INTRODUCTION
Educational Planners, Administrators and various Research Workers in the field of education have been finding it difficult to get different types of Educational Statistics in a single publiction giving overall picture in the filed of educa- tion. Besides, to evaluate the performance of educational system and to formulate programme, time series data may prove very useful. The present publication covers important statistics in the field of Education and related sectors. Various types of data available in - this publication are explained below for the benefit of the users of this publication.
1. Demographic Data Tables 1.1 to 1.12 give data on area, population, density and important vital statistics viz. birth rate, death rate and natural growth rate. Distribution of population by religion and data on language groups have also been given. All India population estimates for the total population and for the age groups 6-11 years, 11-14 years, 14-17, 14-15 & 16-17 years for the period 1971-2000 have been included in these tables. These estimates have been supplied by the Registrar General's Office. Statewise estimated population in the age groups 6-10, 11-13, 14-15 & 16-17 for the years 1985, 1990, 1995 & 2000 have been added in this addition. Data relating to area, population, density, religion and languages have been taken either from the published data by the Registrar General's Office or have been made available by them for use by the Mini- stry.
2. Literacy Tables 2.1 to 2.7 give data which has been compiled on the basis of published "Census of India 1971 & 1981--Social and Cultural Tables". Literacy rates for total population, sexwise and for different age groups have been given. Literacy rates separately and for rural urban areas have also been given in these tables.
3. Institutions and Enrolment Tables 3.1 to 3.8 (b) give the number of institutions by type ad enrolment by stages. AD India time series data for the period 1950-51 to 1984-85 as well as Statewise data for the period 1970-71 and 1980-81 have been given. Institutions and enrol-
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ment for professional education have been given only for slected types viz. Agricultural and Forestry, Engineering, Technology and Architecture, Medicine, Veterinary Science and Teachers Training.
4. School Teachers. Bables 4.1 to 4.5 give number of teachers by type of school i.e., Primary, Middle and High/Higher Secondary Schools, trained teachers and percentage of trained teachers to total number of teachers. Time series data for All-India for different type of schools has also been given.
5. Expenditure on Education Tables 5.1 to 5.8 give expenditure on education for different types of institutions. Break-up of the total expedi- ture by sources has also been given. Direct expenditure on education has been given for All India and Statewise. Budgeted expenditure on education, Statewise and Sectorwise, have been given for the year 1983-84 to 1985-86. This has been done with a view to present the growth during the Fifth Plan Period. Percentage of budgeted expenditure on educa- tion to total budget have been given for all the States/UTs during the period 1981-82 to 1985-86.
6. Higher Education Tables 6.1 to 6.10 give detailed statistics relating to higher education viz. institutions, enrolment, teachers, subject- wise enrolment and the distribution of teaching staff according to designation for the years 1980-81 to 1984-85. Table No. 6 - 10 indicates universities offering correspondence courses. names of courses and their enrolment. It may be mentioned here that the statistics relateting to higher education as collected by UGC, may not tally with the corresponding statistics collected and published by the Ministry of Human Resource Development and reported in this publication under the heading "Institutions and Enrolment" i.e. tables 3.1 to 3.8 because of difference in concepts and definitions and the methods of collection by the two organisations.
7. Technical Education Tables 7.1 to 7.3 give information on number of institutions, intake capacity, actual admissions made and out- turn in respect of (i) Degree Holders and (ii) Under Graduates in Technical Education.
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8. School Buildings and Libraries Tables 8.1 to 8.5 give information regarding the. availability of school buildings in the country for Primary, Middle, Secondary and Higher Secondary Schools. Distribution of schools according to type of accommodation as classi- fied into Pacca, Semi Kaccha, Kachha, Thatched huts, tents, open space and the shortage of rooms at various stages are given. Number of schools having library facilities has also been given.
