OUTLAYS AND TARGETS
Outlays 26. In the light of these priorities, the needs of education in various sectors were examined. The sum total of various proposals, which came up before the Steering Committee, was about Rs. 1615 crores. In the light of various suggestions made by the Steering Committee and keeping in view the constraint of resources, the original proposals were revised and the outlays which now emerge, are Rs. 1300 crores. Their break-up is indicated in Table 4. The outlays proposed in the Draft Outline have also been shown in the Table 4 for ready comparison.
TABLE 4
Outlays in the Fourth Five year Plan
(Rs. in crores)
Draft Percent- Proposals Percent- Recom- Percent-
Sub-head Outline age before age menda- age
the Steer- tions of
ing Com- the Steer-
mittee Committee
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Elementary Education 322.00 26.6 469.00 29.0 330.00 25.4
Secondary Education 243.00 20.1 217.00 13.4 201.00* 15.5
University Education 175.00 14.5 298.00 18.5 255.00* 19.6
Teacher Education 92.00 7.6 145.00 9.0 120.00* 9.2
Social Education 64.00 5.3 45.00 2.8 40.00 3.1
Cultural Programmes 15.00 1.2 21.00 1.3 20.00 1.5
Physical Education 10.50 0.9 61.00 3.8 30.00 2.3
Languages Book Pro-
duction 17.50 1.4 75.00 4.8 50.00 3.8
Educational Adminis-
tration 10.00 0.8 25.00 1.6 22.00 1.7
N.C.E.R.&T. 4.50 0.4 26.00 1.6 10.00 0.8
Vocationalisation of
Education .. .. 15.00 0.9 4.00 0.3
Other Schemes 3.50 0.3 10.00 0.6 5.00 0.4
Technical Education 253.00 20.9 208.00 12.9 213.00 16.4
ToTAL 1210.00 100.0 1615.00 100.0 1300.00 100.0
*Includes proposals relating to Science Education.
16
17
Break-up of the Plan outlay into non-recurring and recurring may be seen in Table 5.
TABLE 5
Component of the outlays in Third and Fourth Plans
(Rs. in crores)
Con- Equip- Total Re-
Plan Total struction ment (non- curring
(includ- recurring)
ing books)
1 2 3 4 5 6
Third Plan 560.00 168.00 56.00 224.00 336.00
Fourth Plan 1300.00 300.00 175.00 475.00 825.00
The outlay in the public sector of Rs. 1300 crores indicated
above will be supplemented by a contribution of the order of about Rs.
350 crores from non-government sources, of which only about Rs. 240
crores are of a type that is usually reported in educational
statistics and consist of income from fees, endowments, contribution
from local bodies, etc. Mid-day meals and similar programmes where ad
hoc assistance is forthcoming from the community are also not
reflected in these estimates. Further, it is estimated that the
outlay on education and training programmes of Departments, other than
Education, during the Fourth Plan would be about Rs. 500 crores.
27. As a result of the outlays, indicated in the above
paragraph, the total expenditure on education will go up from Rs. 850
crores in 1968-69 to about Rs. 1576 crores in 1973-74, which will be
about 3.86 per cent. of the national income as indicated in Table 6.
TABLE 6
Total Educational Expenditure during the Fourth Five Year Plan-
1969-70 to 1973-74
(Rs.in crores)
Educa-
tional ex-
pendiure
Year Total Non- Total of as per-
(Govern- Govern- (Columns centage
ment) ment 2+3) of Na-
tional
Income
1 2 3 4 5
1968-69 640.00 210.00 850.00 2.79
1969.70 765.20 224.70 989.90 3.06
1970.71 879.33 240.43 1119.76 3.27
1971.72 994.42 257.26 1251.68 3.45
1972-73 1146.52 275.27 1421.79 3.69
1973-74 1281.66 294.54 1576.20 3.86
18
28. According to the latest decision of the Planning Secretaries regarding Centrally sponsored schemes and taking into consideration the tasks which will have to be taken up by the Central Government, it has been estimated that out of Rs. 1300 crores, the outlay on Central and Centrally sponsored schemes would be Rs. 334 crores and Rs. 74 crores respectively or the total Central Sector would be of the order of Rs. 408 crores. The outlay in the State Sector would be Rs. 892 crores.
29. The main schemes in the Central sector relate to the development of Central institutions as well as programmes directly executed by or assisted by the National Council of Educational Research and Training and the University Grants Commission. The work of the NCERT largely relates to pilot and experimental projects, production of model books and of prototype scientific equipment required in schools, research in curriculum, teaching methods, evaluation, etc. The University Grants Commission concentrates on the consolidation and improvement of higher education with special reference to postgraduate and research work.
30. The most important programmes in the Centrally sponsored sector will be the provision of loans for construction of hostels, functional literacy programmes in conjunction with the Agriculture Ministry's programme of intensive development of agriculture in selected areas and Book Production Programmes.
