EDUCATION AT MIDDLE STAGE 59
6.3 Statewise analysis of Schooling Facilities The position of States is discussed in the following paragraphs which give the comparative picture at the time of the Third and Fourth Surveys.
Andhra Pradesh At the time of Third Survey 66.93% of habitations with 81.92% of rural population were served with middle sections within a distance of 5 km inclusive of 31.32% of population served within the habitation. According to the present data 74.25% habitations are served with middle sections within 5 km of distance catering 87.2% of rural population including 36.0% having middle school/section within the habitation. The number of habitations with population 1000 or more that still remain to be served is 1,124 compared to 1,574 at the time of the Third Survey.
Assam About 86.89% of the habitations accounting for 91.72% of rural population were served by middle sections within 5 km at the time of the Third Survey. These percentages have increased to 92.0 and 95.0 respectively. The percentage of population served in their own habitations has increased from 15.76 to 21.0 during this period. The number of habitations with population 1000 or more unserved within a distance of 5 km has decreased from 217 to 128 during this period.
Bihar Percentage of habitations served by a middle section within 5 km has slightly increased from 88.19 to 90.58 with corresponding increase in proportion of population served from 94.38% to 95.90%. There is a marginal increase in the proportion of population served by a middle section within the habitation itself from 22.06% to 23.14%. The number of habitations with population 1000 or more unserved within a distance of 5 km has decreased from 436 in 1973 to 272 in 1978.
Gujarat The State has elementary stage consisting of classes I-VII, information in respect of which was included in the primary stage at the time of the Third Survey. Therefore, it is not possible to give a comparative picture. In 1978, only a small fraction of 8.20% of habitations remained unserved by middle sections within 5 km. The percentage of population served within this distance is 96.77, including 71.71 % served in their own habitations of residence. There are 99 habitations with population 1000 or more that still remain to be served within 5 km.
Haryana 85.06% of habitations catering to 91.53% of population was served by a middle section within 5 km in 1973. These percentages have increased respectively to 92.79% and 96.78%. The percentage of population served in their own habitations of residence has registered a slight increase from 43.16 to 46.78. The number of unserved habitations with population 1000 or more has decreased from 247 to 95 including one with population 5000 or more, 17 in the population slab '2000-4999' and the remaining in the population range '1000-1999'.
Himachal Pradesh A large proportion of population in the State lives in small habitations. This may be the reason why only a small fraction (13.31%) of population is served in their own habitations. In fact there is a slight decline in the proportion of population served in their own habitations which stood at 14.48% at the time of the Third Survey. But the percentage of population served within 5 km has increased from 80.18% to 88.73%. In terms of habitations, the percentage of habitations served within 5 km has increased from 70.23 to 80.42. There is only one habitation with population between '1000- 1999' that still remains to be served within this distance.
Jammu & Kashmir The percentage of rural habitations served within 5 km has increased from 81.16 in 1973 to 85.70 in 1978 with corresponding increase in the percentage of population served from 90.16 to 93.09. There is a modest increase in the percentage of population served in their own habitations from 30.71% to 32.60% during the period. There is only one unserved habitation in the population slab '1000-1999' compared to 19 of them found during the Third Survey.
Karnataka. According to the Third Survey 89.13% of habitations accounting for 92.85% rural population were Served by middle sections within a distance of 5 km. This percentage has increased to 92.27 in 1978 with the corresponding population percentage becoming 95.71. The percentage of population served in their own habitations of residence has slightly increased from 49.65 to 51.36. The number of habitations with a population of 1000 or more unserved within 5 km has reduced from 379 to 213 during this period. According to the present data there is one habitation with more than 5000 population and 17 habitations with population
60 FOURTH ALL-INDIA EDUCATIONAL SURVEY
ranging from '2000-4999' that still remain to be served. The remaining 195 unserved habitations are in the population slab '1000- 1999'.
Kerala At the time of the Third Survey, 59.70% of the population was served in their own habitations of residence while this percentage stands now at 59.40. The percentage of population being served by middle sections within 5 km was 97.19 during 1973. The position remained almost the same with a modest increase in the percentage of habitations served from 94.13 to 95.89. The number of unserved habitations with population 5000 or more has decreased from 17 at the time of the Third Survey to 8 now. While the number of those in the population slab '2000-4999' has increased from 66 to 96. However, the number of unserved habitations in the population slab '1000-1999' has decreased from 86 to 78 during the period.
Madhya Pradesh The percentage of population served in their own habitations of residence. has increased from 15.78 to 24.1 from the time of the Third Survey to the Fourth Survey. Population served within 5 km has increased during this period from 72.1 % to 82.8% with corresponding increase in the percentage of habitations served from 62.39 to 72.76. Twenty-five habitation. in the population slab '2000-4999' and 890 in the slab '1000-1999' were unserved within 5 km at the time of the Third Survey; their number now is 5 and 462, respectively.
