* The 10:40 Formula envisages provision of facilities for teaching in the medium of the mother tongue at the primary stage where there is a minimum of 10 students in a class or 40 in a school as a whole.

** The 15:60 Formula seeks to provide facilities for teaching through the medium of the mother tongue, at the secondary stage where there is a minimum of 15 students in a class or 60 in a school as a whole.

(b) in the case of higher secondary schools in cities having concentration of minority language speakers, one minority language medium higher secondary school should be opened for every group of 8 to M primary schools;

(c) the State Government should help in raising the standard of teaching in such minority medium higher secondary schools as are run by linguistic minorities themselves;

(d) the pre-conditions, if any, for permitting the setting up of minority language medium higher secondary schools and sections privately should be relaxed in favour of the concerned linguistic minority setting up such schools or sections, and the procedure so simplified that the required permission would be granted within two months of the date of application;

(e) the facility of minority language medium secondary schools should, as proposed in the case of primary education, be provided wherever the minority language speaking population of an area constitutes 10% of the population. (11.4.6)

243. The Jafri Committee has also recommended that the status of the Bureau for Promotion of Urdu should be changed from that of a subordinate office to an autonomous Organisation in order to arm it with functional freedom and enhanced financial powers. This Committee supports this recommendation as well, consistent with its approach that academic bodies should be independent of the rigidities of the subordinate offices of the Government of India. (11.4.6)

Development of Sindhi and other Inter-State Languages

244. This Committee has gone into this question and recommends the establishment of a Sindhi Vikas Board, considering its inter-State character, its inclusion in the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution and the persistent demand from the Sindhi

speaking people and their organisations for the formation of such a Board. There are other inter-State languages as well, besides Urdu and Sindhi like Gorkhali, Santhali, Maithili and Bhojpuri. Special measures for the development and promotion of these languages should also be taken. (11.4.6)

National Level Facility for Training in Translation

245. POA, 1986 having referred to translation efforts being undertaken by a multiplicity of agencies, the National Book Trust, the Sahitya Akademy, the State Akademies etc. called for efforts at translation being systematised. The POA also envisages the establishment of a Central Translation Bureau (different from the translation bureau under the Department of Official Language of the Ministry of Home Affairs). The term of reference recommended by POA for this Central Translation Bureau was identification of gaps in dictionary resources so that suitable support programmes could be chalked out for the preparation of bilingual and multi-lingual dictionaries.

What is required is not yet another agency for the routine production of dictionaries. On the other hand, a national level facility should be established in the country for the purpose of imparting training in the methodologies of translation. This facility could be established as part of the Central Institute of Indian Languages. (11.4.6)

A Fresh Linguistic Survey of India

246. The last linguistic survey of India (only one hitherto) was carried out from 1.898 to 1928. Since this survey, considerable changes have come about in terms of vocabulary, diction, evolution of new dialects etc. Often, controversies also do arise regarding the identity of the languages. Therefore, a fresh linguistic survey of India based on rational principles should be undertaken. This new Survey would be of immense help in use of languages in the educational system particularly in the North-East and other areas where education is not taking place necessarily in the mother tongue. (11.4.6)

Use of Technology for Language Development

247. Within the umbrella of the project entitled Technology Development for Indian Languages undertaken by the Department of Electronics, Department of Education should undertake specific sub- projects for use of technology in the development of languages covering all aspects-learning systems, machine translation/transliteration, human machine interface system, etc. In the preparation and implementation of these sub-projects reputed Sanskrit universities and institutions should be involved. (11.4.6)