(b) For College teachers:-Lecturer, Demonstrator and Tutor with such variants or additions as senior or Junior Tutor, senior or junior Lecturer.

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(iv) While the above represents the objective which should be aimed at, it is probable that it can only be achieved progressively. The following additional recommendations are accordingly submitted: -

(a) That in the transitional period the designation 'Professor' should in no case be given to persons unless:-

(i) they occupy a University Chair; or

(ii) (in the case of a college teacher) they are of outstanding merit and scholarship and are entrusted with the responsibility of organising and conducting teaching work in a subject to the standard of an Honours, or Post-graduate degree (a Board jointly representing Government and University could and should during the transitional period be empowered to decide who are entitled to the status of Professor as above defined).

(b) That Universities should not henceforward recognise the title of Professor except in the case of persons above described but in the case of present incumbents this principle would have to be applied with a good deal of elasticity and its application should be left to the discretion of the University Authorities themselves.

(v) There are certain institutions which have a quasi- University status, e.g., the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore. The principle above suggested ought to apply to them as though they were universities. If any dispute arises as to the status of any particular institution, it should be determined by the Government concerned, whose decision should be final.

10. Item IX.-The Board had before them the summary of the information supplied by the Universities in India as to the facilities offered by them to students of British Universities who had returned to India on account of the war without finishing their studies. The Board noted with appreciation the, prompt action taken by all the Indian Universities in the interest of these students. It was decided that, (i) the concessions which the Indian Universities had given to students of British Universities who were compelled to return to India in 1940 on account of the uncertain European situation should be brought to the notice of the British Universities, (ii) the High Commissioner for India should be warned that there would probably be a rush of Indian students to British Universities soon after the war, and that Indian Universities as well as Indian public opinion would expect British Universities, in their turn, to make special arrangements to meet the needs of these students on lines similar to those followed by Indian Universities in the case of students returning from England. It was decided to call the attention of the Inter-University Board to this aspect of the matter.

11. Item XI.-The Board agreed as to the importance of taking steps to ensure that school buildings should be designed in future with closer attention to modern scientific standards in regard to accommodation, lighting, sanitation and ventilation and with due regard to economy. The Board were aware that a certain amount of experimental work has already been done in this sphere in different parts of India but decided that in order to collate the results of these experiments and make them available

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for the authorities concerned as well as to consider problems which have not yet been tackled, it would be desirable to appoint a Committee consisting of the Provincial Directors of Public Instruction or their nominees, and representatives of some of the larger States in India, with the Education

Commissioner with the Government of India as its Chairman, to go into the question and to submit a report. This Committee will have power to co-opt and/or consult such experts as they may think desirable.

12. Item XII-The Board considered the memorandum submitted on behalf of the Central Advisory Board of Health as the outcome of the discussion at its third meeting held ill Poona in July 1940. The Board noted with satisfaction that their Chairman, who is also Chairman of the Central Advisory Board of Health, proposed to appoint a Joint Committee to consider the steps which might be taken to improve the physical condition of school children. The Board decided to leave to the Chairman the selection of the educationists to serve on the proposed Joint committee.

The Board felt that pending the report of the Committee a considerable advance might be made if the courses for teachers in training colleges and schools were expanded to include training in practical hygiene.

13. Item XIII. -The Board noted that the Inter-University Board would consider the question of the excision of undesirable passages from text-books prescribed for University studies at its meeting to be held at Trivandrum on the 15th and 16th January 1941. Consideration of this item was accordingly postponed until the next meeting.

14. Item XIV.-The Board agreed to commend to the attention of Provincial Governments the need for arranging specific instruction in schools on the subject of 'kindness to animals'.

15. Item XV.-The Board felt that the question of adopting a 'Uniform Braille Code' in the schools for the blind in India is a matter which calls for expert advice. It accordingly asked the Educational Commissioner with the Government of India to appoint a small committee of experts to go into the question and prepare a report for the Board at its next meeting,

16. Item XVI.-The Right Honourable Sir Akbar Hydari on behalf of H. E. H. the Nizam's Government invited the Board to bold its next meeting in Hyderabad-Deccan. The invitation was accepted with gratitude. The date of the meeting was left for the Chairman to decide.

17. Item XVII.-The Board asked Dr. Sir Zia-ud-Din Ahmad to submit a memorandum stating specifically the issues which in his opinion should be referred to the Committee he had in mind.

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APPENDIX I(a).

MEMORANDUM ON ITEM II OF THE AGENDA PLACED BEFORE THE CENTRAL ADVISORY BOARD OF EDUCATION.

Views of the Provincial Governments on the recommendations made by the Adult Education Committee of the Board, 1939.

