PART- I GENERAL SURVEY ABSTRACT-STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
Income Income of Educational Institutions for the Purpose of this Publication, relates to the amounts received from Government (Central and States), Universities and local bodies as Well as received from fees, endowment and other sources. Income of an Institution could be recurring as well as Non- recurring.
The total Income of all recognised educational institutions (School) amounts to Rs. 9418.85 Crores during the year 1989-90 (Table 1.01). The Recurring Income constituted Rs. 9152. 10 Crores (97.17 percent) and the balance of Rs. 266.75 crores (2.83 percent) was Non recurring Income. The share of Recurring Income varies between 82.41 % to 98.68% for differnt levels of school education starting from Pre-primary to Higher Secondary (Pre-dgree) level (Table 1. 0 1). (col. 12).
Analysis of percentage distributions of total Income of the different categories of Institutions reveals that the Primary Schools accounted for the largest percentage share of 31.05, while the lowest percentage of 0. 20 was for pre-primary schools. (col. 15).
In case of Non recurring Income, the highest and Second highest percent share goes to High/Post Basic School and Higher Secondary School (10+2) Pattern with shares of 29.83 percent and (col. 14) ercent respectively. For Middle/Senior Basic Schools, this percentage is 18.70 followed by Primary/Junior Basic Schools (18.63 %). For all other categories of Institutions the percentage is less than 5 %. Details for different categories of Institutions are given in Table 1.01.
Details of Income from Government Funds for all categories of Institutions are given in table 1.03. Government funds accounted for as much as 7865.70 crores.
The Government (Centre, State and local bodies) contributed more than 93.40% of the recurring income for the school education. The major share of non-recurring income also comes from the Government source. Over the years the share of Government in the income genration of educational institutions has increased from about 68% in 1950-51 to more than 93.4% in the year 1989-90.
II
Expenditure) The total expenditure incurred by all types of institutions engaged in school education was of the order of Rs. 8960.31 crores comprising Rs. 87097.97 crores of recurring expenditure (97.21 %) and Rs. 250.34 crores of non-recurring expenditure (2.79 %).
Of the total recurring expenditure on the recognised educational institutions, the majoar portion was spent on Primary Schools (30.47%) followed by Middle/ Senior Basic Schools (23.98%) High/Post Basic Schools ( 23.62%) Higher Secondary Schools 10+2 pattern (16.31%). For all other categories of instituions the percentage is less than 3% (Table 1.04).
As for the non-recurring Expenditure, the highest percentage was in the case of Primary/Junior Basic School, i.e. (23.77%), followed by Higher Secondary Schools (10+2) Pattern (22.31%), High/ Post Basic Schools (21.39%), Middle/Senior Basic Schools (18.01 %). In case of other categories of institutions, the non-recurring expenditure is less than 9 percent (Table 1.04).
Details of recurring and non recurring expenditure by heads of charges are given in table 1.05. It will be seen that salaries of teaching staff account for about 83.89 percent, while the share of the salries of the non-teaching staff is 7.08 percent. Only 0.16 percent of the recurring expenditure is incurred on Hostels, 0.15 percent on Libraries, 0.80 percent on stipends, scholarships and other financial concessions, 0.33 percent on Apparatus, chemicals and 7.60 percnet on other items.
Analysis of Statewise data (Table V in the Annexure) reveals that percentage of recurring expenditure on salaries to total recurring expenditure on school education varies from the lowest of 61.76 % for Arunachal Pradesh to the Highest of 95.51 % for Orissa against the All India percentage of 90.96%. Except for Arunachal Pradesh in all other states, the salary component consumes more than 75 percent of the total recurring expenditure on school education.
Trends during 1950-51 to 1989-90 Statement No.1 depicts the trends in income of all types of Educational Institutions from different sources during the period 1950-51 to 1984-90. It may be seen that Government fund is the major source of income for Educational Institutions. Funds provided by local bodies are basically transfer from Central/State Governments.
The share of Government Funds has increased from 68% in 1950-51 to 93.40% in 1989-90. It is also interesting to observe that the share of fees has gone down considerably from 20.39 % to as low as 3.55% during the same period. The share of endowment and other sources has also decreased considerably from 11.62% in 1950-51 to 3.04% in 1989-90. From these it may be inferred that Government is the main funding Agency for all types of
III
eudcational programmes in the country.
The main reasons for increasing share of Government funds for running of various types of Educational Programmes are:-
(a) School level educaton has been made free upto Class VIII in almost all the States and even upto Class X in some of the States;
(b) large number of Government Schools have been opened in rural areas; and
(c) Grants to private institutions by the Government have also been liberalized to enable the private schools management to meet the increasing expenditure.
No doubt large number of private schools (mostly english medium) have been opend since Independance but most of these are located in big cities and towns only to cater to needs of ever rising ambitions of middle class parents who can afford to pay high fees for such types of schools. Many of such schools are unrecognised and are not covered under the existing system of collection of Educational Statistics as a result of which income/expenditure in respect of these unrecognised schools is not covered in the figures reported in this publication.
Note: Numerical and Financial Educational Data is collected only from Recognised Institutions along with Privately Managed (Aided/Unaided) Institutions also.
* * * * *
IV