7.3 Higher Secondary Education Facilities in Habitations
predominantly populated by Scheduled Tribes The number of habitations predominantly populated by the Scheduled Tribes is 1,64,129 having a total population 4,94,49,246. The facilities exists only in 368 (0.22%) habitations within them, covering only 1% of such population while the facilities up to eight kilometres are available in 33,646 (20.50%) habitations, catering to 26.56% population.
STATEMENT 7.8
Habitations in Rural Areas predominantly populated by Scheduled
Tribes, Their Population, and Availability of Higher Secondary
Education Facilities
Distance Habitations having Higher Population served by
Slab (in km) Secondary Classes Higher Secondary Classes
No. % Population %
1 2 3 4 5
Within the Habitation 368 0.22 494819 1.00
0.1 to 2 km 4132 2.52 1793123 3.63
2.1 to 4 km 8190 4.99 3280093 6.63
4.1 to 6 km 10997 6.70 4087877 8.27
6.1 to 8 km 9959 6.07 3476462 7.03
Sub-total 33464 20.50 13132374 26.56
(within 8 km)
More than 8 km 130483 79.50 36316872 73.44
TOTAL 164129 100.00 49449246 100.00
7.3.1 Habitations in2 Different Population Slabs In the population slab "5000 and above" there are 71 habitations of which only 14 (19.72%) have the facilities within diem, serving 18.81% rural population in the slab. The number of habitations served up to eight kilometres is 40 (56.34%) which provide the facilities to 51.73% of the population in the slab. Of the 1,007 habitations in the slab "2000-4999", 64 (6.36%) have the facilities within them which are available to 7.18% population in the slab while up to eight kilometres the facilities are available in 416 habitations representing 42.97% of the population in the slab. As regards the habitations with population 1000-1999, it is observed that of 5,317 habitations 84 (1.58%) and 1,793 (33.72%), respectively, covering 1.69% and 34.89% of the rural population in the slab, have the facilities within them and within a distance of eight kilometres respectively. The position of the other two slabs is shown in Statement 7.9.
STATEMENT 7.9
Habitations predominantly populated by Scheduled Tribes and Percentage of Their Population In Rural
Areas in Different Population Slabs, and Availability of Higher Secondary Education Facilities
Population No. of Habitations Col. 3 as Habitations Col. 5 % of % of
Slab Habitations served by % of served by as % of Population population
Higher Secon- Col. 2 Higher Secon- Col. 2 served by served by
dary Sections dary Sections Higher Higher
Within them within them or Secondary Secondary
within Sections Sections within
8 km within the the Habitations
Habitations or within
8 km
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
5000 and above 71 14 19.72 40 56.34 18.81 51.73
2000 -4999 1007 64 6.36 416 41.31 7.18 42.97
1000 -1999 5317 84 1.58 1793 33.72 1.69 34.89
500 - 999 19965 93 0.47 5699 28.54 0.51 28.95
Below 500 137769 113 0.08 25698 18.65 0.10 20.91
TOTAL 164129 368 0.22 33646 20.50 1.00 26.56
78 FIFTH ALL-INDIA EDUCATIONAL SURVEY
7.3.2 Habitations Not Served Habitations predominantly populated by the Scheduled Tribes and not covered by the higher secondary education facilities within a distance of eight kilometres are 1,30,483 in number, having a rural population of 3,63,16,872, their respective percentages being 79.50 and 73.44 with respect to respective totals.
STATEMENT 7.10
Habitations in Rural Areas predominantly populated by Scheduled Tribes whose Population
is not served by Higher Secondary Sections either within Them or within a Distance of 8 km
Population Slab No. of Unserved Habitations and Their Population
Total % against Total Total Population % of Population in
Habitations in of Habitations Col. 4 against Total
the Slab of Col. 2 not Population in the
served within 8 km Slab
1 2 3 4 5
5000 and above 31 43.64 223800 48.27
2000 -4999 591 58.69 1560455 57.03
1000 -1999 3524 66.28 4502336 65.11
500 - 999 14266 71.46 9532258 71.05
Below 500 112071 81.35 20498023 79.09
TOTAL 130483 79.50 36316872 73.44
7.4 Analysis of Higher Secondary Education Facilities in
Different States There are eight States and five Union Territories having the facilities for more than 50% rural population within a distance of eight kilometres. The States are Assam (61.00%), Goa (59.55%), Gujarat (55.04%), Jammu and Kashmir (54.30%), Tamil Nadu (69.58%), Tripura (72.39%), Uttar Pradesh (72.35%) and West Bengal (72.40%). The Union Territories where more than 50% population is served by schooling facilities at the higher secondary stage within a distance of eight kilometres are Andaman and Nicobar Islands (65.52%), Chandigarh (100%), Daman and Diu (81.24%), Delhi (99.26%), and Pondicherry (86.54%). In the country as a whole 50.97% rural population is served by the facilities within eight kilometres (Statement 7. 1). Some important statistics about each State are being discussed here.
