FACILITIES
11.1 Libraries A library is an integral component of a school having the potential of promoting the academic growth of pupils. It provides ample opportunities to pupils for developing reading habits. A well- equipped library helps nurture literary and cultural interests among pupils.
In the present survey, an attempt has been made to identify the number of schools having libraries at different school stages, the number of books in the libraries, dictionaries available and information regarding the staff managing the libraries.
STATEMENT 11.1
Schools with Library Facilities
Category Area Total Number Schools having Percentage of Schools
of Schools Libraries having Libraries
Rural 475823 118904 24.99
Primary
Urban 52907 19509 36.87
Total 528730 138413 26.18
Rural 113087 74085 65.51
Upper Primary
Urban 25929 19009 73.31
Total 139016 93094 66.97
Rural 38862 35226 90.64
Secondary
Urban 13698 12144 88.65
Total 52560 47370 90.12
Rural 7316 6783 95.05
Higher Secondary
Urban 8329 7767 93.25
TOTAL 15465 14550 94.08
Out of 7,35,771 schools at various stages of school education, only 2.93,427 (39.88%) have libraries. The corresponding percentage in the Fourth Survey was 42.35. Of the 2, 93, 427 schools, 2,34,998 (80.09%) are in the rural areas and only 58,429 (19.91%) in urban areas. But in terms of the proportion of schools having libraries, it is observed that as against 58%. urban schools having libraries, there are only 37.01% rural schools having them.
136 FIFTH ALL-INDIA EDUCATIONAL SURVEY
STATEMENT 11.2
Schools having Library Facilities according to Management
Management Total Number Schools having Percentage of
of Schools Libraries Schools having Libraries
Government 303747 140499 46.26
Local body 323634 79582 24.59
Private-aided 76075 53107 69.81
Private-unaided 32315 20239 62.63
TOTAL 735771 293427 39.88
According to the management-wise distribution of the facilities, it is found that 1,40,499 (46.26%) institutions under the government, 79,582 (24.59%) under the local bodies, 53,107 (69.81%) private-aided schools, and 20,239 (62.63%) private-unaided schools at all stages of school education have libraries. Thus, it is observed that there are a large number of schools run by the local bodies which are without library facilities.
According to school stages, it is found that 1,38,413 (26.18%) primary schools,93,094 (66.97%) upper primary schools, 47,370 (90.12%) secondary schools,and 14,550(94.08%) higher secondary schools/intermediate/junior/per-university colleges have libraries. The trend, however, indicates that as the level of education rises, library facilities also increase.
STATEMENT 11.3
Stage-wise Schools having Library Facilities according to Management
Category Management Total Number Schools having Percentage of
of Schools Libraries Schools having Libraries
Government 218757 72347 33.08
Local body 273432 51576 18.86
Primary Private-aided 22949 8568 37.33
Private-unaided 13592 5922 43.57
Total 528730 138413 26.18
Government 59487 44232 74.36
Local body 44946 23451 52.17
Upper Primary Private-aided 22658 16691 73.66
Private-unaided 11925 8720 73.12
Total 139016 93094 66.97
Government 19385 18084 93.29
Local body 4920 4240 86.18
Secondary Private-aided 22426 20241 90.26
Private-unaided 5829 4805 82.43
Total 52560 47370 90.12
Government 6118 5836 95.39
Local body 336 315 93.75
Higher Secondary Private-aided 8042 7607 94.59
Private-unaided 969 792 81.73
TOTAL 15465 14550 94.08
FACILITIES 137
11.1.1 Primary Schools.
While there are 5,28,730 primary schools, only 1,38,413 (26.18%) of them have library facilities. Of these, 1,18,904 (85.90%) are in rural areas and 19,509 (14.10%) in urban areas. In terms of proportion of schools having these facilities, 36.87% urban schools have library facilities whereas this proportion for the rural schools is only 24.99.
