Note : Figures within parentheses indicate percentages.
Like some primary schools, there are a few Middle Schools too, without any teacher. Of such schools 258 are in rural areas and 6 in urban areas. It is important to note that in rural areas 15 schools have 7 or 8, eight schools have 9 to 12 and one school has to the extend of 13 to 16 sanctioned posts, but no teacher was working in those schools. In urban areas the position was slightly better, as out of the schools without teachers, only one school has 7 to 8, two have 5 to 6, one has 3 to 4, and the remaining two have 1 to 2 sanctioned posts. Further, in rural areas there are 13 schools with 9 to 12 and one school with 13 to 16
STATEMENT 8.7
Rural middle schools according to posts sanctioned and teachers In position
Posts Teachers in schools
sanctioned Zero 1-2 3-4 5-6 7-8 9-12 13-16 17-20 More than 20 Total
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
1-2 174 5949 229 18 18 13 1 - - 6402
3-4 35 1394 20690 496 64 11 13 - - 22703
5-6 25 369 2373 22084 443 90 17 1 - 25402
7-8 15 38 330 1936 16431 321 17 1 - 19089
9-12 8 36 44 309 1237 12810 110 25 3 14582
13-16 1 10 1 4 31 258 2936 110 2 3353
17-20 - 3 3 5 1 17 202 1139 18 1388
More than 20 - - 4 6 - 6 17 58 1170 1261
Total 258 7799 23674 24858 18225 13526 3313 1334 1193 94180
126 FOURTH ALL INDIA EDUCATIONAL SURVEY
working teachers, respectively, but all these schools have maximum two posts sanctioned in each. Besides these, there are 11 schools with 9 to 12 and 13 with 13 to 16 working teachers, but they have only 3 to 4 sanctioned posts in each respectively. Important to mention are two schools having 17 to 20 working teachers, but there are only 5 to 6 in one and 7 to 8 sanctioned posts in the other. Similarly there are many schools with more posts sanctioned but less teachers working. Amongst such schools, there are 36 schools with 9 to 12 and ten schools with 17 to 20 sanctioned posts but all these schools have only 1 to 2 working teachers in each. Further, it is interesting to mention that there are four schools with 3 to 4 and six schools with 5 to 6 working teachers, but each of the above schools has more than 20 sanctioned posts.
In urban areas also the data reveals many interesting facts. There are 12 schools having more than 20 teachers working in each, but of these, one has 3 to 4, three have 7 to 8, four have 9 to 12 and remaining four schools have 13 to 16 sanctioned posts in each respectively. Further, in another 27 schools 5 to 6 posts in each are sanctioned, but each has as many as 9 to 12 working teachers. Also, there are three schools with 7 to 8 and 11 schools with 9 to 12 sanctioned posts but all these have 17 to 20 teachers working in each. On the contrary, there are many schools having. more posts sanctioned but less teachers working. Among such schools, there are 25 schools with only one or two working teachers but of these, six have 7 to 8 posts, seven have 9 to 12 posts, six have 13 to 16 posts, two have 17 to 20 posts and remaining four have more than 20 posts sanctioned in each. Another seven schools have 17 to 20 sanctioned posts but two of these have only 5 to 6 and five have 7 to 8 teachers working in each of them. Important to note in this, category are eight schools with more than 20 sanctioned posts but three of these have 7 to 8 and five have 9 to 12 working teachers in each.
STATEMENT 8.8
Urban middle schools according to posts sanctioned and teachers in position
Posts Teachers in schools
sanctioned
Zero 1-2 3-4 5-6 7-8 9-12 13-16 17-20 More than 20 Total
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
1-2 2 238 29 7 4 - - - - 280
3-4 1 62 1318 49 13 4 - - 1 1448
5-6 2 30 177 1957 98 27 2 1 - 2294
7-8 1 6 31 193 2388 129 5 3 3 2759
9-12 - 7 5 22 228 4298 104 11 4 4679
13-16 - 6 - 4 29 175 2568 74 4 2860
17-20 - 2 4 2 5 14 117 1548 79 1771
More than 20 - 4 4 - 3 5 8 76 2033 2133
Total 6 355 1568 2234 2768 4652 2804 1713 2124 18224
TEACHERS 127
8.2.2 Teachers working There are 8,33,676 sanctioned posts in middle schools of which 97.71% (8,14,559) are filled. These constitute 27.70% of the total teachers working in the country at school stage. Of the middle school teachers 5,95,631 (73.13%) are in rural schools. Urban schools have more posts filled (99.48%) than the rural schools (97.07%). Managementwise, schools run by government have maximum teachers (38.91%) followed by local body schools (37.42%), private aided schools (18.63%) and lastly the private unaided schools (5.04%). Also, the government schools have maximum vacant posts as only 95.970% posts are filled, while this percentage in local body, private aided and private unaided schools is 98.72, 98.98 and 99.30, respectively.