At their meeting held in May 1940, the Central Advisory Board of Education considered the report of their Adult Education Committee. They adopted all the recommendations of the Committee except Nos. 5, 10, 12, 13, 19, 21, 22, 24 and 25 with regard to which they expressed their own views which are given in the Proceedings of that meeting and also in the preface to the Committee's report. They also decided that a copy of the report together with their decisions on it, should be forwarded to the Provincial Governments for consideration and such action as they might consider necessary. This was done and the Provincial Governments were asked to submit their views on the various issues raised in the report. The information received from them is submitted herewith to the Central Advisory Board of Education.

Madras.-The Provincial Government have stated that in view of their limited finances it is not possible for them to organise directly or to aid any scheme of adult education for the whole Presidency. The general position is as explained in the note for item 4 of the agenda.

Bombay.-The Provincial Government have no remarks to offer on the Committee's recommendations as the general question of adult education is under their consideration, but they have forwarded the remarks of their Director of Public Instruction which are given below:-

Recommendation No. 1.-(Provision of facilities for adult education on the widest scale anti the introduction of a free and compulsory system of primary education). It is not the non- recognition of the urgency of these measures but the paucity of funds that has stood in the way of expansion of adult or primary education on a country-wide basis. The Committee rightly point out that whatever may be achieved by the adult education movement the earth, establishment of a compulsory system of primary education is the only effective and permanent solution of the problem illiteracy. In this province this has been the general policy adopted.

Recommendation No. 2-(Immediate attention to the problem of the removal of illiteracy). Agrees that main efforts should be concentrated for the time being on literacy.

Recommendation No.3.-(Literacy a means to further education and not an end in itself). The, question of providing special facilities for those made literate and to keep them in touch with reading and writing is under the consideration of Government.

Recommendation No. 4-(Persuation and pressure on illiterates). So far a purely voluntary system of adult education has been adopted in the province. Pressure on adults is neither possible nor practicable. Any such move would do more harm than good.

Recommendation No. 5.-Agrees with the Board that it is premature, at the present moment, to appoint a central committee to co-ordinate efforts in various provinces.

Recommendation No. 6.-(Instruction intelligible and interesting and closely related to occupation). Entirely agrees. The present position is

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that some of the adults dislike being treated as children and being made to read lessons on topics meant only for little children.

Recommendation No. 7.-(Easiest way of approach through subjects of vocational character). Agrees.

Recommendation No. 8.-(Boys under the age of 12 and those attending day schools not to attend adult centres; separate classes for boys between 12 and 16, no restrictions for girls). Agrees with the Committee so far as boys are concerned but does not agree that no such distinction should be observed in the case of girls.

Recommendation No. 9.-(Every encouragement to voluntary agencies). Efforts are being made in the province to secure the help of voluntary agencies and it is proposed to start District Associations for Adult Education. Agrees with the Committee that safeguards will have to be laid down to prevent such agencies indulging in political and religious propaganda.

Recommendation Nos. 10, 12 and 13.-It is doubtful whether it would be possible or advisable to make social service obligatory on all university students and high school pupils.

Recommendation No. 11-(Extension in the number and scope of institutions providing technical, commercial and art instruction and inclusion of subjects of a cultural or recreational kind in the curricula). Agrees and suggests that the attention of the Committee of Direction for Technical Education should be drawn to this recommendation.

Recommendation No. 14.-(Use of mechanical aid to learning such as the radio, the cinema, the gramophone and the magic lantern). The recommendation is excellent but main difficulty will arise in regard to finance. The Committee seem to forget that most of our adult education classes are in villages and it is difficult to make use of such elaborate apparatus for all such classes. The Government have, however, at present a scheme of village publicity by means of cinema outfits and when that scheme materialises it may be possible to make use of the cinema to some extent.

Recommendation Nos. 15 and 16.-(Teachers and training). Agrees with the recommendation that steps should be taken, so far as possible, to have short-term training courses for such teachers and that care must be taken to select teachers of the right temperament.

Recommendation No. 17.-(Inspectors and Organisers for adult education work). The appointment of whole time inspectors and organisers for such classes is certainly desirable. The appointment of a whole-time Special Literacy Officer has helped the local Bombay City Committee in organising and carrying on the work of adult literacy. For the rest of the province separate arrangements do not exist.

Recommendation No. 18.-(Paid workers). Agrees with the recommendation. The experience in the province is that unless reasonable remuneration is given to people undertaking adult education work, the classes are not likely to flourish.

Recommendation No. 19.-(Libraries in rural areas). The provision of libraries and the preparation of suitable literature is under the consideration of Government.