According to management of schools, it is found that 72,347 (33.07%) institutions under the government, 51,576 (18.86%) under the local bodies, 8,568 (37.33%) private-aided schools, and 5,922(45.57%) private-unaided schools have library facilities.
Thus, it is observed that the highest proportion of schools having libraries is found among private-unaided schools. This indicates that there are a Large number of government institutions, institutions run by the local bodies, private-aided institutions, and private-unaided institutions that are still without library facilities.
STATEMENT 11.4
Primary Schools According to Number of Books In Libraries In Rural and Urban Areas
Area Schools Percentage Schools having Number of Books Schools
having of having
Libraries Schools up to 50 51-100 101-200 201-500 More Dictionaries
than 500
Rural 118904 24.99 61009 26522 18721 9970 2682 23921
(51.31) (22.30) (15.74) (8.38) (2.25) (20.12)
Urban 19509 36.87 4590 4111 4034 3800 2974 7408
(23.52) (21.07) (20.68) (19.48) (15.25) (37.97)
TOTAL 138413 26.18 65599 30633 22755 13770 5656 31329
(47.39) (22.13) (16.44) (9.95) (4.09) (22.63)
Note : Figures within parentheses indicate Percentages with respect to row totals under column 2
In a majority of these schools, 96,232 (69.52%), the total number of books available in the school library is below 100 and in 36,525 (26.39%) schools, the number of books is between 101 and 500. Only 5,656 (4.09%) schools have more than 500 books in the library, The survey figures reveal that a majority of the primary schools in rural areas have smaller libraries than their counterparts in urban areas. In rural areas, however, 51.31 % of the schools have books up to 50 as against 23.52% in urban areas. However, the proportion of schools having more than 500 books in the library is much higher in urban schools (15.24%) than in rural schools (2.25%).
STATEMENT 11.5
Primary Schools According to Number of Books In the Library under Various Managements
Management schools Schools having Number of Books Schools
having having
Libraries up to 50 51-100 101-200 201-500 More Dictionaries
than 500
Government 72347 37171 16016 11093 6488 1579 16788
(51.68) (22.14) (15.33) (8.97) (2.18) (23.20)
Local body 51576 24042 11135 8586 5128 2685 7883
(46.61) (21.59) (16.65) (9.94) (5.21) (15.28)
Private-aided 8568 3102 2100 1691 1046 629 3859
(36,30) (24.51) (19.74) (12.21) (7.24) (45.04)
Private-unaided 5922 1284 1382 1385 1108 763 2799
(21.68) (23.34) (23.39) (18.71) (12.88) (47.26)
TOTAL 138413 65599 30633 22755 13770 5656 31329
(47.29) (22.13) (16.44) (9.95) (4.09) (22.63)
Note : Figures within parentheses indicate percentages with respect to row totals under column 2
138 FIFTH ALL-INDIA EDUCATIONAL SURVEY
According to the management-wise distribution, private-unaided schools, of which 12.88% have over 500 books in the library, are the. best placed in this respect and the government schools are the worst placed, with only 2.18% of such schools which have more than 500 books in their libraries.
As regards dictionaries, only 38% of urban primary schools have dictionaries in their libraries whereas the corresponding percentage for rural schools is just 20. When we consider this aspect management-wise, it is observed that the private-aided and private- unaided schools with libraries have dictionaries in more than 45% of the schools whereas only 15.28% local body schools have dictionaries.
11.1.2 Upper Primary Schools
Out of 1,39,016 upper primary schools 93,094 (66.97%) have libraries. The percentage of upper primary schools having a library (66.97%) is much higher than that of primary schools (26.18%). The percentage of the schools having libraries in the rural areas is
65.51 as against 73.31 in urban areas.
