GROWTH OF EXPENDITURE ON EDUCATION BY EDUCATION DEPARTMENTS AND SHARE OF CENTRAL AND STATE GOVERNMENTS
Statement I in the Annexure gives centre and statewise/ yearwise/subsectorwise expenditure on education by education departments with plan and non-plan breakup. The expenditure has increased from Rs. 644.6 million in 1951-52 to Rs. 239089.4 million in 1993-94 or 371 times at current prices. Table 2 indicates the public expenditure incurred on education by both Central and State Governments for selected years.
Table 2 : Expenditure on Education by Education
Departments
(Revenue Account)
(Rs. in million)
Year Centre States Total
1951-52 40.8 ( 6.33) 603.8(93.67) 644.6(100.00)
1961-62 260.1 ( 9.99) 2342.9(90.01) 2603.0(100.00)
1971-72 723.3 ( 7.27) 9224.9(92.73) 9948.2(100.00)
1981-82 2407.4 ( 6.35) 35494.1(93.65) 37901.5(100.00)
1986-87 6482.3 ( 7.67) 78020.9(92.33) 84503.2(100.00)
1987-88 12017.5 (11.52) 170435.1(90.90) 187575.7(100.00)
1991-92 17140.6 ( 9.10) 170435.1(90.90) 187575.7(100.00)
1993-94(BE) 21559.6 ( 9.00) 217529.8(91.00) 239089.4(100.00)
States finance more than 90 percent of the public expenditure on education. While Central Government support for education is small relative to that of states, which cover the bulk of recurring cost under non-plan head, centre provides substantial funding of plan outlay (more than 25%). The centre is often the only source of support for new programmes. Plan funding from centre has increased phenomenally after adoption of National Policy on Education (NPE) 1986, which gave a meaningful definition to the concurrency of education enshrined in the Constitution, through its 42 Amendment. A number of Centrally Sponsored Schemes were launched to promote universalisation of secondary education and science education. Central share in the plan outlay for education had reached the level of 50 percent in 1987-88 which has been maintained at a level of around 35 percent thereafter. (Table 3).
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TABLE 3: PLAN AND NON-PLAN EXPENDITURE ON EDUCATION IN
CENTRE AND STATES
(Revenue Account)
(Rs. in 10 millons)
PLAN EXPENDITURE NON-PLAN EXPENDITURE TOTAL (PLAN+NON-PLAN)
YEAR CENTRE STATE TOTAL CENTRE STATE TOTAL CENTRE STATE TOTAL
1968-69 24.14 68.62 92.76 19.89 536.48 556.37 44.03 605.10 649.13
(26.02) (73.98) (100.00) (3.57) (96.43) (100.00) (6.78) (93.22) (100.00)
1971-72 39.33 100.62 139.95 33.00 821.87 854.87 72.33 922.49 994.82
(28.10) (71.90) (00.00) (3.86) (96.14) (100.00) (7.27) (92.73) (100.00)
1981-82 85.80 262.44 348.24 154.94 3286.97 3441.91 240.74 3549.41 3790.15
(24.64) (75.36) (100.00) (4.50) (95.50) (100.00) (6.35) (93.65) (100.00)
1987-88 771.62 749.73 1521.35 430.13 8478.71 8908.84 1201.75 9228.44 10430.19
(50.72) (49.28) (100.00) (4.83) (95.17) (100.00) (11.52) (88.48) (100.00)
1993-94 1308.78 2447.43 3756.21 847.18 19305.55 20152.73 2155.96 21752.98 23908.94
(34.84) (65.16) (100.00) (4.20) (95.80) (100.00) (9.00) (91.00) (100.00)
Figures in brackets are Percentage share
At constant prices public expenditure on education has increased at an annual compound rate of 8.3 per cent over the last four decades (Table 4). The compound rate in the 1980s has been higher than that in the 1970s and 1960s. Further, the rate of growth of central expenditure is substantially higher than that of states during the 1980s.
Table 4 : PUBLIC EXPENDITURE ON EDUCATION
(REVENUE ACCOUNT)
OVER DECADES BY CENTRE STATES AND UTS
EXPENDITURE IN RS. 10 MILLION ( AT 1980-81 Prices)
Year Centre States & UTS Total
1951-52 18.89 279.56 298.45
1961-62 104.56 941.85 1046.41
(18.70) (13.00) (13.00)
1971-72 155.51 1983.35 2138.86
(4.00) (7.70) (7.40)
1981-82 141.00 2991.14 3132.14
(-0.90) (4.20) (3.90)
1991-92 668.48 6646.97 7315.45
(16.80) (8.30) (8.90)
Annual Compound (9.00) (8.20) (8.30)
Growth Rate (1951-92)
Note A Figure in the paranthesis are annual compound growth
rate in percentage during the previous decade.
Note B GNP has been used as the deflator.
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