QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS
1.1 State-wise Distribution The response that have come cover or almost all the major Indian States but surprisingly enough there is not even a single response from some States and Union Territories such as Himachal Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Orissa, Tripura, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Arunachal Pradesh, Chandigarh, Dadra and -Nagar Haveli, Lakshadweep, Mizoram and Pondicherry. Out of 158 correspondences 39 have been received from Tamil Nadu amounting to 24.5 per cent of the total responses, which is the largest number received from any single State. Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh have constituted 12.5% each. Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan 8.5% of the total responses.
Nine responses have come from the Union Territory of Delhi, constituting 4.5 per cert. The State of West Bengal constituted 5.0 per cent and Andhra Pradesh 4.5 per cent only. Other States showing a low percentage of responses were -Bihar? Gujarat, Haryana, and Karnataka with 3.5 per cent responses each out of the total. Next comes Assam contributing only 2 per cent, followed by Kerala and Punjab with 3 responses each constituting 1 per cent of the total. The last category of responses was from Jammu and Kashmir with only one response or 0.5% of the total number of responses.
This State-wise distribution reflects the same pattern as that or the, previous reports, barring the increase in the number of responses from Tamil Nadu.
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1.2 Occupational background We, have attempted to represent as far as possible views of people from all the categories in order to project a grass-root perspective of education on the changes visualized by the correspondents. Some of the categories of the correspondents are directly related to education and some indirectly. The maximum number of the correspondents however, have not mentioned their occupation at all. They constitute 37.3% of the total. College Teachers come next on the list. We have received 28 responses from college teachers and from 26 educational administrators constituting 17.7% and 6.4% respectively. Professionals outside education constitute 8.8% while school teachers who are directly related to education cover only 7.5% (12 responses followed by politicians and administrators outside education constituting 4.4% and 2.7%. There work only 3 responses from students constituting 1.8% of the total. Two responses each have come from eminent persons and journalists which makes them 1.2% in each category and one response from a businessman which makes it 0.5%.
This analysis too reveals the same pattern of responses emanating from the different categories of persons as is found in our previous three volumes. Table 1A & B give an insight as to which category is represented by each State.
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Table No. 1A
STATEWISE DISTRIBUTION OF RESPONSES BY GROUPS
State and School Colleges Colleges Ednl. Student Politician
Union Territory Teacher Teacher Admntor.
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
1. Andhra Pradesh - 1 1 - -
2. Assam - - 1 - -
3. Bihar 1 2 1 - -
4. Gujarat - 3 1 - -
5. Haryana - 2 - 1 -
6. Himachal Pradesh - - - - -
7. J & K - - 1 - -
8. Karnataka - 2 1 - -
9. Kerala - 1 - - -
10. Madhya Pradesh 3 1 3 2 1
11. Maharashtra 2 5 3 - 2
12. Manipur - - - - -
13. Meghalaya - - - - -
14. Nagaland - - - - -
15. Orissa - - - - -
16. Punjab - - - - -
17. Rajasthan 2 - 4 - 3
18. Sikkim - - - - -
19. Tamil Nadu 1 4 3 - -
20. Tripura - - - - -
21. U.P. 2 4 3 - 1
22. West Bengal - 2 1 - -
23. A & N Islands - - - - -
24. Arunachal - - - - -
25. Chandigarh - - - - -
26 D & N. Haveli - - - - -
27. Delhi 1 1 3 - -
28. Goa Daman&Diu - - - - -
29. Lakshadweep - - - - -
30. Mizoram - - - - -
31. Pondicherry - - - - -
32. Not classified - - - - -
33. Outside India - - - - -
12 28 26 3 7
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Table No. 1 B
STATEWISE DISTRIBUTION OF RESPONSES BY GROUPS
Profe- Admini- Emi- Jour- Busi Others Total
