APPENDIX A (b)- SUPPLEMENTARY REPORTS ON SPECIFIC EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENTS.
A.-PROVINCES Bombay.
The question of improvement of Primary Education (including Basic Education), Secondary Education, Physical Education and Adult Education was discussed In two conferences which were held by the Government of Bombay in the months of June and July, 1946. The first conference was of members of the Provincial Boards of Primary, Secondary, Basic and Adult and Physical Education ; while the other conference was the All India Conference of Educational Ministers. The discussions in those two conferences have been of considerable help to Government in planing for the educational development in this Province.
2. So far as Secondary schools are concerned, even a coursory examination of our secondary schools will show that although there are some among them which win compare with the best in other countries the condition of the bulk of them is far from satisfactory. The short- comings under which the schools suffer are to a great extent due to financial reasons. Few of the secondary schools are richly or even moderately endowed so that they have to depend for their finance mainly on the fees collected, from pupils and on Government grant. The question of improving the system of grants-in-aid of Secondary Schools to enable Non-Government secondary schools to improve the scales of pay of their teachers and the conditions of their service was under the active consideration of Government during the year.
3. With a view to meeting the criticism that the curriculum in secondary schools is too literary in character, Government decided to open additional Technical and Agricultural High Schools under the Post War Reconstruction Programme in addition to such vocational High Schools already maintained by them. Accordingly Government took over the control of a private High School at Abhrama in Surat District and converted the school into an Agricultural High School from June 1946.
4. The Sub-Committee appointed Government in 1938 in this Province to deal with the question of the training teachers had recommended the establishment of institutions to be called Lokshalas which would be a new type of secondary schools intended to give general education of the Matriculation standard without English. With a view to implementing this recommendation Government opened during the year 1946-47 four Lokshalas at Nadiad for Gujarati boys; at Dhulia for Marathi boys; at Poona for Urdu boys; and at Bijapur for Kannad boys and also decided to open more Lokshalas in subsequent years under the Post War Reconstruction Programme.
5. Visual instruction in this Province was so far imparted to school children mainly by means of magic lanterns, and the Department has in its possession about 120 optical lanterns and some 650 sets of slides. The Cinema film, projector bought by the Department in 1937- 38 was found to be useful. It was, therefore, proposed to have more projectors for this purpose. 50 such projectors formerly used in connection with the village uplift Scheme were transferred to this Department and 18 more projectors and some 66 films were purchased during the year and put into circulation among the Government educational institutions supplied with projectors. Proposals were also under the consideration of Government for the reorganisation of visual education in the Province so that there may be a projection equipment provided in one central place in every Taluka of the Province ultimately and to place the whole organization in charge of a special Inspector of Visual Education in place of a existing Deputy Educational Inspector for Visual Instruction. The question of preparing a detailed scheme for this purpose under the Post War Reconstruction programme was also under the consideration of Government.
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U. P.
200 Basio Primary Schools for boys and an equal number of girls schools in rural areas were opened during 1946-47. The extension of primary education in rural areas by opening another 200 Basic Primary Schools for boys and introducing double shift system in the existing primary schools was also taken up. The compulsory primary education in urban areas was extended. A number of ordinary primary schools were converted into Basic Schools. 50 new Hindustani Middle Schools were opened in rural areas. Privision for grants to pre-basic schools and to libraries and reading rooms in rural areas was also made.
A new scheme of expansion of -primary education has been launched with effect from July 1947 with a view to make education universal. Under this scheme 23.50 now primary schools wore opened with effect from July 1947. Provision is also being made for the opening of a second batch of 4400 schools in July 1948. The intention is to open 22000 schools in the course of 10 years or less, as far as possible, providing a primary school to a population of every 2000. The entire cost of maintenance of the schools is being met by Government. A subsidy of Rs. 1,000 per school building is also being given supplemented by local efforts in the shape of free land and labour and also other monetary help required over and above the Government sub- sidy for a satisfactory school building.
A scheme of mobile Training Squads for the training of untrained teachers in the above newly opened schools has been put into operation with effect from September 1947.
With effect from July 1947 the remaining existing ordinary primary schools 7000 Boys and 963 Girls schools under District Boards, 270 Boy and 287 Girls schools under Municipal Boards are being converted into basic schools in the course of five years.
With effect from 1947-48 a building programme for constructing 100 buildings every year for five years for the such existing primary schools as do not possess suitable buildings has been launched.
A sum of Rs. 1,00,000 recurring has been provided in the budget of the current financial year for making grants to private Hindustani Middle Schools to be run oil proper lines.
30 new Government Normal Schools have been opened for training teachers in collection with the expansion of primary schools. The intention is to provide a Normal School in every district.
Secondary and Higher Education.-The details for the reorganization of secondary education which it is proposed to introduce from July 1948 are being worked out by a Special Officer appointed for the purpose.