Maharashtra The rural population served in their own habitations of residence has increased slightly from 55.66% to 56.50% during the period under consideration. About 95.59% of the population in 90.64% of rural habitations is served within 5 km now compared to corresponding percentages which stood at 92.10 and 86.02 respectively at the time of the Third Survey. The Number of unserved habitations in the population slab '2000-4999' has increased by 1 from 8 in 1973, while the number of unserved habitations in the population slab '10000-1999' has decreased from 266 to 207 during the period.
Manipur The percentage of habitations served within 5 km has increased from 47.38 to 59.03 during the five year period 1973-78 with corresponding increase in the population catered from 74.05% to 82.72%. The percentage of population served in their own habitations of residence has increased from 32.77 to 38.62. The number of unserved habitations with population 1000-1999 has decreased from 12 to 9.
Meghalaya There is a phenomenal increase in the proportion of habitations served within 5 km which has increased from 32.51 % in 1973 to 63.50% in 1978 with corresponding increase in the population served from 40.93% to 71.00%. The percentage of population served in their own habitations has not registered an appreciable increase. This percentage which was 15.20 in 1973 became 15.73 in 1978. This may be because of the geographical condition in the State resulting in a large proportion of small habitations. Only one in every 16 habitations has population 500 or more. There are just 3 habitations in the population slab '1000-1999' that stand still unserved. Their number in 1973 was 17. Though it is not possible to cover a large proportion of population in their own habitations we find that the State has made big strides in providing educational facilities at the middle stage to rural population.
Nagaland About half (50.74%) of the rural population is served by middle sections in their own habitations which shows a considerable improvement over 30.26% which was the percentage in 1973. In all 79.53%, of population is served by middle sections within 5 km an improvement from 64.41% of such population in 1973. The number of unserved habitations with population 1000 or more which stood at 20 in 1973 has reduced by one only. There are two habitations in the population slab '2000-4999' that still remain unreserved.
Orissa At the time of the Third Survey 62.03% of habitations were served by middle sections within 5 km catering to 74.86% rural population. These percentages at the time of Fourth Survey stood at 80.28 and 90.51, respectively. The percentage of population served in their own habitations increased from 15.06 to 27.01. The number of unserved habitations with population 1000 or more has decreased from 250 to 77 (including 3 in the population slab '2000-4992') during the five year period.
Punjab A large percentage of population lives in bigger habitations. At the time of the Third Survey 91.09% of population was served by middle sections with 5 km.
EDUCATION AT MIDDLE STAGE 61
According to present data 97.73% habitations are being served. The rural population served has increased from 94.67% to 98.78%. Further 36,61% of population was served by middle sections in their own habi- tations in 1973; this has increased to 44.45 now. The number of unserved habitations with population '1000 or more' has considerably decreased from 166 in 1973 to 39 in 1978. These include 4 unserved habitations in the population slab '2000-4999'.
Rajasthan The percentage of rural habitations served by middle sections within 5 km has increased from 65.80 to 75.68, but the percentage of population served has increased from 76.09 to 79.94 only. The percentage of population served in their own habitations has almost remained static. All the 23 habitations with population 5000 or more that were unserved in 1973 are served now. The number of unserved habitations in the population slab '1000-1999' has decreased from 1,001 to 871 while those in the slab '2000-4999' has increased from 123 to 126.
Sikkim The State was not part of the country at the time of the Third Survey. Habitations are smaller in size. About 3.82% of habitations have middle sections in them catering to 7.7% of rural population in their habitations of residence. Percentages of habitations and population served within 5 km are 66.62 and 63.85, respectively
Tamil Nadu The percentage of habitations served within 5 km has increased slightly from 87.76 to 90.71 with corresponding increase in rural population served from 92.06 to 94.49 during the five year period, 1973-78. The proportion of rural population served in their own habitations has slightly decreased from 31.01% to 29.8%. The number of habitations in the population slabs '5000 & above' '2000-4999' and '1000-1999' that still remain unserved has decreased from 11,83 and 466 to 1,37 and 267, respectively.
Tripura At the time of Third Survey, 59.02% of habitations with 80.77% or rural population were served by middle sections within 5 km while these percentages now stand at 66.29 and 84.19. The proportion of population served in their own habitations has increased from 15.35% in 1973 to 19.79% in 1978. The number of unserved habitations in the population slab '1000-1999' has decreased from 7 to 5 during this period.
Uttar Pradesh Middle schools/sections catered to 84.00% of habitations within 5 km covering 84.47% of rural population in 1973 while according to present data 90.96 of habitations with 92.52% of population are covered in 1978. But the percentage of population served in their own habitations has slightly increased from 15.39 to 17.33. While there were two unserved habitations each with population 5000 or more in 1973, there is no such unserved habitation now. The number of unserved habitations in the population slabs '20004999' and '1000- 1999' have reduced from 159 to 131 and 1,063 to 875, respectively during the five-year period.