States & ssion- strator nent nalists nessmen
Union Territory outside pers-
Edn. ons
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)
1. Andhra Pradesh - 1 - - - 3 6
2. Assam - - - - - 3 4
3. Bihar - 1 - - - - 5
4. Gujarat 1 - - - - - 5
5. Haryana - - - - - 2 5
6. Himachal Pradesh - - - - - - -
7. J & K - - - - - - 1
8. Karnataka - - - - - 2 5
9. Kerala - - - - - 2 3
10. Madhya Pradesh 4 - 1 - - 3 18
11. Maharashtra - 1 1 1 - 3 18
12. Manipur - - - - - - -
13. Meghalaya - - - - - - -
14. Nagaland - - - - - - -
15. Orissa - - - - - - -
16. Punjab 1 1 - - - 1 3
17. Rajasthan - - - - 1 3 13
18. Sikkim - - - - - - -
19. Tamil Nadu 3 - - - - 28 39
20. Tripura - - - - - - -
21. U.P. 3 - - - - 3 16
22. West Bengal 1 - - 1 - 3 8
23. A & N Islands - - - - - - -
24. Arunachal - - - - - - -
25. Chandigarh - - - - - - -
26. D. & N. Haveli - - - - - - -
27. Delhi 1 - - - - 3 9
28. Goa Daman & Diu - - - - - - -
29. Lakshadweep - - - - - - -
30. Mizoram - - - - - - -
31. Pondicherry - - - - - - -
32. Not Classified - - - - - - -
33. Outside India - - - - - - -
14 4 2 2 1 59 158
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1.3 Thematic Responses As Tables 2 & 3 indicate, views of most of the correspondents have been on planning and management, and content and curriculum. About 50 per cent, have sent in their proposal on these two themes. The next issue of concern, as perceived by the correspondents has been an goals of education, 34 per cent have responded on the language issue, 26 per cent on teachers followed by views on delinking degrees, access to higher education and discipline, in that order.
Seventeen per cent have sent their views on structure of education, 14 on finance and evaluation each, 12 on malpractices and 10 on adult education. The extent of concern of the correspondents on the indicated themes represents first, the degree of concern of the public on them and second, indicates the fact that the government's proposed Policy needs to be further strengthened in these areas.
The largest number of responses on content and curriculum (28), goals (26), planning and management (24) and the language issue (22) have come from Tamil Nadu. This pattern of preference is also reflected. From Maharashtra In Madhya Pradesh too, the concern is mostly over planning and management However, 9 correspondents from this have expressed their anxieties over the current status of teachers and the direction of teacher education. Only 4 states talk about delinking degrees from jobs, whereas almost 16 states have attached their priorities to goals of education.
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1.4 States of Education This secondary stage of education has evoked the largest number of responses from 56 per cent of the correspondents. Elementary education figures next. For both these stages of education, the majority of the responses have, however, come from persons outside the field of education. Their general concern has been with school education. Few have perceived of the problems as typical to a particular level.
Tertiary level education has been dealt with both by educationists as well as persons outside education. 46 correspondent have sent in their views on this. Technical and Adult education has been mainly, the concern of college teachers and administrators. Some politicians have also written about its problems.
Group-wise responses on the thematic classification of correspondents may be classified as follows. The majority of the college teachers and educational administrators have written on content and curriculum and methodology. The question of goals of education and concern with a new participatory structure of planning and management has also received a lot of attention from this group. Professionals outside education are more concerned with educational planning and management than they are with other issues. So themes like social justice, so necessary in our education system has not surprisingly enough, received the required number of responses. Given below are Tables and III, which give a detailed picture on the thematic breakdown of responses than emerged from different categories of persons from each state.