Andhra Pradesh Andhra Pradesh has 57,583 habitations of which only 533 (0.93%) have the facilities within them, covering 5.1 1 % of the population. Further, there are 21,439 (37.23%) habitations having the facilities within eight kilometres, serving 42.62% of the rural population. Of the 5,081 habitations predominantly populated by the Scheduled Castes, 28 (0.55%) and 2,020 (39.76%) have the facilities within them and within eight kilometres, and these habitations respectively cover 3.08% and 46.90% of the population of the 5,081 habitations. As regards habitations predominantly populated by the Scheduled Tribes, it is observed that out of a total of 11,306 habitations, 10 (0.09%) and 1674 (14.81%) habitations have the facilities within them and within eight kilometres, respectively. The corresponding percentages of the rural population of these habitations covered by the facilities are 0.91 and 23.65.
Arunachal Pradesh There are 3,237 habitations in Arunachal Pradesh of which only 23 and 252 have the facilities within them and within eight kilometres, catering to 7.74% and 18.26% rural population, respectively. Only two habitations are predominantly populated by the Scheduled Castes and both have the facilities within eight kilometres. Further, there are 2,974 habitations predominantly populated by the Scheduled Tribes. Of these only 9 and 214 have the facilities within them and within eight kilometres, serving 2.58% and 12.93% rural population, respectively.
Assam Assam has 31,803 habitations in all, and 269 and 17,827 of these, catering to 1.64% and 61.00% rural population, have the facilities within them and within eight kilometres, respectively. Further, the State has 1,395 habitations with predominantly Scheduled Caste population wherein 12 and 761 with 2.15% and 57.75% population, respectively, have the facilities within them and within eight kilometres. Further, of the 6,075 habitations with predominantly Scheduled Tribe population, 18 and 2,499 habitations have the facilities within them and within a walking distance of eight kilometres, respectively.
Bihar The survey reveals that in Bihar there are 1,02,137 habitations of which 24,160 habitations having 29.71% population are covered
HIGHER SECONDARY EDUCATION 79
by the facilities within eight kilometres, including 108 habitations (0.44% population) having the facilities within them. Amongst the 4,960 habitations with predominantly Scheduled Caste population, 1,048 with 23.53% population and amongst 21,165 habitations having predominant Scheduled Tribe population 2,479 with 14.53% population are served by the facilities within eight kilometres.
Goa There are 2,465 habitations in Goa of which 12 and 1,274 habitations catering to 1.32% and 59.55% population, respectively, are served by the facilities within them and within eight kilometres. Only 17 habitations have predominance of the Scheduled Castes of which none have the facilities within them, and 8 with 48.35% population are served within eight kilometres by the facilities. There is no habitation in the State with predominantly Scheduled Tribe population.
Gujarat Of the 24,390 habitations in Gujarat, 501 with 8.46% and 11,990 with 55.04% population respectively are served within them and within eight kilometres by the facilities. Further, there are 118 habitations with predominantly Scheduled Caste population of which only one with 8.22% of the population and 74 with 66.52% population have the facilities within them and within eight kilometres, respectively. Amongst the 6,310 habitations predominantly inhabited by the Scheduled Tribe population 78 with 3.78% and 2,757 with 49.20% population respectively are served by the facilities within them and within eight kilometres.
Haryana There are 7,577 habitations in Haryana, and 85 and 3,400 of these with 4.41% and 47.64% population, respectively, are served within them and within eight kilometres by the facilities. Further, of the 426 habitations predominantly populated by the Scheduled Castes only one with 1.3 1% and 208 with 50.78% population have the facilities within them and within eight kilometres, respectively The State is without any habitation with predominantly Scheduled Tribe population.
