PROJECTIONS AND PRIORITIES
SCHEMES OF THE DEPARTMENT 3.1 Pursuant to the enunciation of the NPE and POA in 1986 a number of new schemes were introduced by the Department of Education. The Policy and its POA were updated in 1992. Consequently, in the light of experience gained in implementation necessary modification were effected in the schemes also.
3.2. Provision of elementary education of satisfactory quality to all children, ensuring universal adult literacy, job-oriented secondary education and facilitation of higher education, both professional and general, to the talented are the objectives of the schemes of the Department of Education. These schemes can broadly be classified into those meant to enhance access and those meant to enhance quality. In the first category are schemes like Non-Formal Education and National Literacy Mission. Schemes like Operation Blackboard, District Institutes of Educational Training, thrust area schemes in Technical Education, etc., fall under the second category.
3.3. The sector-wise outlay for education in the Eighth Five Year Plan (both Central and States) is given in Table 17. sector-wise financial projections of the Centre for the existing schemes, both Plan and Non- Plan, for the period 1995-2000 are given in Table 18. The scheme-wise details are given in Annexure-I.
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NON-PLAN LIABILITIES ARISING FROM PLAN SCHEMES TO BE COMPLETED BY
31ST MARCH, 1995 3.4 Since the Eighth Five Year Plan period is upto March, 1997, the non-plan liabilities of the Eighth Plan Schemes will arise from the year 1997 only. For the period 1997-2000, the liabilities falling on State Governments on account of major schemnes is as under:
Operation Blackboard 3.5 The Scheme of operation Blackboard was started in 1987-88, to bring all existing primary schools in the country to a minimum standard of physical facilities by providing them with (i) an all- weather two room building with a verandah and separate toilets for boys and girls, (ii) at least two teachers, one of them, as far as possible, a women,, and (iii) a set of essential teaching learning equipment such as blackboards, maps, charts, toys, games equipment and library books. The scheme provides 100% central assistance for (ii) and (iii). Funds for the construction of class rooms in buildingless or single room schools are the responsibility of the State Governments. During the Eighth Plan Period the scope of the scheme has been expanded to provide three teachers and three rooms in those primary schools where the enrolment exceeds 100, and to cover upper primary schools also.
3.6 The non-plan liability falling on the States after 31st March, 1997 under the scheme is as under:
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Item Rs. in Crores.
1. Salary of teachers: 1,52,641 teachers 1648.52
@ Rs.3000/- per month (for three years)
2. Contingency grant @ Rs.500/- per school 84.47
for 5.70 lakh schools (for three years)
3. Maintanance of 2,63,401 school buildings 395.10
@ 5% of the cost of construction of a
school (Rs.1.00 lakh)
Three Teachers/Three Rooms
1. Salary of 41,970 teachers @ Rs.3000/- p.m. 453.27
Upper Primary Schools
1. Maintenance of upper primary school 174.97
buildings (1,16,648 rooms) @ 5% of
the cost of construction of a room
(Rs.1.00 lakh)
2. contingency grant @ Rs.1000/- p.m. for 4.37
14,581 schools.
Total 2761.70
Statewise details are given in Table 19.
Non-Formal Education 3.7 The scheme of Non-Formal Education (NFE), introduced in 1979-80, provides an alternative means of education of comparable standard to formal school system to girls, working children, school dropouts and children from habitations without schools. The scheme covers ten educationally bakcward states, viz., Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, J&K, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal and also urban slums, hilly, desert and tribal areas and areas of concentration of working children in all other states and union territories.
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3.8 The non-plan liabilities falling on the states after 31st March, 1997 under the scheme comes to Rs.570.36 crore. Statewise details are given in Table 20.
Teacher Education 3.9 Under the scheme, States are provided non-recurring grants for construction of buildings and procurement of equipment for District Institute of Education and Training (DIETs) and Colleges of Teacher Education (CTEs)/Institutions of Advanced Study in Education and Training (IASEs) and recurring grants for staff salaries and training programmes and other activities. Maintenance of buildings and other assets is the responsibility of the States. States' liability during the period 1.997-2000 in respect of recurring expenditure on staff salaries and programmes and maintenance of buildings (@ 5% p.a. of the building cost) is estimated as under:
Scheme Staff Salaries Maintenance of Total
and programmes buildings
DIETs 318.75 63.75 382.50
(425)
CTEs 27.00 8.25 35.25
(100)
IASEs 16.80 3.30 20.10
(35)
Total.. 437.85
Statewise details are given in Table 21.
Vocationalisation of Secondary Education 3.10 The basic components of the Oentrally Sponsored Scheme of Vocationalisation of Higher Secondary
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Education, introduced in February 1988, are:
- Creation of a separate Administrative Structure at the State, District and School levels to manage Vocational Education Programme.
- Strengthening of Technical Support System for research, development, training and evaluation; strengthening of SCERTs.
- Conducting of District Vocational Surveys in all the districts.
- Development of curriculum and instructional material, textbooks and guide material.
- Provision of 2 full-time teachers per section and honorarium for part-time teachers as experts; training of teachers.
- Provision for construction of one workshed per section and basic equipments for the course.
Under the scheme, so far, 16450 Vocational Sections in 6701 schools have been sanctioned creating a capacity for diversion of about 8.22 lakh students.
3.11 The NPE target is to achieve 25% diversion of the students at plus two level by 2000 AD. To achieve this target the pace of the programme has to be accelerated. By that time costs of different items would also be increased to a considerable extent. It may also likely that at that time vocational education programme may gain momentum and have more demand. Taking all these into account, the physical and financial requirements by the end of 2000 AD has been worked out and shown in Table 22. As shown in Table 22 the
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additional vocational sections and schools required ( over and above the already sanctioned vocational sections and schools till the end of VIII Plan) by 2000 A.D. would be about 20,000 and 5000 respectively. In so far as the cost on salaries of teachers and other staff at school level is concerned, the State Governments will have to bear only 25% share of the total cost. on an average, Rs.50,000 which is 25% of the unit cost per section has been taken to calculate the teachers' cost and shown in column 5 of Table 22 To calculate the salary of staff at school level again the unit cost has been taken as Rs.50,000/- per school. The State-wise details are given in column 6 of the Table-22. Thus, the total requirement per annum for State Sector comes to Rs.114.52 crores. By the end of 2000 A.D. This cost would increase to Rs.286.31 crores.
3.12 Taking into account the above projections, the requirement of funds for the period 1995-2000 comes Rs. 286.31 crore. Statewise details are given in Table 22.
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