 APPENDIX B (b)-
MEMORANDUM ON THE FURTHER
 ACTION TAKEN BY THE PROVINCIAL
 GOVERNMENTS ON THE
 POST-WAR EDUCATIONAL
 DEVELOPMENT REPORT

In this memorandum it is proposed to state briefly what educational schemes from their Five-Year Plans have been implemented by seven Provinces viz, West Bengal, Bihar, Bomaby, Central Provinces Madras, Orissa and United Provinces, during 1946-47, the Progress from which now been received by this Ministry. An Indication will also be given regarding the Development Programme for 1947-48 of the Provinces and of the Centrally Administered Areas.

Assam

As the Progress Report from Assam has not yet been received, it is not possible to say what schemes were implemented by the Province during 1946-47.

The important item of 1947-48 programme is to expand education in the excluded areas by opening 50 Primary Schools. This will be continued even in the years following. the Government intend to take over primary Education from the Mis-

* Also dealt with, in a separate item of Central Advisory Board of Education agenda.

sionary Bodies. Impetus will be given to maw literacy by starting new Adult Education Centres, Village Libraries and Study Circles. It is also intended to improve and expand the two existing Technical Schools.

West Bengal

The Progress Report of Bengal for 1946-47 shows that additional staff was appointed in the Bengal Engineering College, Sibpur and College of Engineering and Technology, Jadavpur. It is noted that the salaries of the trained and untrained matriculate and trained non- matriculate teachers have been increased and an extra sum of Rs. 11 lakhs has been spent on this item. Regarding the untrained non matriculated it was first decided that the salaries of those teachers only, who could pass a selected intelligence test, would be increased. But this intention could not be put to practice for various reasons. The Government, however, propose to hold the Intelligence Test sometimes this year and dispense with the services of those teachers who are not successful. In the meantime they have decided to pay in- creased salaries to all untrained non-matriculate teachers and this proposal has been approved by the Development Board.

Preliminary steps were taken to trair teachers for training institutions and primary schools. Some of the candidates were sent abroad for the purpose.

The Government of West Bengal are being requested to prepare a new Five Year Development Plan for the Province.

In the 1947-48 Programme approved by the Development Board in May, 1947 there is only one scheme which pertains to West Bengal, namely, Development of the Bengal Engineering College. Other schemes which Concern both parts of Bengal relate to Training of Teachers, strengthening of Inspectorate Staff, expansion of Adult Education, and opening of Nursery Schools and Classes, Colleges for Women and Technical High Schools.

Bihar

Two Basic Training Schools in the Brindaban and Bikram areas were started in 1946-47. A practising Basic School was also opened in the Bikram area. The Patna Training School was expanded. As regards High School Education, ninth class was opened in the Kumarbagh post-basic High School.

Substantial progress was-made in University Education. In the Patna College B.A. (Pass) and M. A. classes in Political Science and B.A. (Pass and Hons.) classe in Experimental Psychology were opened. Experimental psychology was introduced in B. A. and T. A. Classes in the Greer Bhumihar Brahman College, Muza ffarpur. Arrangements were made to convert the existing Government College for Women into a first grade College.

Under Bihar Government's scheme of Technical Education 19 candidates were sent abroad last year to receive technical training. Construction work was started for extension of Sachchidanand Sinha Library.

During the year 1947-48, the Bihar Government propose to open experiments pre-basic schools, improve the salaries of teachers in Middle Schools, High School and College and to improve the buildings for non-Government Middle Schools. They are also subsidising a Scheme for Nutrition and Mid-day Lunch under which over two lakhs children in schools will be fed. it will cost the Government Rs. 6,00,000 annually. A Degree College will be opened at Ranchi and several libraries will be started throughout the Province. Provision is also made for Adult Education. Regarding technical education, the Bihar Government intend to establish a Mechanical and Electrical College of Engineering in Sindri. There are a number of schemes for granting scholarships to aboriginal, scheduled caste and back-ward Muslim students and for building hostels for them.

Bombay

The Government of Bombay, in Consultation with members of the public have revised their Five-Year Plan.