West Bengal 82.71% of habitations were served within 5 km in 1973 while their percentage stands now at 91.36. In terms of population the percentage of rural population served has increased from 85.57 to 93.71 during these five years. At the time of Third Survey, 21.18% of rural population was served within the habitation; this percentage now stands at 25.39. The number of unserved habitations with population '5000 or more has increased from 10 to 22 during this period. This may be due to phenomenal increase in the number of habitations of this size. Their number has increased from 261 to 409 during the five year period 1973-78. But the number of unserved habitations in the population slabs '2000-4999' and '1000-1999' has reduced from 252 to 181 and 833 to 458, respectively.
Union Territories In A & N Islands 62.73% population was served by middle sections within 5 km in 1973 while this percentage stands at 66.17 now. The percentage of population served within the habitation has increased from 25.06 to 33.38. About one-third (32.55%) of rural population in Arunachal Pradesh is being served now within 5 km compared to 15.47% served in 1973. Chandigarh, Delhi, Goa, Daman & Diu, Lakshadweep and Pondicherry have the distinction of catering to whole of their rural population. In Dadra & Nagar Haveli 87.58% of rural population is served by middle sections within 5 km. In Mizoram 70.38% of the rural population is being served now. There is only one unserved habitation in A & N Islands and it is in the population slab '1000-1999' ; while there are 27 unserved habitations in Arunachal Pradesh (4 in popula- tion slab '2000-4999 and 23 in population slab '1000-1999') and 5 in Mizoram (all in the population slab '1000-1999'). There are no unserved habitations in other Union Territories.
62 FOURTH ALL-INDIA EDUCATIONAL SURVEY
STATEMENT 6.7
Unserved habitations with population 1000 or more
Number of unserved habitations in the population slab
SI. State/
No. Union Territory 5000 2000- 1000-
& above 4999 1999
1 2 3 4 5
1. Andhra Pradesh 3 152 969
2. Assam 1 30 97
3. Bihar - 35 237
4. Gujarat - 7 92
5. Haryana 1 17 77
6. Himachal Pradesh - - 1
7. Jammu & Kashmir - - 1
8. Karnataka 1 17 195
9. Kerala 8 96 78
10. Madhya Pradesh - 5 462
11. Maharashtra - 9 207
12. Manipur - - 9
13. Meghalaya - - 3
14. Nagaland - 2 17
15. Orissa - 3 74
16. Punjab - 4 35
17. Rajasthan - 126 871
18. Sikkim - - -
19. Tamil Nadu 1 37 267
20. Tripura - - 5
21. Uttar Pradesh - 131 875
22. West Bengal 22 181 458
23. A & N Islands - - 1
24. Arunachal Pradesh - 4 21
25. Chandigarh - - -
26. Dadra & Nagar Haveli - - -
27. Delhi - - -
28. Goa, Daman & Diu - - -
29. Lakshadweep - - -
30. Mizoram - - 5
31. Pondicherry - - -
All-India 37 856 5059
EDUCATION AT MIDDLE STAGE 63
6.3.1 Overall position Percentage of habitations with population 500 or more, which are served by middle sections up to 3 km distance is between 90 and 95 in Gujarat, Jammu & Kashmir and Punjab. The States where these percen- tages range between 85 and 90 are Bihar, Himachal Pradesh, Kerala, Maharashtra, Manipur, Orissa and Tripura. In Assam and Karnataka it ranges between SO and 85. The States where 75 to 80 per cent of habitations with population 500 and more are served within 3 km are Haryana, Tamil Nadu and West Bengal. In Meghalaya, Nagaland and Uttar Pradesh, between 70 and 75 per cent of rural habitations are served by middle sections within 3 km of distance. These percentages in the remaining States range from 50.98% in case of Sikkim to 67.37% in case of Madhya Pradesh. Among Union Territories, Chandigarh, Dadra & Nagar Haveli, Delhi, Goa, Daman & Diu, Lakshadweep and Pondicherry almost all habitations with population 500 or more are served by middle sections within 3 km distance. In Arunachal Pradesh percentage of such habitations stands at 42.11 in A & N Islands at 69.74 and in Mizoram at 71.90.
Bigger unserved habitations merit immediate attention. The number of unserved habitations with population 5000 or more is 37 in the country according to the present survey while number of unserved habitation in the population slabs '2000-4999' and '1000-1999' is 856 and 5,059, respectively. Of the 37 unserved habitations with population 5000 or more, 22 are in West Bengal, 8 in Kerala, 3 in Andhra Pradesh and one each in Assam, Haryana, Karnatka and Tamil Nadu. The maximum number of 181 unserved habitations in the population slab '2000-4999' exist in West Bengal followed by 152 in Andhra Pradesh, 131 in Rajasthan, 96 in Kerala, 37 in Tamil Nadu, 35 in Bihar, 30 in Assam, 17 each in Haryana and Karnataka, and 9 in Maharashtra.