9. Selected Indicators in Education Tables 9.1 to 9.11 throw light on the developments in the field of Education and measure the impact of Educa- tional System in India with the help of some useful Indices. The Indices used have been explained below,
(i) Index of Enrolment Growth (base Year 1960-61 = 100)
Enrolment at stage i for a year
Index of Enrolment Growth at Stage i = ----------------------------------------------x100
Enrolment at stage i for 1960-61
(ii) Gross Enrolment Ratio
This is a very important index for measuring the efficiency of the Educational System. It measures about what per-
centage of the total population in the relevant age-group is being covered by the various educational programmes being run
in the country.
Enrolment at stage i
Gross Enrolment Ratio at stage i = -------------------------------------- X 100
Population in the age group
corresponding to the ith stage
Various stages are Primary (Classes I--V), Middle (Classes VI-VIII) and High/Higher Secondary (ClassesIX-XI/XII).
The corresponding age-groups for the stages are 6-11 years, 11-14 years and 14-17 years respectively. Therefore we may define
Gross Enrolment Ratio for primary stage (I-V) as follows :
Total Enrolment in classes I-V
Gross Enrolment Ratio at Primary = ----------------------------------------- X 100
stage (Classes I-V) Total Population in the age-group
6-11 years.
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(iii) Students Flow Statistics
Table 9.5 gives information about the movement of students enrolled in class I to higher classes (Up to class VIII) and give the retention ratios in different classes as measured from the cohort year. By cohort year we mean the number of student studying in class I during a particular year. These statistics are useful for Educational Planning as these measure the extent of drop-outs and stagnation for different classes (I-VIII) during. the period.
(iv) teacher Pupil Ratios
It is defined as the average number of students per teacher for a particular type of school e.g.
Total Enrolment in Primary Schools
Teacher Pupil Ratio for Primary = ----------------------------------------------------------
Total number of Teachers in Primary Schools
(v) Average Annual Cost per Student
This index gives an idea about the average expenditure incurred for Gnu; student for a particular type of institution. While calculating this index only direct expenditure on institutions has been taken into account. Indirect expenditure which consists of expenditure incurred on direction, inspection, buildings, furniture, scholarships, hotels and other miscellaneous items has not been taken into account as these items can not be apportioned to each type of institution. For example average annual cost for Primary Schools will be defined as:--
Total Direct (Recurring) Expenditure on Primary Schools
Average Annual cost per Student = --------------------------------------------------------------------
for Primary Schools total Enrolment in Primary Schools.
(vi) Extent of Coverage -or Co-efficient of Elitya for SC/ST
This index quantifies the share of Scheduled Caste/Scheduled Tribes population enrolled at i Fe r example for Primary stage, Extent of coverage for Scheduled Caste population is defined as follows
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Percentage enrolment of SC/ST to total enrolment
Extent of Cow rage for SC/ST at Primary Stage = ---------------------------------------------------- X 100
Percentage of SC/ST population to total
population
(vii) Average number of Primary, Middle and High/Higher Secondary Schools per laks of Population
This index measures the availability of schooling facilities in States as compared to its population which is defined as
follows :-
Number of Primary Schools
Average number of Primary = -------------------------------------------------- X 1,00,000
Schools per lakh of Population Total population
10. Plan Statistics on Education. Tables 10.1 to 10.4 given plan statistics i.e. Outlay and expenditure data on education for I, II, III, IV, V and the VIth Plans Sectorwise outlay and expenditure and the percentage of plan expenditure to total expenditure have been given in these tables.
11. Labour Employment and Unemployment Statistics Tables 11.1 to 11.5 statistics on employment in Public Sector, unemployment data as measured with the num- ber of applicants on live register, educational composition of work seekers. Statistics of unemployed teachers by quali- fications have been collected from the office of the DGE and T. Time series data on employment by qualifications have also been given.
12. Miscellaneous Statistics Tables 12.1 to 12-11 give useful statistics in the filed of education and allied fields like number of foreign students studying in India and Indian students going abroad, participation of students in NSS. International comparison of enrol- ment ration, expenditure on education as measured in terms of percentage of GNP and literacy rates, National Income and State Domestic Products and Comprison of Plan outlay in different sectors of National Economy have been given.