During the year 1946-47 six sample talukas were selected for concentrated development and in 108 villages, chosen from these talukas, each with a population of 1500 and over, free and compulsory primary education was introduced among children of 6-7. The Government were to bear the additional cost incurred.

The scheme was submitted for approval to the Development Board of the Government of India, but approval was with held till more detailed information regarding the scheme was forthcoming. According to the Primary, Education Act passed by the Government in 1947 about 96 per cent of the total expenditure incurred on Compulsory Primary Education will be borne by them .

New Schools were opened in 50 villages with a population of 400 and over. A private school was converted into an Agricultural High School and a District Local Board School was converted into an Agricultural Primary school.

Four Lokashalas were opened. The final examination in a Lokashala corresponds to the Matric. Examination minus English and a student who passes this examination can also be admitted to a Training College for Primary School teachers.

Three Training Colleges for male teachers for primary. Schools were opened during the year.

The College of Engineering, Poona was expanded and the total number of admissions both to the degree as well as to the diploma classes was increased from 100 to 150.

Scheme regarding training of Electricians and Technical Personnel for Bombay Electric Grid at the Victoria Jubilee Technical Institute, Bombay, made further .PA progress during the year. Construction of buildings were extended and the total number of students admitted between 1944-46 was 106. 33 students went abroad for training in higher technical and scientific subjects.

The Government have now revised their scheme of Compulsory Primary Education as shown in their Programme of 1947-48.

Instead of introducing compulsion only in selected areas it is now proposed to introduce it throughout the Province first among children of 6-11. This may be completed within a period of 12 years. Only then the question of extending compulsion to children of 11 to 14 will be taken up. Thus the Bombay Government wish to introduce compulsory education from one age group to another -a principle which according to the C. A. B. of E. is both inefficient and wasteful. The Board have definitely laid down that if a universal compulsory system of basic education had to be introduced only by stages, the progression should early be from area to area and not from age to age.

The argument advanced by the Government of Bombay for deviating in this important aspect from the C. A. B. of E's. Report is that if only a few areas are selected for compulsion upto Standards VIII year by year, there will be strong criticism from the other areas which have not been chosen for the purpose.

Another important deviation of the Bombay - Government's Scheme of Compulsory Primary Education from the recommendation of the C.A.B. of E. is that the Junior Basic Course will consist of only four instead of five years.

The Government of Bombay have introduced Agriculture, Spinning and Weaving in Basic Schools as well as in Training institutions.

It is proposed to start four more Lokashalas during 1947-48.

Other schemes in the programme include the opening of an Engineering College, starting of Regional Universities and establishment and reorganization of certain Technical Institutes, introduction of visual Aids in Education, expansion of Adult Education, grants to institutions conducting Social Services, advancement of Fine Arts and Culture and amelioration of backward classes.

C. P. & Berar

There was an all-round development in these Provinces during 1046-47. Ten Normal schools eight for men and two for women were opened during the year and teachers for crafts were appointed in most of the Normal Schools and Training Colleges. Special courses were introduced in the Spence Training College, Jubbulpore for selected B. T. students to specialise in the ideology and practice of Basic Education so that they may be on the staff of training schools after completing their studies, Eight-teachers were sent to Sevagram Wardha, for an intensive training in Basic Education. As for training of teachers for Secondary Schools, three Institutes, two for men and one for women, were opened. These were to train Matriculates with some teaching experience for Diploma in Education of the Provincial Uni- versities.

In order to encourage girls to take up teaching as a profession especially in Primary and Indian Middle Schools, 300 stipends of Rs. 10 p.m. were awarded to girls studying -in Middle. Schools and 50 stipends of Rs. 15 p.m. each, to those in High Schools. The girls were also-exempted from the payment of fees. It is understood that they would join the teaching profession after completion of their education. This scheme is to be continued during the following years.

The Government also took over 56 Indian Middle Schools in the Province and converted them into Senior Basic Schools. These schools were to be centres for compulsory basic and Adult Education and would serve as Demonstration Centre for syllabus in order to give a lead to other village schools in the tahsil.

Ten High Schools--five for girls and five for boys -were opened and one government Indian English Middle School for girls was raised to the status of a High School.