Himachal Pradesh Amongst the 30,678 habitations in Himachal Pradesh, 75 and 7,528 habitations have the facilities within them and within eight kilometres, catering to 1.41 %and 38.03% population, respectively There are 5,594 habitations with predominantly Scheduled Caste population of which 7 and 1,134 have the facilities within them and up to a distance of eight kilometres, respectively. Further, of the 1,826 habitations with predominantly Scheduled Tribe population, four with 2.41% and 203 with 17.39% population are served by the facilities within them and within eight kilometres, respectively.
Jammu and Kashmir There are 14,628 habitations in Jammu and Kashmir of which 84 covering 2.15% population and 5,771 habitations with 54.30% population are having the facilities within them and within eight kilometres, respectively. Of the 966 habitations predominantly populated by the Scheduled Castes, one habitation (with 0.69% population) and 422 habitations (with 60.13% population) are having the, facilities within them and within eight kilometres, respectively. There is no habitation in the State with predominantly Scheduled Tribe population.
Karnataka Of the 41,980 habitations in Karnataka, 475 and 17,457 habitations with 6.17% and 47.29% population, respectively, have the facilities within them and within eight kilometres. The State has 3,072 and 1,014 habitations predominantly inhabited by the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes and 1,306 and 341 of these are served by the facilities within eight kilometres respectively. Further, only one habitation each predominantly inhabited by the Scheduled Caste and the Scheduled Tribe population, respectively, has the facilities within it.
Kerala Kerala has 6,181 habitations in all and 2,556 of these with 43.33% population have the facilities within eight kilometres, including 102 habitations with 3.59% population, which have the facilities within them. There are only seven habitations predominantly populated by the Scheduled Castes of which three have the facilities within eight kilometres but none within them. Further, 25 habitations are predominantly inhabited by the Scheduled Tribe population and eight of these having 14.16% population, are served by the facilities within eight kilometres. None of these also have the facilities with them.
Madhya Pradesh There are 1,06,291 habitations in Madhya Pradesh of which 800 with 4.07% and 36,081 with 40.99% population are served by the facilities within them and within eight kilometres, respectively. Further, of the 4,603 habitations predominantly inhabited by the Scheduled Castes, 13 and 1,987 have the facilities within them and within eight kilometres. They cater to 0.85% and 47.28% population, respectively. Amongst the 44,861 habitations with predominantly Scheduled Tribe population, 110 with 0.75% and 11,283 with 28.01% population, respectively, are served by the facilities within them and within a radius of eight kilometres.
Maharashtra Amongst the 63,728 habitations in Maharashtra, 693 and 20,921 have the facilities within them and within eight kilometres, respectively. The percentage of the population served by these habitations is 7.84 and 41.13, respectively. Further, there are 1,693 habitations predominantly inhabited by the Scheduled Caste population of which only four and 547 with percentages of population 3.67 and 40.35, respectively, are served by the facilities within them and within eight kilometres. There are 10,685
80 FIFTH ALL-INDIA EDUCATIONAL SURVEY
habitations predominantly inhabited by the Scheduled Tribes and 19 with 1.06% and 1,967 with 23.01% population, respectively, have the facilities within them and within a distance of eight kilometres.
Manipur There are 2,614 habitations in Manipur and the facilities are available in only one habitation within itself while 768 habitations, covering 48.63% population, have the facilities within a distance of eight kilometres. Further, of the 39 habitations with a predominant Scheduled Caste population none has the facilities within itself and only 4 have the facilities within eight kilometres. Amongst the 1,396 habitations predominantly inhabited by the Scheduled Tribe population none has the facilities within itself and 129 covering 8.06% of the population have the facilities within a distance of eight kilometres.
Meghalaya Of the 5,337 habitations in Meghalaya, five and 97 serving 0.41 % and 4.61% population, respectively, have the facilities within them and within eight kilometres. There is no habitation in the State with predominantly Scheduled Caste population. All the 5,337 habitations of the State have predominantly Scheduled Tribe population.
Mizoram The higher secondary stage of education is not part of school education in Mizoram, but it is a part of higher education. However, of the 616 habitations in the State only one has the facilities within it and in the remaining 615 habitations with 98.82% population the facilities are available at a distance of more than eight kilometres. Further, all these 616 habitations have predominantly Scheduled Tribe population.
Nagaland In Nagaland also higher secondary education is part of higher education. There are 997 habitations in the State and all have a predominantly Scheduled Tribe population. Of these habitations, only 11 with 2.72% population have the facilities within eight kilometres, including one habitation which has the facilities within itself. It serves only 0.76% of the population.