CONTENTS
Page
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i-viii
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-40
1. DEMOGRAPHIC DATA
Table 1.1 Growth of population-All India 1901-1981 . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. . . . . . . . . 3
" 1.2 Estimated population in Age Groups--6-11, 11-14 and 14-17 years-All India :1971-1991 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
" 1.3 Population Estimates-States and Union Territories: 1971-1981 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Statewise population in the age groups 6-10,11-13,14-15 & 16-17 years from 1985 to 2000
" 1.4 (a) Age group 6 to 10 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
" 1.4 (b) Age group 11 to 13 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
1.4 (c) Age group 14-15 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
" 1.4 (d) Age group 16-17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
" 1.5 Birth Rate, Death Rate and Natural Growth Rate in India :-1901-1984 . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . 24
" 1.6 Estimated Annual Birth and Death Rates in India : States and Union Territories : 1981 and 1984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
" 1.7 Educational Levels in India : 1981 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
" 1.8 Density, Sex Ratio and Literacy Rate, All India :1901-1981 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 32
Page
Table 1.9 Area and Variation in Density States and Union Territories 1971 & 1981 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
" 1.10 Sex Ratio-States and Union Territories : 1971 & 1981 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
" 1.11 Age Distribution of Population in India : 1981 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
" 1.12 Population by Religion : 1981 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
" 1.13 Number of Persons speaking different Languages (inclusive of mother tongues ground under each) as
specified in Schedule VIII of the constitution of India 1971 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
2. LITERACY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41-66
Table 2.1 Literacy Rate-State and Union Territories 1961, 1971 & 1981 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 42
" 2.2 Effective Literacy Rates-States and Union Territories : 1971 to 1981 46
" 2.3 -Literacy Position of Different Age Groups and by Sex in 1971 & 1981-India 48
" 2.4 Literacy Position of the population in the Age Group 15-35 by. Sex and Urban/Rural Areas in 1971 &
1981-India
" 2.5 Statewise Literacy position of the Adult Population aged 15 and over in 1971 & 1981 51
" 2.6 Statewise Literacy Position in the Age Group 15-35 in 1981 54
" 2.7 State-wise Literacy Position in the Age-Group 15-35 in Rural and Urban Areas in 1981. 58
3. INSTITUTIONS AND ENROLMENT 67-120
Table 3.1 Growth of Recognised Institutions (Selected Type,.) in India, during 1950-51 to 1984-85 68
" 3.2(a) State-wise Number of Educational Institutions in India 1970-71 and 1979-80 72
Table 3.2(b) State wise Number of Professional Educational institutions-Selected Types (Pre-Degree level)- Page
1970-71 and 1979-80 - - - - - 76
" 3.2(c) State wise Number of Professional Education Institutions-Selected Types (Degree and Above 80
Standard)-1970-71 and 1979-80
" 3.3 Stage-wise and Sex-Wise Growth of School Enrolment in India during 1950-51 to 1984-85 84
" 3.4(a) Enrolment by Stages and Sex for General Education (School level) in States and Union Territories
1970-71
" 3.4(b) Enrolment by Stages and Sex (School level) for General Education in States and Union Territories
1979-80 92
" 3.5 Enrolment by classes and Sex in States and Union Territories 1970-71 and 1979-80 96
" 3.6 Growth of Enrolment for General Education by Courses/Stages (Collegiate Standard) 1950-51 to
1984-85 110
" 3.7(a) Enrolment by Stages for General Education (Collegiate Standard) States and Union Territories
1970-71 112
" 3.7(b) Enrolment by Stages for General Education (Collegiate Standard) States and Union Territories
1979-80 114
" 3.8(a) Enrolment in Professional, Education (Graduates and Post-Graduate) States and Union Territories
1970-71 116
" 3.8(b) Enrolment in Professional Education (Graduates and Post-Graduate) States and Union Territories:
118
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