HIGHER SECONDARY EDUCATION
The Education Commission (1964-66) made an emphatic recommendation about the introduction of a uniform pattern of school education in all States and Union Territories (the 10+2 structure). All except two- Mizoram and Nagaland-have by now implemented this pattern. In these two States the +2 stage of education is not a part of School Education but is a part of Higher Education. The importance of higher secondary stage of education as a terminal stage for a large number of the student population as also a feeder stage to professional education cannot be underscored. Therefore, in the Fifth All-India Educational Survey an assessment of educational facilities at this stage has been attempted separately. It was treated as part of the data at the secondary stage in the Fourth Survey.
7.1 Schooling Facilities at Higher Secondary Stage in Rural
Habitations 7.1.1 In all the States and Union Territories, Classes XI and XII constitute the Higher Secondary Stage. The situation was not the same when the Fourth Survey was conducted. At that time in many States Classes IX to XI constituted the composite secondary as well as higher secondary stage. The Third Survey had brought forward statistics which showed that 4,100 (0.43%) habitations out of 9,49,967 were served by a higher secondary or equivalent stage within habitation, which meant coverage of only 2.4% of the rural population. As regards habitations served within eight kilometres, it was observed that 2,99,221 (31.5%) habitations, covering 33.91% of the rural population, were served by such institutions. The Fourth Survey revealed that 4,718 (0.49%) out of 9,64,664 habitations were served by institutions with higher secondary classes within them covering 2.78% rural population. Within a radius of eight kilometres the facilities for schooling at the higher secondary stage were available in 3,52,539 (36.55%) habitations which catered to 41.08% of the total rural population.
As per the present survey the higher secondary institutions are available in 8,940 (0.91%) habitations out of 9,81,864 in rural areas. The population covered by the facilities for schooling at the higher secondary stage in the rural areas of the country thus comes to 4.18%. Within a distance of eight kilometres, however, the facilities are available in 4,49,703 (45.80%) habitations, which means coverage of about 5 1 % of the rural population.
STATEMENT 7.1
Habitations in Different Population Slabs and with Higher Secondary
Institutions
Distance Habitations having Higher Population served by Higher
Slab Secondary Sections Secondary Sections
Number % Population %
1 2 3 4 5
Within the Habitation 8940 0.91 24824395 4.18
0.1 to 2 km 76870 7.83 49580940 8.35
2.1 to 4 km 126193 12.85 79540437 13.40
4.1 to 6 km 132460 13.49 83686201 14.10
6.1 to 8 km 105240 10.72 64912859 10.94
Sub-total(within 8 km) 449703 45.80 302544832 50.97
More than 8 km 532161 54.20 291015478 49.03
TOTAL 981864 100.00 593560310 100.00
74 FIFTH ALL-INDIA EDUCATIONAL SURVEY
7.1.2 Habitations served by Facilities for Higher Secondary
Education in Population Slabs There are 6,407 habitations in the population slab "5000 and above" and 1,563 of these are having the facilities within them and they cater to 25.89% of the population in the slab. As regards the facilities within eight kilometres, it has been found that 3,957 habitations (61.76%) have the facilities serving 61.05% population in the slab. In the population slab "2000-4999", however, 2,493 and 23,686 habitations are served within them and within eight kilometres, respectively, catering to 7.02% and 54.29% of the rural population in the slab.
STATEMENT 7.2
Habitations and Population In Rural Areas In Various Population Slabs
served by Higher Secondary Sections within them or within a Distance
of 8 km
Population No. of Habitations Col. 3 % of Habitations Col. 6 % of Population
Slab Habitations served as % Population served as % Col. 2 served by Higher
within them of Col. 2 served by within Secondary Sections
Higher Secondary 8 km within 8 km
sections within
Habitation
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
5000 and above 6407 1563 24.39 25.89 3957 61.76 61.05
2000- 4999 44072 2493 5.66 7.02 23686 53.74 54.29
1000- 1999 110619 1517 1.37 1.45 56273 50.87 50.77
500- 999 197389 1114 0.56 0.58 97507 49.40 49.58
Below 500 623377 2253 0.36 0.33 268280 43.04 45.75
TOTAL 981864 8940 0.91 4.18 449703 45.80 50.97
The habitations in the slab "1000 to 1999" which have the facilities within them are 1,517 serving only 1.45% of the population in the slab, while 56,273 (50.87%) habitations in the slab have the facilities within eight kilometres serving 50.77% of the rural population in the slab.