31. The details of the schemes in the Central and Centrally sponsored sector may be seen at Annesure XIII. Targets
32. The main targets of enrolment, accepted for the Fourth Plan, are indicated in Table 7.
TABLE 7
Number of students at schools and colleges
Stage and Age- Unit 1950-51 1960-61 1965-66 1968-69 1973-74
group (actuals) (actuals) (actuals) (likely (targets)
position)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1.Primary (6-11)
Classes IN :
Enrolment Lakhs 191.5 349.9 514.5 568.0 748.0
Percentage of the
age-group 43.1 62.8 78.5 79.2 92.3
II Middle (11-14)
Classes VI-VIII
Enrolment Lakhs 31.2 67.1 105.4 130.5 201.1
Percentage of the
age-group 12.9 22.5 30.9 34.7 45.9
19
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
III. Secondary (14-17)
Clams IX-XI :
Enrolment Lakhs 12.6 30.2 55.1 64.2 97.2
Percentage of the
age-group . 5.6 11.1 18.0 19.0 24.6
IV. University Education
(17-23) (Arts, Sci-
ence and Commerce)
Enrolment Lakhs 3.1 7.4 12.3 16.9 26.3
Percentage of the
age-group . 0.8 1.5 2.3 2.9 3.8
V. Technical Education
(Admission capacity)
Diploma Nos. 5900 25000 49900* 48000 26000@
Degree Nos. 4120 13820 24700* 24000 17000@
*Sanctioned capacity.
@The targets have been reduced in view of the unemployment among
engineers. These will be revised once the demand for the Fifth Plan
is known.
The progressive increase in enrolment during the various Plan
periods is indicated in Table 8.
TABLE 8
Increase in enrolement in various stages of education during
various Plans
(Figures in lakhs)
Sl. Stage/Age- Additional Enrolment Average Annual Increase
No. group
I II III 1966-69 IV I II III 1966-1969 IV
Plan Plan Plan Plan Plan Plan Plan Plan Plan Plan
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
1. Primary 60.2 98.2 164.5 53.5 180.0 12.04 19.64 32.90 17.83 36.00
6-11
2. Middle 11.7 24.2 38.3 25.1 70.0 2.34 4.84 7.66 8.37 14.00
11-14
3. Secondary 7.2 10.4 24.9 9.1 33.0 1.44 2.08 4.98 3.03 6.60
14-17
4. University 2.4 1.9 4.9 4.6 9.4 0.48 0.38 0.98 1.53 1.88
17-23
It will be seen that the tempo of increase will comparatively slow down so far as the
age-group 6-11 is concerned as we approach the saturation point. The increase at the
middle stage will be more pronounced as a result of the pressure of increase at the
primary stage in the earlier period, the greater retention as a result of the measures
proposed to reduce wastage and
20
stagnation and emphasis on continuation classes. The most phenomenal increase, however,
will be at the university stage because of the rapid increase in the social demand and the
non-availability of sufficient alternative avenues.
33. The requirements of teachers for the programmes of expansion, is indicated in Table
9.
TABLE 9
Additional employment of teachers
(Figures in lakhs)
Stage 1968-69 1973-74 1969-74 1969-74@ Total
Additional Additional Additional
teachers teachers teachers
(Columns for normal ( Columns
3-2) replacement 4+5)
1 2 3 4 5 6
Primary 14.20 16.60 2.40 2.30 4.70
Middle 5.20 6.00* 0.80 0.90 1.70
Secondary 2.90 3.90 1.00 0.60 1.60
TOTAL 22.30 26.50 4.20 3.80 8.00
@3 per cent for Elementary Education and 4 per cent-for Secondary Education.
*Excludes teachers who will be required for 10 lakh students to be enrolled in continuation classes. The existing teachers will be required to teach these students.
Thus during the Fourth Plan, the number of additional teachers who. will be employed, is expected to be 8 lakhs.
34. The additional number of university and college teachers who are expected to be appointed during the Fourth Plan is likely to be 51,000 inclusive of 8,000 on account of normal replacement.
35. On the basis of expansion visualised for teacher training facilities, the additional number of teacher-educators is likely to be about 3,000 inclusive of replacement. The additional administrative, inspectorate and supervisory staff required during the Fourth Plan is likely to be of the order of about 5,000. It is difficult to make any very precise assessment of the requirements of non-teaching staff. It is estimated very roughly that during the Fourth Plan, about 80,000 to 90,000 additional non-teaching staff will be required.
36. The details of the various important programmes and policies have been given in Annexure III to XII.
In the following paragraphs some of the significant developments visualised have been indicated. The enrolment targets for elementary education have been fixed on the basis of feasibility and the need to achieve the constitutional directive as early as possible and those for the subsequent stages on the basis of estimated social demand. In regard to technical education, the admission capacity is proposed to be reduced keeping in view the rough demand estimates, which is all that is possible to make at this stage without the targets of industrial production etc. for the Fifth Plan being known.