Six Agriculture laboratories one in ar Indian Middle School and five in High Schools were also under construction and four of these have now started functioning.

Salaries of Primary school teachers usually from Rs. 10 p.m. to Rs. 25 p.m. were increased and now no teacher employed by the local bodies gets less than Rs. 30 p.m. as basic salary and Rs. 11 p.m. as dearness allowance.

It may be noted that like the Bombay Government the C. P. Government have also reduced the Junior Basic Course from five to four years.

The Government of C. P. have revised their Five Years Plan which is at pre sent under the scrutiny of the Development Board of the Government of India. And innovation in the Plan is the introduction of compulsory Military Education in High Schools. Medical Inspection, Nutrition and general Welfare of students are also included in this scheme which will be linked up with the compulsory Military Train-ing at the University. The Provincial Headquarters will direct and control the Military Training in the whole Province through the Divisional and District Units. The training consists of (1) Physical Training, (2) Games and Atheletics and (3) Elementary- Military Training to be imparted by Physical Training Instructors, Games Masters and Army Training. Instructors, respectively. Annual Camps of exercise will be held for training Instructors and student leaders who will do specialised Cadre Courses. A provision of nearly Rs. 43 lakhs has been made for the purpose for the quinquennium. In addition, a grant of Rs. 3,50,000 will be made to the Nagpur university during the quinquennium towards the cost of Military Training which will be compulsory for all boys studying for a degree. A part of this money will be spent on constructing armouries and other buildings at Nagpur and Amraoti.

An officer incharge of Military Education was appointed last year and the scheme as described above will be implemented from this year onwards. Madras

During the year 1946-47, building schemes in connection with Queen Mary College, Kombakonam Government College and Government Secondary and

ing School for Women at Erode were nearly completed ; construction work in Loyala College was in progress and detailed plans and estimates were prepared for construction of a building for Government College, Anantpur. By 31st December 1946 168,828 out of 40,00,000 illiterate children were brought under compulsion. Madras, like Bombay, has, decided to introduce compulsion from one age group to another and not from area to area.

Provision was also made for training 400 Primary School teachers. The minimum qualifications of candidates for admission to Training Institutions were, however lowered to increase the number of trained teachers. Not only Matriculates and holders of School Final Certificates but also candidates, inelegible for University courses but eligible for admission to the examination for clerical posts held by the Madras Public Service Commission were admitted to the secondary grade course of training. It was also decided that women and candidates from backward districts and scheduled classes, who had failed in the Secondary School Leaving Certificate Examination in only one subject other than the regional language or English by not more than five marks, were to be admitted to the same course during the year 1947-48. During 1946-47 the two years' course for secondary grade training was reduced to one year as an emergency measure.

The scheme of mid-day meals for poor children in Primary School, was discontinued from 1st April, 1947 owing to financial deficiency.

The Government of Madra's in their 1947-48 programme, have included a numbar of schemes relating to the establishment or improvement of Engineering Colleges a and other technical institutions. It is also prooposed to introduce the B. Sc. course in the Muslim College, Madras. The programme also includes the opening of a new college for Muslim women at Madras and a building for a Training School for Muslim women at Shevapet.

Orissa

There was an all-round expansion of education in Orissa during 1946-47. Grants to the extent of over Rs. 3,25,000 were made to Primary and Middle English Schools, High Schools and Colleges for the improvements of their buildings and equipment. Several buildings for Training Schools were started.

Admissions to the first year classes in the Secondary Training Schools at Cuttack and Berhampur were extended. It As, however, found that the- required number of candidates having requisite qualifications were not forthcoming to join the institutions. It was intended to depute twelve candidates for training in the Institute of Physical Education, Madras and Lucknow but as the scales of pay for Physical instructors were not attractive, only eight candidates joined. Twelve students were sent abroad for training in versions subjects including educational method The Government improved the salaried of Primary School teachers.

An expenditure of Rs. 38,311 was incurred by way of subsidies to school for mid-day refreshment pupils. 100 Primary Schools were started in partially excluded areas. Rs.41,000 were spent to provide more scholarships and supply books free to Scheduled Caste, Backward and Hill Tribe students.