As regards the slab "500-999", it is observed that 1,114 (0.56%) out of 1,97,389 habitations have the facilities within them, thus covering only 0.58% of the rural population in the slab. Furthermore, 97,507 (49.40%) habitations serving 49.58% of the rural population in the slab have the facilities within a radius of eight kilometres. In the population slab "Below 500" there are 6,23,377 habitations and of these only 2,253 (0.36%) have the facilities within them and 2,68,280 (43.04%) have the facilities within eight kilometres. The former cater to 0.33% and the latter to 45.75% rural population, respectively.
7.1.3 Habitations Not Served Even after four decades of planning in the country, it is observed that more than 54% habitations do not have access to
STATEMENT 7.3
Habitations in Rural Areas not served by Higher Secondary Education Facilities either within them
or within a Distance of 8 km
Population No. of Habitations Habitations not Col. 3 as Percentage of Habitations
Slab in the Slab served by Higher In the Not served by In the Rural Areas
Secondary Sections Slab Higher Secondary (col. 31 total of
within them or Col. 312 Sections within of Col. 2)
within 8 km them or within
8 km (Col. 31
total of Col. 3)
1 2 3 4 5 6
5000 and above 6407 2450 38.24 0.46 0.25
2000- 4999 44072 20386 46.26 3.83 2.08
1000 -1999 110619 54346 49.13 10.21 5.53
500- 999 197389 99882 50.60 18.77 10.17
Below 500 623377 355097 56.96 66.73 36.17
TOTAL 981864 532161 54.20 100.00 54.20
HIGHER SECONDARY EDUCATION 75
higher secondary education within eight kilometres (this percentage was 63.45 as per the Fourth Survey). These unserved habitations have about 49% of the rural population in the country.
STATEMENT 7.4
Population in Rural Areas not served by Higher Secondary Sections either within Them or within a
Distance of 8 km
Population Population Population Col. 3 as Percentage of Population
Slab of Habitations not served by
in the Slab Higher Secondary In the slab Not served by In the Rural Areas
Sections within (Col. 31 Higher Secondary (Col. 3/total
the habitations or Col. 2) Sections within of Col. 2)
within 8 km then or within
8 km (Co. 31
total of Col. 3)
1 2 3 4 5 6
5000 and above 48736794 18983274 38.95 6.52 3.20
2000- 4999 125035849 57154434 45.71 19.64 9.62
1000 -1999 150688462 74189525 49.23 25.49 12.50
500 - 999 138285986 69719673 50.42 23.96 11.75
Below 500 130813219 70968572 54.25 24.39 11.96
TOTAL 593560310 291015478 49.03 100.00 49.03
7.2 Facilities for Higher Secondary Education in Habitations
Predominantly Populated by Scheduled Castes There are 77,780 habitations predominantly populated by the Scheduled Castes in the country. Of these, only 452 (0.58%) have schooling facilities at the higher secondary stage within them and 40,838 of them (52.50%) have an access to it within a distance of eight kilometres, catering to 1.70% and 57.95 % rural population, respectively.
