formed an essential part of literature for adults. It was decided that the Government of India should co-ordinate the work of production and distribution of charts and posters.
For this purpose it should collect posters prepared by Provincial Governments, various Ministers of the Government of India, UNESCO and other bodies, and recommended the use of suitable posters and charts to Provincial authorities. If necessary, Government of India should also engage artists to prepare attractive and suitable posters and print them in large numbers for distribution to the Provinces. 13. The Committee appointed for the preparation of Handbook for teachers, will also suggest the kinds of charts and maps which will be required.
The chairman requested the Provincial representatives to expedite the submission of their schemes to the Government of India. They agreed to do this within 10 days of the receipt of the minutes of the present meeting, so that the Government of India could expect all the schemes by the middle of August, it being understood that the Provinces would receive the minutes by the end of July.
14. Some members expressed a request that whenever the Government of India issue a communication to the Provinces three copies, if it were an ordinary letter, and six copies, if it were a circular letter, should be sent to them.
15. The meeting desired that the Government of India should collect necessary information for the Provinces on projectors, film strips, ratio sets and apediascopes.
Mr. Saiyidain and Mr. Chanda had collected some information in this respect, a reference may be made to them.
16. The meeting ended with a vote of thanks to the Chairman.
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ANNEXURE III
Agenda,
To consider:-
(1) Syllabus-(a) Literacy.
(b) General.
(c) Methods-audio-visual and others.
(2) Period of Course : Time-table of classes, age groups
of students.
(3) Teachers : student ratio, distribution of work among
teachers.
(4) Recruitment and selection of teachers, their
emoluments, training.
(5) Equipments for teachers and students.
(6) Organisation and Finance-Administrative set up, Central
Govt., Provinces, Division, District, Tehsil & Units.
(7) Post-literary work-libraries and reading rooms.
(8) Literature.