Orissa There are 69,530 habitations in Orissa and 238 and 18,962 of these, serving 1.35% and 36.04% population, respectively have the facilities within them and within a distance of eight kilometres. Further, of the 4,166 habitations with a predominant Scheduled.Caste population, six and 1360 have the facilities within them and up to a distance of eight kilometres, and they serve 0.26% and 38.78% of the population, respectively. Amongst the 27,876 habitations with a predominant Scheduled Tribe population 10 and 2,557 have the facilities within them and within eight kilometres, respectively.
Punjab Of the 13,492 habitations in Punjab, 6,239 habitations with 46.58% population have the facilities within eight kilometres, including 96 habitations with 2.57% population, which have the facilities within them. There are 1,622 habitations predominantly populated by the Scheduled Castes and 916 of these representing 57.37% population have the facilities within a distance of eight kilometres, including four habitations with 0.98% population, which have the facilities within them. There is no habitation in the State with a predominantly Scheduled Tribe population.
Rajasthan Amongst the 51,764 habitations in Rajasthan, 410 representing 7.44% of the population and 15,574 representing 35.42% of the population, respectively have access to the facilities within them and within a distance of eight kilometres. Further, of the 2877 habitations with a predominantly Scheduled Caste population, only 6 and 829 (with 2.39% and 32.98% population, respectively) are served by the facilities within them and within an eight kilometres radius. Another 9,552 habitations are predominantly populated by the Scheduled Tribes and eight with 0.60% and 2,420 with 28.16% population, respectively, are having the facilities within them and within eight kilometres.
Sikkim There are 1,206 habitations in Sikkim, of which nine and 264 representing 2.02% and 29.42% of the population, respectively, are served by the facilities within them and within eight kilometres. Further, 12 habitations have a predominantly Scheduled Caste population and only three of them with 70.32% population have the facilities within eight kilometres. None of these, however, has the facilities within them. There are 338 habitations with a predominantly Scheduled Tribe population, and four and 65 representing 1.64% and 27.14% of the population, respectively, have the facilities within them and within eight kilometres.
Tamil Nadu Of the 47,392 habitations in Tamil Nadu, 1,582 with 6.72% and 30,410 with 69.58% population, respectively, are having the facilities within them and within eight kilometres. Further, of the 5,445 habitations with a predominantly Scheduled Caste population, 45 and 3,540 representing 3.25% and 69.23% population, respectively are served within them and within eight kilometres. Another 985 habitations are predominantly inhabited by the Scheduled Tribe population and two with 1.03% and 215 with 25.06% population, respectively, are having the facilities within them and within eight kilometres.
Tripura There are 6,300 habitations in Tripura, of which 60 and 3,236 with 3.35% and 72.39% population, respectively, have the facilities within them and within eight kilometres. Further, of the 779
HIGHER SECONDARY EDUCATION 81
habitations predominantly populated by the Scheduled Castes, 614 with 87.37% population have the facilities within eight kilometres, including 12 habitations with 4.45 % population, which have the facilities within them. Another 3,965 habitations are predominantly inhabited by the Scheduled Tribe population. Of these, four and 1,347 with 0.40% and 44.98% population, respectively, are having the facilities within them and within a distance of eight kilometres.
Uttar Pradesh Amongst the 2,28,690 habitations in Uttar Pradesh, 2,100 with 3.42% and 1,60,644 with 72. 35% population, respectively, are having the facilities, within them and within 'a distance of eight kilometres. There are 24,516 habitations with a predominantly Scheduled Caste population, of which 200 and 27,396 serving 1.13% and 69.96% population, respectively, have the facilities within them and within eight kilometres. Further, 756 habitations have predominantly Scheduled Tribe population, and 228 with 37.78% population are served by the facilities within eight kilometres, including four habitations with 0.80% population, which have the facilities within them.
West Bengal There are 59,633 habitations in West Bengal, and 598 and 41,872 of these representing 2.88% and 72.40% of the population, respectively, have the facilities within them and within a distance of eight kilometres. Further, 10,291 and 5,478 habitations are predominantly inhabited by the Scheduled Caste and the Scheduled Tribe population, respectively, and 6,570 with 64.65% and 2,900 with 54. 1 0% of their population, are served up to eight kilometres respectively. None of these habitations is served by the facilities within them.