STATEMENT 7.5
Habitations predominantly populated by Scheduled Castes, Their
Population and Availability of Higher Secondary Education Facilities
Distance Habitations having Higher Population served by
Slab (in km) Secondary Sect ions Higher Secondary Sections
No % No %
1 2 3 4 5
Within the Habitation 452 0.58 541627 1.70
0.1 to 2 km 7596 9.77 3619854 11.39
2.1 to 4 km 11956 15.37 5255707 16.54
4.1 to 6 km 11893 15.29 5161962 16.24
6.1 to 8 km 8941 11.49 3839481 12.08
Sub-total(within 8 km) 40838 52.50 18418631 57.95
More than 8 km 36942 47.50 13366965 42.05
TOTAL 77780 1 00.00 31785596 100.00
7.2.1 Habitations in Different Population Slabs The number of habitations having higher secondary education facilities within them has increased from 89 (as per the Fourth Survey) to 452 according to the Fifth Survey. About the availability of such facilities within a walking-distance of eight kilometres it is observed that the number of habitations has increased from 30,953 to 40,838, respectively.
There are 91 habitations in the population slab "5000 and above" and of these only 21 (23.07%) have the facilities within them, covering 27.01% rural population in the slab. In all, 71 (78.02%) habitations have the facilities within a walking-distance of eight kilometres serving 78.40% rural population in the slab. In
76 FIFTH ALL-INDIA EDUCATIONAL SURVEY
the slab "2000-4999" there are 1,360 habitations of which 54 (3.97%)have the facilities within them and 879 (64.63%) habitations have an access to the facilities within eight kilometres. These habitations serve 4.41 % and 64.52% of the rural population in the slab, respectively.
STATEMENT 7.6
Habitations predominantly populated by Scheduled Castes and Percentage of Their Population In Rural
Areas In Different Population Slabs and Availability of Higher Secondary Education Facilities
Population No. of Habitations Col. 3 as Habitations Col. 5 % of % of
Slab Habitations served by % of served by as % of Population population
Higher Secon- Col. 2 Higher Secon- Col. 2 served by served by
dary Sections dary Sections Higher Higher
within them within them or Secondary Secondary
within 8 km Sections Sections within
within the the Habitation
Habitation or within
8 km
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
5000 and above 91 21 23.07 71 78.02 27.01 78.40
2000 -4999 1360 54 3.97 879 64.63 4.41 64.52
1000- 1999 5311 10 51.98 3274 61.65 2.01 61.80
500 -999 13038 83 0.64 7499 57.62 0.60 57.09
Below 500 57980 189 0.33 29115 50.22 0.26 53.16
TOTAL 77780 452 0.58 40838 52.50 1.70 57.95
In the population slab" 1000-1999" there are 5,311 habitations of which 105 (1.98%) and 3,274 (61.65%) habitations have the facilities within them and within a distance of eight kilometres and the percentage of the rural population in the slab served by these habitations is 2.01 and 61.80, respectively. In the slab "500-999" there are 13,038 habitations of which 0.64% and 57.62% habitations have the facilities within them and at a distance up to eight kilometres, serving 0.60% and 57.09% rural population in the slab. Of the 57,980 habitations having population "Below 500", 189 and 29,115 have the facilities within them and within eight kilometres and they serve 0.26% and 53.16% rural population in the slab, respectively.
7.2.2 Habitations Not Served There are 36,942 (47.50%) habitations predominantly populated by the Scheduled Castes with a population of 1,33,66,965 which are not served by higher secondary education facilities up to eight kilometres.
STATEMENT 7.7
Habitations In Rural Areas predominantly populated by Scheduled Castes and Their Population not
served by Higher Secondary Sections either within them or within a Distance of 8 km
Population No of Unserved Habitations and Their Population
Slab
Total % against Total Total Population % of Population in
Habitations in of Habitations Col. 4 against Total
the Slab of Col. 2 not Population in the
served within 8 km Slab
1 2 3 4 5
5000 and above 20 21.98 125804 21.60
2000 -4999 481 35.37 1277876 35.48
1000- 1999 2037 38.35 2712630 38.20
500 -999 5539 42.38 3853500 42.91
Below 500 28865 49.78 5397155 46.84
TOTAL 36942 47.50 13366965 42.05
HIGHER SECONDARY EDUCATION 77