The distinction between Hindustani and Anglo-Hindustani Schools has been abolished. The teaching of English is being discontinued in classes III, IV, V and will be only optional after that.
In order to equip the Anglo-Hindustani institutions to equip themselves for the re-organized secondary education a provision of Rupees five lakhs has been made in the 1947-48 budget and another rupees ten lakhs are being provided in the budget for 1948-49.
With effect from July 1, 1947 revised mandatory scales of pay shown in the attached letters, have been prescribed for all teachers, including the heads, of aided Anglo-Hindustani institutions.
A committee to devise means for the better management of aided Anglo-Hindustani institutions has been appointed. It has finished its work and the report is awaited. A Universities Grants Committee for exercising a general supervision over grant allocation to Universities has also been appointed. Another committee for the promotion and encouragement of Scientific research in Universities has been appointed.
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To meet the demand for trained undergraduate teachers a Government Training College for men was started in 1946-47 at Banaras and another from July 1947 at Bareilly.
A committee to make proposals for the overhauling and improvement of Women's Education was also appointed. The Committee has submitted its report and its recommendations are under examination. According to one of its recommendations it is proposed to open a new college of Home Economics for girls at Allahabad from July 1948.
Other special measures.-A committee for reorganization of Persian and Arabic studies has been appointed. It has hold a number of meetings and hopes to finish its work by the end of March 1948.
A sum of Rs. 50,000 recurring has been provided for encouraging, Hindustani literature and Science and those whose services to these departments are outstanding.
A scheme for the training of the youth in Social service has boon inaugurated. The first camp will commence its training in January 1948.
A committee to draw up detailed plan for the introduction of Military Training in educational institutions has been appointed. It has submitted an interim report. According to this report it is proposed to introduce Military Training in 1948-49 in Intermediate classes in the districts of Lucknow, Allahabad, Kanpur, Banaras Agra, Aligarh, Meerut and Bareilly.
Provision for the establishment of an Archaeological department has boon made in the current years budget.
A committee for re-organizing museums in the province has also been appointed.
With effect from July 1947 the Supervisory staff of the Education Department has been re-organized. The designation of the Director of Public Instruction has been changed to Director of Education. According to this the posts of divisional Inspectors of schools and Assistant Inspectors of schools have been abolished. The whole province has been divided into five regions each under an officer of the Provincial Educational Service (Senior scale) to be called the Deputy Director of Education. He has one Deputy Inspector of schools of the subordinate educational service to advise on Maktabs and other Muslim schools in the region. In each district there is a District Inspector of schools of the Provincial Educational Service responsible for controlling both Anglo-Hindustani and Hindustani education for boys. He has under him the Deputy and Sub-Deputy Inspector of schools incharge of Hindustani education, the headmasters of High and Normal schools and the Principal of Inter mediate Colleges for boys. He is also in, general charge of girl, education in the, district. On the Women's side the offices of the Circle Inspectress of Girls schools have been abolished and an Inspectress of Girls schools of the Provincial Educational Service has been put in charge in each of the five regions. She is Under the direct control of the Director of Education and has under her in each district Assistant Inspectress of Girls schools of the Subordinate Educational Service and the heads of Anglo-Hindustani and Hindustani institutions for girls including the Girls Normal Schools.
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B.-CENTRALLY ADMINISTERED AREAS coorg
The increase in the total number of school going population from 16,578 during 1945-46 to 17,916 during 1946-47 is a striking feature. The number of High School having recently increased, the total number of students in High Schools has increased to 2913 compared with 2488 during the previous year. The total number of girl scholars receiving general education was 6495. The percentage of scholars to popula-. tion during 1946-47 was 10.8 as against 9.9 in the previous year. Under the post. war scheme it has been proposed to introduce compulsory education in some of the backward villages in North Coorg. Receiving sets have been installed in the Central High School, Mercara. But as no regular and proper arrangements have been made for educational broadcasts in Kannada languages the students have not derived any special benefit apart from recreation.
C.-INDIAN STATES Jaipur
The policy of expansion of primary education in the State is continuing. In addition to opening a number of primary schools in the districts, Government have started 37 primary schools in the city since September, 1947, in order to prepare the ground for enforcement, of Compulsion in at least two selected municipal wards of the city from July, 1948. 14 more primary schools are to be opened in the city before July, 1948. Mysore
Increased attention was paid to Nursery Education as part of the post-war Development plan. Six now Nursery Schools were established during the year. The policy of Government is to encourage the growth of privately managed Nursery Schools and with this end in view, Government have liberalized the rules of grant-in-aid. A sum of Rs. 20,000 per annum has been made as additional grant-in-aid. A curriculum for Nursery Schools with lists of necessary equipment has been prepared and steps are being taken to publish a handbook of instructions for the guidance of Nursery School teachers. A training section for training teachers in the technique of teaching of the Handicapped has been sanctioned as an adjunct to the existing school A Mysore.
N.B.- Information received upto 13th May, 1948, has been included in this memorandum.