STATEMENT 11.6
Upper Primary Schools according to Number of Books in the Library In Rural and Urban Areas
Area Schools Percentage Schools having Number of Books Schools
haying of having
Libraries schools up to 50 51-100 101-200 201-500 More Dictionaries
than 500
Rural 74085 65.51 17552 17592 20825 11255 6861 38643
(23.69) (23.75) (28.11) (15.19) (9.26) (52.16)
Urban 19009 73.31 2826 3820 5053 3899 3411 12355
(14.87) (20.09) (26.58) (20.51) (17.94) (64.99)
TOTAL 93094 66.97 20378 21412 25878 15154 10272 50998
(21.89) (23.00) (27.80) (16.28) (11.03) (54.78)
Note : Figures within parentheses under columns 4 to 8 indicate percentages with respect to row totals under column 2
An analysis of the figures management-wise shows that libraries are available in the government schools(74.36%), privately managed aided schools (73.66%) and unaided schools (73.12%). The position is far better than in the schools managed by the local bodies (52.18%).
As regards the number of books, in 67,668 (72.69%) schools the total number of books available in libraries is below 500, in 15,154 (16.28%) schools the number is between 501 and 1000 and only in 10,272 (11.03%) schools it is more than 1,000. In rural areas 55,969 (75.55%) schools have libraries with fewer than 500 books, in 11,255 (15.99%) schools the number of books is between 501 and 1000, and only in 6,861 (9.26%) schools more than 1,000 books are available, the respective percentages for urban schools being 61.54, 20.51, and 17.94.
STATEMENT 11.7
Upper Primary Schools according to Number of Books in the Library under Various Managements
Management Schools Schools having Number of Books Schools
having having
Libraries up to 100 101-200 201-500 501-1000 More Dictionaries
than
1000
Government 44232 9035 9776 11811 7517 6093 21847
(74.36) (20.43) (22.10) (26.71) (16.99) (13.77) (49.39)
Local body 23451 5945 5679 6252 3757 1818 10864
(52.18) (25.35) (24.22) (26.66) (16.02) (7.75) (46.33)
Private-aided 16691 3799 3981 5075 2322 1514 12817
(73.66) (22.76) (23.85) (30.41) (13.91) (9.07) (76.79)
Private-unaided 8720 1599 1976 2740 1558 847 5470
(73.12) (18.34) (22.66) (31.42) (17.87) (9.71) (62.73)
TOTAL 93094 20378 21412 25878 15154 10272 50998
(66.97) (21.89) (23.00) (27.80) (16.28) (11.03) (54.78)
Note : Figures within parentheses under columns 3 to 7 indicate percentages with respect to row totals under column 2
FACILITIES 139
Under the category of school libraries having more than 500 books the highest percentage is of the government schools (30.76%), followed by private-unaided schools (27.58%), the local body schools (23.79%), and private-aided schools (22.98%).
As regards dictionaries, only 50,998 (54.78%) school libraries have dictionaries and of these libraries, 38,643 (75.77%) are located in rural areas and 12,355 (24.23% in urban area. in terms of proportion of schools having dictionaries, 52.16% rural schools have dictionaries whereas this proportion for urban schools is 64.99.Management-wise it is found that the highest percentage of libraries having dictionaries is 76.79% of the private-aided schools and the lowest percentage (46.33%) is of the local body school libraries.
STATEMENT 11.8
Secondary Schools according to Number of Books In the Library in Rural and Urban Areas
Area Schools Percentage Schools with Number of Books Schools
having having
Libraries up to 500 501-1000 1001-2000 2001-5000 More Dictionaries
than 5000
Rural 35226 90.64 12987 8393 6985 4823 2038 29222
(36.87) (23.83) (19.83) (13.69) (5.78) (82.96)
Urban 12144 88.65 2919 2808 2446 2175 1796 10475
(24.04) (23.12) (20.14) (17.91) (14.79) (86.26)
TOTAL 47370 90.12 15906 11201 9431 6998 3834 39697
(33.58) (23.65) (19.91) (14.77) (8.09) (83.80)
Note : Figures within parentheses under columns 4 to 8 indicate percentages with respect to row totals under
column 2