Recommendation No. 20.-No special remarks are called for.

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Recommendation No. 21.-The suggestion regarding the levy of a tax on employers of labour is a question of general policy. For the present not much difficulty is experienced if large employers of labour are approached for help.

Recommendation No. 22.-(Government Departments to see that their staffs are literate). Agrees with the Central Advisory Board of Education). that it is difficult to enforce the recommendation of the Committee.

Recommendation No. 23.-(Authority responsible for adult education). Agrees that the Education Department should be the controlling authority. The general policy adopted in the province has been to pay grants only through the Education Department.

Recommendation No. 24.-No remarks.

Recommendation No. 25.-(Establishment of a Bureau to collect and distribute information). It is premature at the present moment to consider the question of establishing a Central Bureau for collecting and publishing information. The Provincial Board for Adult Education can Undertake this work.

Recommendation No. 26.-The question of amending the census returns of literacy is under the consideration of Government.

United Provinces. Recommendation Nos. 1 and 2.-The Government are already providing facilities for adult education and for the introduction, of compulsory primary education so far as funds of the province permit.

Recommendation No. 3.-In this province great stress is laid on propaganda to combat illiteracy and the following means have been adopted in this direction:-

(i) Observance of the literacy day once a year.

(ii) Publication of the literacy posters and handbooks.

(iii) Meetings on-the market days in the rural areas by the adult school and vernacular school teachers to create a desire in the villages to become literate.

(iv) Publicity of the work done tinder the Education Expansion, scheme.

Recommendation No. 4.-At present the attendance in the adult schools. is wholly voluntary. The people who get bonus and teachers especially appointed for this work persuade illiterates to undergo instruction but they come across tremendous difficulties. Few villagers are enthusiastic to, become literate and most of those who do Attend the adult schools do so reluctantly under moral persuation. In a couple of years when all those, who are willing to become literate voluntarily, have been made literate, the necessity of some pressure on unwilling illiterates to undergo instruction, may arise. The ways and means to achieve the object would then be. explored.

Recommendation No. 5.-No remarks.

Recommendation No. 6.-The curriculum of the adult schools and the form in which instruction is at present given is intelligible and interesting to the students. The Provincial Adult Education Committee, however, recently appointed s sub-committee of educationists to recast the curriculum. This curriculum is under consideration and it will be adopted next year. The new curriculum is more closely related to the occupation and

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personal interests of the pupil and to the social and economic conditions under which he lives.

Recommendation No. 7.-The new curriculum has kept in view the suggestion that the easiest way of approach to many adult students may be through subjects of a vocational character. It is expected that after the curriculum has been introduced and its results have been observed, the, Education Department would be in a position to develop the technique of imparting literacy through vocational training.

Recommendation No. 8.-(a) In the adult schools the lower age limit for admission is 11, which is only a year less than that recommended by the Committee.

(b) No boy who is in a day school is allowed to join an adult school.

(c) The boys under 16 are taught in separate classes and are not allowed to attend the classes for the adults. In the case of girls no rigid restriction about age are observed but few women come forward to take advantage of these facilities.

Recommendation No. 9-Support of voluntary agencies is being enlisted in running the scheme of adult education. The Co-operative and Jail Departments are also co-operating in the work of adult education.

Recommendation Nos. 10, 12 and 13.-No remarks.

Recommendation No. 11.-The question of an extension in the number and scope of institutions providing technical, commercial and art instruction is being considered by the Provincial Government.

Recommendation No. 14.-A scheme of visual education is under consideration.

Recommendation No. 15.-A scheme for training teachers for adult Schools is under consideration of the Provincial Adult Education Committee,

Recommendation No. 16.-A large number of the workers in this province are the village school teachers who take up adult education in their spare time. They are already trained. Steps are being taken to include the technique of teaching adults in the Normal Schools so that the village school teachers may do this work more efficiently.

Recommendation No. 17.-The question of appointment of inspectors and organisers to supervise the work in connection with the campaign against illiteracy will be considered if and when funds permit.

Recommendation No. 18.-This Province has not depended on unpaid service for the work in connection with Adult Education.

Recommendation No. 19-This Government has already opened a large number of libraries and reading rooms and has also supplied free of cost text books to the pupils.

Recommendation No. 20.-A special scheme for the expansion of facilities for adult education among women has been prepared and it is hoped to bring it into operation in the near future.

Recommendation No. 21.-So far the work has been confined to villages. Attempt was, however, made to secure the co-operation of the factories and mills for making the labourers employed therein literate but its response has not been encouraging. Government have however started Social Welfare Centres, etc., in important industrial towns where adult schools have been started.