Andaman and Nicobar Islands The Union Territory of Andaman and Nicobar Islands has 565 habitations, of which 232 with 65.52% population are covered by the facilities within a distance of eight kilometres including 18 habitations with 15.60% population, which have the facilities within them. There is no habitation with a predominantly Scheduled Caste population in the Islands but 154 habitations have a predominant Scheduled Tribe population and of these, 63 with 70.37% population have the facilities within eight kilometres, including four habitations with 12.78% population, which have the facilities within them.
Chandigarh There are 23 habitations in Chandigarh and all have the facilities within eight kilometres, including one with 10.05% population, which has the facilities within itself. Further, there are two habitations with a predominantly Scheduled Caste population and they have the facilities within eight kilometres. There is no habitation with predominantly Scheduled Tribe population.
Dadra and Nagar Haveli Of the 434 habitations in Dadra and Nagar Haveli, 186 with 44.37% population have the facilities within eight kilometres, including two habitations with 0.35% population, which have the facilities within them. There are six habitations with a predominant population of the Scheduled Castes and four of these with 68.43% population have the facilities within eight kilometres. Further, the Union Territory has 419 habitations having a predominant Scheduled Tribe population and 175 of these with 42.82% of the population are served within eight kilometres by the facilities including one habitation with 0.18% population, which has the facilities within itself.
Daman and Diu The Union Territory of Daman ad Diu has 64 habitations and 56 of these representing 81.24% population have the facilities within eight kilometres. Further, four habitations are predominantly populated by Scheduled Castes and three of these with 79.73% population have the facilities within a distance of eight kilometres. Another 12 habitations have a predominant Scheduled Tribe population and all of them have the facilities within a distance of eight kilometres.
Delhi There are 200 habitations in Delhi and 198 of these with 99.26% population have the facilities within eight kilometres, including 51 habitations with 32.23% population having the facilities within them. Only 10 habitations have a predominant Scheduled Caste population and all have the facilities within eight kilometres while no habitation has a predominant Scheduled Tribe population.
Lakshadweep There are only seven habitations in Lakshadweep and only one of these has the facilities within itself, representing 29.62% population, and remaining six habitations have the facilities at a distance of more than eight kilometres. Further, all these habitations have a predominant Scheduled Tribe population.
Pondicherry The Union Territory of Pondicherry has 322 habitations, of which 273 with 86.54% population have the facilities within eight kilometres including six habitations with 5.82% population, which have the facilities within them. There are 77 habitations with a predominant Scheduled Caste population and 67 of these with 84.92% population have the facilities within eight kilometres, including one habitation with 2.03% of the population which has the facilities within itself. There is no habitation with a predominant population of the Scheduled Tribes in the Union Territory.
82 FIFTH ALL-INDIA EDUCATIONAL SURVEY
7.5 Villages with Scheduled Caste/Tribe Population and Higher
Secondary Education Facilities
7.5.1 Facilities for Scheduled Castes The Survey reveals that there are 5,79,148 villages in the country, which is about 1% more than the villages as per the Fourth Survey (5,73,842) and only 7,765 (1.34%) of these have the facilities within them. Out of these villages having the facilities within them, 999 (12.87%) have zero per cent Scheduled Caste population while a majority of the villages, 5,311 (68.40%) to be precise, have between 1% and 25% Scheduled Caste population. If we look at the figures of the villages in groups having 26% to 50%, 51% to 75%, and more than 75% Scheduled Caste population, we find that 1.20%, 0.79% and 0.62% of the villages, respectively, have the higher secondary education facilities within themselves. In all these groups, except the 1% to 25% population group, the percentage of the villages is below the All- India percentage, 1.34%.
STATEMENT 7.11
Villages according to Proportion of Scheduled Caste
Population and Availability of Higher Secondary Education Facilities within Them
Population (in No. Villages having Higher Secondary Education Facilities
Percentage) of
of Scheduled Villages No. of Villages Col. 3 as Col. 3 as
Castes in Villages % of Col. 2 % of Its Total
1 2 3 4 5
Zero 151335 999 0.66 12.87
1 - 25 290268 5311 1.83 68.40
26 - 50 95888 1151 1.20 14.82
51 - 75 26330 209 0.79 2.69
More than 75 15327 95 0.62 1.22
TOTAL 579148 7765 1.34 100.00