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Table No. 2
DISTRIBUTION OF RESPONSES OF VARIOUS CATEGORIES OF PERSONS ON THEMES
Goals Struc- Content Lang- Evalu- Plang. Fina-
of ture & Curri- uage ation & Mana- nce
Edn. culum gement
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)
1. School Teacher 6 0 5 5 4 9 1
2. College Teacher 14 10 22 6 6 15 8
3. Educational Admn. 13 5 11 11 8 11 6
4. Student 0 0 2 1 0 3 0
5. Politician 2 2 1 2 1 4 3
6. Professional 4 3 5 4 3 8 2
outside education
7. Administrator 1 2 1 1 0 1 0
outside, education
8. Eminent person 0 0 1 1 0 2 0
9. Journalist 1 1 2 0 0 0 0
10. Businessmen 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
11. Any other 26 5 28 24 1 26 3
Total 67 28 78 55 23 79 23
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Table No. 2 (Contd...)
Tea- Social Delin- Access Voca- Desci- Mal- Intra- Adult Others
cher Justi- king to hi- tio- pline pract- struc- educa-
tice degrees gher nali- ices tural tion
from Edn. sation facili-
Job ties
(8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17)
1. 5 2 2 1 2 0 3 2 2 1
2. 9 5 4 2 10 2 1 4 6 6
3. 11 5 1 4 4 2 7 3 4 4
4. 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0
5. 3 2 3 1 2 0 2 0 4 1
6. 5 3 2 1 3 3 1 2 0 3
7. 2 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0
8. 1 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 1 0
9. 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
10. 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
11. 5 4 1 2 4 3 4 4 4 18
42 22 15 13 28 11 19 17 22 33
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Table No. 3
STATEWISE DISTRIBUTION OF RESPONSES ON VARIOUS THEMES
Goals Struc- Content Lang- Evalu- Plang. Fina-
State/ U.T of ture & Curri- uage ation & Mana- nce
Edn. culum gement
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)
Andhra Pradesh 1 1 2 3 1 1 0
Assam 1 1 2 2 0 1 1
Bihar 2 1 3 0 1 3 1
Gujarat 3 4 3 1 1 3 2
Haryana 1 0 2 3 0 3 0
Himachal Pradesh 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
J & K 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
Karnataka 2 0 2 0 1 1 2
Kerala 1 0 3 1 0 1 1
Madhya Pradesh 3 1 4 7 4 11 2
Maharashtra 8 7 10 4 5 9 4
Manipur 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Meghalaya 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nagaland 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Orissa 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Punjab 1 3 2 0 0 1 2
Rajasthan 4 2 3 5 5 5 1
Sikkim 0 0 0 0 0 0 4
Tamil Nadu 26 3 28 22 1 24 0
Tripura 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
U.P. 6 3 7 4 4 8 0
West Bengal 3 2 3 0 0 3 0
A & N Islands 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Arunachal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Chandigarh 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
D & N. Haveli 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Delhi 4 0 4 2 0 5 0
Goa Daman & Diu 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Lakshadweep 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mizoram 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Pondicherry 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Not classified 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Outside India 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
67 28 78 55 23 79 23
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Table No. 3 (Contd.)
Tea- Social Delin- Access Voca- Desci- Mal- Intra- Adult Others
cher Justi- king to hi- tio- pline pract- struc- educa-
tice degrees gher nali- ices tural tion
fom Edn. sation facili-
Job ties
(8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17)
1. 2 2 0 2 2 0 1 0 3 2
2. 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
3. 1 1 0 0 3 0 1 1 0 0
4. 1 1 0 2 1 0 1 0 1 0
5. 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0
6. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
7. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
8. 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
9. 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
10. 9 2 3 3 6 2 2 3 3 0
11. 7 6 3 1 6 0 0 2 3 15
12. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
13. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
14. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
15. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
16. 1 0 0 0 0 2 0 3 1 0
17. 6 2 4 3 1 2 3 0 3 0
18. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
19. 7 5 0 0 2 0 4 1 2 14
20. 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
21. 0 1 5 2 3 4 2 5 6 1
22. 0 1 0 0 0 2 4 0 0 0
23. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
24. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
25. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
26. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
27. 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 1 0 0
28. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
29. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
30. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
31. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
32. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
42 22 15 13 28 11 19 17 22 33
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