Since the State is committed to provide free and compulsory education on universal basis up to class VIII it is imperative that all these classes are provided, especially in bigger habitations. It is found that classes I-VIII are found in 3,123 (70.86%) habitations out of the total of 4,407 in the population slab '5000 & above'. Only 43.55% of the habitations in the population slab '2000-4999' have these classes in them while the percentage of such habitations in the population slab '1000-1999' is just 17.4. As we go down to lower slabs of population this percentage decreases. It will be worthwhile for the States to try to provide complete set of classes for a particular stage in place of incomplete schools in bigger habitations. This would possibly curb drop-out rate as pupils prone to drop out from the school system do so when there is no provision for continuing their education after the last class in the school.
6.4 Schooling facilities in rural habitations predominantly
populated by Scheduled Castes There are 69,038 habitations, that is, 7.16% of the total number of habitations in the country, that are predominantly inhabited by Scheduled Castes. Though only 2,479 habitations among them are served by middle sections in them catering to 12.92% of population of these habitations, we find that only 8,011 habitation accounting for 8.72% of the population are still unserved by a middle section within 5 km. It is heartening to note that about three-fourth (74.14%) of the population is being served within a distance of 3 km.
The percentage of population served in their own habitations of residence ranges from 3.45 in case of Uttar Pradesh to 45.48 in case of Kerala. States like Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Gujarat, Jammu & Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Orissa, Punjab, Tamil Nadu and West Bengal serve more than 70% of population of these habitations by a middle section within a distance of 3 km. The percentage of population served within this distance ranges from 32.39 in case of Sikkim to 69.20 in case of Uttar Pradesh among remaining States.
Arunachal Pradesh serves 21.16% of population within 3 km, while Chandigarh, Dadra & Nagar Haveli, Delhi and Goa, Daman & Diu serve the entire population of habitations predominantly inhabited by Scheduled Castes. Pondicherry serves 70.66% of population within this distance of such habitations. The remaining Union Territories do not have any habitations of the type.
More than 90% of a population of the habitations predominantly inhabited by Scheduled Castes is being served by a middle section within 5 km in Assam, Bihar, Gujarat, Haryana, Jammu & Kashmir, Karna- taka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Punjab, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura and West Bengal. The percentage of population served within this distance ranges from 74.13 in case of Rajasthan to 89.89 in case of Uttar Pradesh among the remaining States.
On the whole we find that 91.28% of population
64 FOURTH ALL-INDIA EDUCATIONAL SURVEY
of these habitations in the country is served within 5 km; 74.14% within 3 km and 12.92% in their own habitations of residence.
6.4.1 Population, slab 5000 & above' Out of 57 habitations in this slab, 38 have educational facility at this stage in them. In all 52 have facility at middle stage within 3 km while 55 have within 5 km. Thus only two habitations remains unserved. In terms of population, 70% of population in these habitations is served in their own habitations of residence, while 96.89% of population is served within 5 km criteria.
6.4.2 Population slab '2000-4999' Out of 801 habitation in this slab, 390 catering to about half (50.38%) of the population are served in them. Only 25 habitations accounting for 2.93% of population are not served within 5 km.
6.4.3 Population slab '1000-1999' There are 3,242 habitations in this slab. Only 722 habitations accounting for 23.54% of population are served within the habitation. We find that 3,023 habitations accounting for 93.43% of population in this slab are being served by middle sections within 5 km.
6.4.4 Population slab '500-599' Out of 9,059 habitations in the slab, 623 accounting for 7.14% of the population have a middle section within the habitation. But it is encouraging to note that 6,569 habitations accounting for 71.56% of rural population are served within 3 km while 90.80% of the population is served within 5 km. Only 803 habitations remain unserved.
6.4.5 Population slab 'below 500' Only 706 habitations in this slab, out of a total of 55,879, are served within the habitation by a middle section. However, 89.21% of the population living in such small habitations is served by a middle section within 5 km distance.
STATEMENT 6.8
Villages according to proportion of Scheduled Castes population and existence of middle
schools/sections
percentage of Scheduled Castes Number of villages Number of villages Percentage of
in the villages having facility for villages having
middle stage facility for
middle stage
1 2 3 4
Zero 1,68,077 14897 8.86
1-25 2,80,366 66051 23.55
26-50 88268 12755 14.45
51-75 23435 1647 7.02
More than 75 13068 638 4.88
Total 573214 95988 16.74