Amongst the States, Assam is the only State which has more teachers working than the sanctioned posts, there being 100.92% filled posts. Next is Tripura with 100% posts filled. Among Union Territories, Lakshadweep has reported 107.69% posts filled and Chandigarh and Dadra & Nagar Haveli have 100% posts filled. Further, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Tamil Nadu, Goa, Daman & Diu and Mizoram have more than 99% posts filled. Besides these, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, Punjab, West Bengal and Pondicherry also have above 97.71% posts filled which is the all-India percentage of filled posts. The remaining States and Union Territories have reported less than 97.71% posts filled, the maximum being in Arunachal Pradesh (97.38%) and the minimum in Delhi (94.27%) in this group.
STATEMENT 8.9
Posts sanctioned and teachers working in middle schools according to management
Management Rural Urban Total Management
Sanctioned Working Sanctioned Working Sanctioned Working wise % of
Teachers
Working
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Government 258650 246865 71601 70061 330251 316926
(95.44) (97.84) (95.97) (38.91)
Local body 238719 233848 70029 70944 308748 304792
(97.95) (101.30) (98.72) (37.42)
Private aided 99266 98173 54066 53609 153332 151782
(98.89) (99.15) (98.98) (18.63)
Private unaided 16985 16745 24360 24314 41345 41059
(98.58) (99.81) (99.30) (5.04)
Total 613620 595631 220056 218928 833676 814559
(97.07) (99.48) (97.71) (100.00)
Note : Figures within parentheses indicate percentages w.r.t. sanctioned posts in each category.
8.2.3 Scheduled Caste, and Scheduled Tribe and part-time teachers
There are only 6.96% and 3.53% teachers belonging to Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, respectively in the middle schools in the country. Schools in rural areas have more such teachers in terms of percentage i.e. 7.48% (SC) and 4.2% (ST) than urban schools with the corresponding percentages 5.55% and 1.50%, respectively.
There are only 0.62% (5,044) teachers working on part-time basis. Schools in urban areas have more such teachers (0.79%) than schools in rural areas (0.56%). A very negligible number of teachers belonging to SC/ST are working on part-time basis and such teachers are more in rural schools than in urban schools.
128 FOURTH ALL-INDIA EDUCATIONAL SURVEY
STATEMENT 8.10
SC/ST Teachers in middle schools
Area All teachers S.C. teachers S.T. teachers
Full- Part- Total Full- Part- Total Full- Part- Total
time time time time time time
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Rural 592303 3328 595631 44301 270 44571 25446 35 25481
(99.44) (0.56) (7.48) (4.27)
Urban 217212 1716 218928 12092 67 12159 3280 7 3287
(99.21) (0.79) (5.55) (1.50)
Total 809515 5044 814559 56393 337 56730 28726 42 28768
(99.38) (0.62) (6.96) (3.53)
Note: Figures within parentheses indicate percentages w.r.t. respective areas.
Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu and the Union Territory of Pondicherry have reported more than 6.96% SC teachers which is all-India percentage of such teachers. There are no SC teachers in Nagaland and Lakshadweep; and Manipur, A & N Islands, Goa, Daman & Diu and Mizoram have less than 1% such teachers. The rest of the States and Union Territories have between 1.88% to 6.18% such teachers, the minimum 1.88% being in Meghalaya and the maximum 6.18% being in Punjab.
As regards teachers belonging to Scheduled Tribes, Haryana, Jammu & Kashmir, Punjab, Chandigarh and Pondicherry have no such teachers while Mizoram has 95.75% such teachers. Further, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Lakshadweep, Manipur, Dadra & Nagar Haveli and Sikkim have reported 86.61% 80.51%, 59.52%, 32.88%, 27.23% and 19.78% such teachers respectively. Besides, Assam, Bihar, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, Tripura and Arunachal Pradesh have below 10% but above 3.53% (which is all-India percentage) of such teachers. The remaining States and Union Territories have less than 3.53% such teachers, the minimum being in Goa, Daman & Diu (only one teacher i.e. 0.09%) and maximum being in Maharashtra (3.46%) in this group.