As for University Education, third year B. Sc. class in zoology and post-graduate Classes in Oriya and Economics were opened in the Ravensha college (Cuttac) and third year B. A. classes were opened in Degree College for Women, Cuttack). The first batch of candidates, who had passed out from the Orissa School of Engineering were deputed to the P. W. D. for practical training. 31 stipends were also awarded during 1946-47 for higher training in technical subjects in India.

Among other schemes, the 1047-48 Programme of Orissa consists of introducing free and compulsory education during the first quinquennium, in all Municipalities and in selected areas in each thana, chiefly round the village Welfare Centres. The scheme will bring 24,000 children to school in a year, beginning with the third year. A secondary Training school for Women is to be opened in the Province. Elementary

Training Schools for Women are to be opened at Brehampur and Sambal- pur. Other schemes for the year include opening of Ashram Schools for Hill Tribe award of Research and Post-graduate scholarships and expansion of visual aids Education.

East Punjab

The Progress Report for 1946-47 from this Province has Dot yet been received.

As regards the 1947-48 Programme the East Punjab Government have opened a Girls' Vernacular Middle School with optional Engilish classes at Narangwal District Ludhiana. It is also proposed to pay additional grants to District Local Boards to open additional girls' Primary Schools in rural areas. Stipends of Rs. 15 per month are also to be paid to every trainee in the existing Government training Insti- tutions in the J. V. Classes. Other schemes pertain to the payment of a Special grant to Local Bodies for schools in areas with strong military services, further education of ex-service personnel and building of a new block for the Government College Ludhiana.

U. P.

During 1946-47 the Government of the United Provinces spent about Rs. 1,25,000 on buildings for educational institutions. Improvements were made in the buildings of Government Training College and Training College for Women, Allahabad Additional accomodation was provided in the men's hostel and a hostel for women students was started at the Government Training College, Allahabad. Some progress was also made with the construction of buildings for Girl's Normal School at Umao.

The Government High School at Lansdowne was provided with a Science Block and a start was made to provide a hall and office to the school building,

Carpentary and Weaving classes were introduced in the Garhwal Polytechnic Institute, Srignagar.

In their 1947-48 programme the United Provinces Covernment wish to convert the existing Local Board and Municipal Primary Schools for boy and girls into Basic Schools and to extend Primary Education in urban areas.

More Normal Schools are to be opened and model schools are to be attached to the newly started Normal Schools.

Another noteworthy item is that the United Provinces Government have agreed to introduce a three year graduate course, by abolishing the existing inter Classes and by adding XIth Class in High Schools as soon as finances permit. This is the recommendation of the C. A. B. of E.

Ajmer-Merwara

For various reasons no Post War Development Scheme could be started last year in the Province of Ajmer-Merwara. A provision, however of Rs. 4,75 lakhs has been made in the current year's budget for implementing a number of schemes.

One item is to construct fifteen school buildings to introduce compulsory Junior Basic Education for the age group 6-11 in selected areas next year.

mary Education, a beginning is to be made in the Habbale area. Stipends to the defective children will also be given.

Delhi

The Five-Year Development Plan for Delhi was approved by the Development Board last year and so far preliminary stops have been taken to strengthen the administrative staff at the headquarters of the Education Department.

As regards 1947-48, provision has been made to the extent of Rs. 8,00,000 in the current year budget for implementing schemes relating to the establishment of two Training Schools, a scheme for the Deaf and Dumb and an Adult Education Institute, grant of scholarships to needy children in elementary classes, strengthening of the administrative staff, enforcement of compulsory Primary Education and the Provincialisation of schools maintained by Local Bodies.

2. A review of this Memorandum shows that certain Provinces are deviating in some, important respects from the scheme of Basic Education recommended by the Board. Several Provinces are reluctant to introduce compulsion for children of 6-14 from area to area and to prescribe Junior Basic Education course of five years, These are points worth being discussed by the Board.

APPENDIX B (b)- MEMORANDUM ON THE FURTHER ACTION TAKEN BY THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENTS ON THE POST-WAR EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT REPORT