8.2.4 Tenure of service of teachers There are 73.61% teachers permanent in middle schools. The schools in urban areas have more such teachers (77.63%) than the schools in rural areas. (72.13%). In urban areas, teachers working in private aided schools have more security of job than their counterparts working in schools managed by other agencies. Percentage wise, private aided, local body, government and private unaided schools have 83.92%,. 78.37%, 77.70% and 61.36% permanent teachers, respectively. In rural areas, government schools have maximum permanent teachers (75.48%), followed by local body (72.21%), private aided (65.26%) and lastly the private unaided (61.75%) schools. Thus it is observed that teachers working in private unaided, schools both in urban and rural areas have relatively less sericurity of job than teachers working in other schools.
TEACHERS 129
STATEMENT 8.11
Management-wise teachers according to tenure of service in middle schools
Management
Rural Urban Total
Permanent Non-permanent Permanent Non-permanent Permanent Non-Permanent
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Government 186316 60549 54439 15622 240755 76171
(75.48) (24.52) (77.70) (22.30) (75.97) (24.03)
Local body 168882 64966 55596 15348 224478 80314
(72.21) (27.79) (78.37) (21.63) (73.65) (26.35)
Private 64077 34096 44985 8624 109062 42720
aided (65.26) (34.74) (83.92) (16.08) (71.86) (28.14)
Private 10339 6406 14917 9397 25256 15803
unaided (61.75) (38.25) (61.36) (38.64) (61.52) (38.48)
Total 429614 166017 169937 48991 599551 215008
(72.13) (27.87) (77.63) (22.37) (73.61) (26.39)
Note. Figures within parentheses indicate percentages w.r.t. total teachers in each category.
8.3 Teachers in Secondary Schools
8.3.1 Teachers in position and sanctioned posts There are 36,675 secondary schools of which 26,506 (72.27%) are in rural areas. Among these schools, 93.52% (34,295) have the same number of working teachers as the number of sanctioned posts. Another 5.11% (1,875) schools have less teachers and remaining 1.37% (505) have more teachers working in them than the sanctioned posts. In terms of percentage, more schools (94.60%) in rural areas have equal number of working teachers and sanctioned posts than urban schools (90.68%). But, there are relatively more schools in urban areas having less teachers working than the sanctioned posts (6.39%) compared to rural areas (4.62%). Also there are more schools in urban areas with more teachers working in them than the sanctioned posts, their percentage being 2.93 compared to rural schools in which this percentage is only 0.78.
Further, it is observed that both in rural and urban areas, many schools have less number of posts sanctioned but the number of teachers actually working in them is more. For example, in rural areas there are five schools with 10 or less sanctioned posts but having more than 15 working teachers in them. Another 29 schools have more than 20 working teachers in each, but having less sanctioned posts. There are another 145 schools where on an average 5 teachers are more than the sanctioned posts. On the other hand there are 57 schools having only 5 or less working teachers in each but having between 11 to 20 sanctioned posts. Another 134 schools have more than 20 sanctioned posts in each but they have less working teachers. Further, in 844 schools on an average there are 5 teachers less than the sanctioned posts. In all 2,973 (11.22%) schools in rural areas have more than 20 sanctioned posts but actually in 2,868 (10.83%) schools more than 20 teachers are working.
130 FOURTH ALL-INDIA EDUCATIONAL SURVEY
STATEMENT 8.12
Secondary schools according to posts sanctioned and teachers in position
Schools Rural Urban Total
Having equal number of sanctioned 25074 9221 34295
posts and teachers in position (94.60) (90.68) (93.52)
Having more sanctioned posts than 1225 650 1875
the number of teachers in position (4.62) (6.39) (5.11)
Having more teachers in position 207 298 505
than the number of sanctioned posts (0.78) (2.93) (1.37)
Total 126506 10169 36675
(100.00) (100.00) (100.00)
Note: Figures within parentheses indicate percentages.
STATEMENT 8.13
Rural secondary schools according to posts sanctioned and teachers in position
Teachers in schools
Posts sanctioned Upto 6-10 11-15 16-20 21-25 26-30 31-40 41-50 More Total Percentage
in schools 5 than 50
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Upto 5 1910 37 7 1 - - - - - 1955 7.38
6-10 164 9272 57 4 2 - 1 - - 9500 35.84
11-15 45 479 8229 51 2 1 1 - - 8808 33.22
16-20 12 7 201 3028 20 - 1 - 1 3270 12.34
21-25 2 1 7 102 1140 6 - - - 1258 4.75
26-30 2 - - 7 50 480 3 - 1 543 2.05
31-40 3 - - 1 3 41 407 3 1 459 1.73
41-50 3 - - - - 1 17 303 2 326 1.23
More than 50 - 6 - - - - 1 22 358 387 1.46
Total 2141 9802 8501 3194 1217 529 431 328 363 26506 100.00
Percentages (8.08) (36.98) (32.06) (12.05) (4.59) (2.00) (1.63) (1.24) (1.37) (100.00)