MAIN FINDINGS OF THE SURVEY
13.1 Habitations 1. There are 9,81,864 rural habitations in the country located in 5,79,148 inhabited villages with a population of 59 crores.
2. Of the 9,81,864 rural habitations, 16.41 % have a population of 1000 or more. About one-third (33.71%) of these habitations are small-sized with population below 200, including 15.35% with population below one hundred.
3. Habitations with a population of 1000 or more which constitute 16.41 % of the habitations, account for 54.66% population in rural areas. Against this, habitations with population below 200 which constitute about one-third (33.71%) of the habitations, account for only 5.57% of the rural population.
4. On an average each inhabited village has 1.70 habitations.
5. Among the States, Tripura has the highest number of habitations (7.33) per village, followed by Goa (6.15) and Kerala (4.42). Nagaland has one habitation per village. Mizoram, Meghalaya, and Arunachal Pradesh have also almost one habitation per village.
6. Of the rural habitations, 77,780 (7.92%) habitations are predominantly inhabited by the Scheduled Caste population.
7. Of the rural habitations 1,64,129 (16.72%) habitations are predominantly inhabited by the Scheduled Tribes.
13.2 Primary Education 1. 51.16% of the rural habitations in the country are served by primary sections within the habitations of residence, 83.84% up to one kilometre and 94.65% up to two kilometres.
2. 80.38% of the rural population in the country is served within the habitations of residence, 94.45% within one kilometre and 98.51 % within two kilometres.
3. 32,226 habitations with population 300 or more are not served by primary schooling facilities up to one kilometre. Of these, 41 belong to the population slab "5000 and above", 410 to the slab "2000-4999", and 2,328 to the slab "1000-1999".
4. In Gujarat, Haryana, Nagaland, Punjab, Chandigarh, Delhi Lakshadweep, and Pondicherry more than 99% of the rural population is served within a walking-distance of one kilometre.
5. 37.67% habitations predominantly inhabited by the Scheduled Castes are served within the habitations of residence, 81.59% up to one kilometre, and 94.56% up to two kilometres.
6. 66.31% population in the habitations predominantly inhabited by the Scheduled Caste population is served within the habitations of residence, 91.14% within one kilometre, and 97.73% up to two kilometres.
7. 2,776 habitations predominantly inhabited by the Scheduled Castes with a population of 300 or more are unserved up to one kilometre. Of these, 20 belong to the population slab "2000-4999" and 135 to the slab " 1000-1999".
8. 45.43% habitations predominantly inhabited by the Scheduled Tribe populations are served within the habitations of residence, 74.46% up to one kilometre, and 87.60% up to two kilometres.
9. 72.19% population in the habitations predominantly inhabited by the Scheduled Tribe population is served within the habitations of residence, 88.35% up to one kilometre, and 95.00%, up to two kilometres.
10. 3,413 habitations predominantly inhabited by the Scheduled Tribe population and having population of "300 or more" are unserved up to one kilometre. Of these, one habitation belongs to the population slab "5000 and above", seven to the population slab "2000-4999", and 59 to the population slab "1000 to 1999".
11. There are 6,31,308 primary sections in the country, out of which 5,28,730 (83.75%) are independent primary schools. The percentages of primary sections in rural and urban areas are 88.17 and 11.83, respectively.
12. The percentages of primary sections managed by the government, the local bodies, and private-aided and private- unaided agencies are 42.28, 48.94,5.68, and 3.10, respectively.
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13. Out of 5,28,730 independent primary schools, 4,75,823 (90.00%) are in rural areas.
14. The percentage of the primary schools. with enrolment below 100 is 63.98. The corresponding percentages in rural and urban areas are 67.41 and 33.13.
15. The pupil-teacher ratio at the primary stage is 45. It is the highest in Gujarat (61) and the lowest in Sikkim (15).
16. The total enrolment in Classes I-V is 8,59,13,478 out of which girls constitute 40.81%. More than three-fourths (76.59%) of the enrolment is in rural schools.
17. The distribution of enrolment according to school managements is 38.10% for the schools managed by the government, 44.93% for those run by the local bodies, 11.85% in private-aided schools, and 5.12% in private unaided schools.
18. The States of Andhra Pradesh (47.24%), Goa (47.44%), Himachal Pradesh(45.77%), Kerala(48.79%), Maharashtra (45.05%), Manipur (46.13%), Meghalaya (49.74%), Nagaland (47.36%), Punjab (45.58%) and Tamil Nadu (45.97%) are nearly approaching the target of 50% enrolment of girls.
19. The age-specific enrolment ratio for the age-group 6 to below 11 years is 75.89 and for boys and girls it is 86.43 and 64.59, respectively.The corresponding figures for rural and urban areas are 74.82 and 79.54, respectively.
20. Of the total enrolment in Classes I-V, 28.97% are in Class I and the corresponding percentages in Classes II, III, IV, and V are 21.25, 19.07, 16.40, and 14.31, respectively.
21. The percentages of the enrolment of children belonging to the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes in Classes I-V are 17.12 and 7.84, respectively.
22. Girls constitute 38.55% among the Scheduled Castes enrolled in Classes I-V while among the Scheduled Tribes they constitute 38.07%.
23. The total number of new primary schools proposed to be opened on the basis of population and distance criteria is 38,582 which can serve an additional 62,409 habitations.
13.3 Upper Primary Education 1. The percentage of the habitations served with an upper primary school/section within the habitations of residence is 13.1. However, 74% of the habitations have an upper primary school/section either within themselves or within a distance of three kilometres.
2. The percentage of the population served by an upper primary school/section within the habitations of residence is 36.8 and that within a distance of three kilometres is 84.
3. 18,069 habitations (18.4%) with population 1000 or more are not served with an upper primary school /section within a distance of three kilometres, 76% of the unserved habitations have a population under 500.
4. Kerala, which leads in education, serves 94% of its habitations and 96.2% of its population with an upper primary school/section within a distance of three kilometres. The corresponding percentages for Gujarat are 88.7% and 94.4%, for Punjab 88.3% and 92.5%, and for Goa 86.8% and 91.8%
On the other end of the spectrum, the lowest percentages of habitations and population served are the States belonging to north- eastern region viz. Arunachal Pradesh (19.6% and 42.2%), Nagaland (48.9% and 66.4%), Meghalaya (50.6% and 65%), Manipur (57.7% and 80.2%), and Mizoram (57.1% and 82.8%).
5. Out of all the unserved habitations in the country, 48.7% in five States viz, Madhya Pradesh (17.4%), Andhra Pradesh (8.3%),Orissa(8.1%), Bihar(7.7%),and Rajasthan (7.2%). Similarly, 49.2% of the unserved population is accounted for by the five States viz. Madhya Pradesh (14.8%), Andhra Pradesh (10.1%), Bihar (8.5%),West Bengal (8.2%), and Rajasthan (7.6%).
6. 74.4% of the habitations predominantly populated by the Scheduled Castes and accounting for 79.4% of their population are served with an upper primary school/section within a walking-distance of three kilometres.
7. 53% of the habitations predominantly populated by those belonging to the Scheduled Tribes and accounting for 63.9% of their population, are served with an upper primary school/section within a distance of three kilometres.
8. There are 1,87,602 schools having upper primary stage, out of which 77.3% are in rural areas.
9. 69.1% of the schools with upper primary stage are managed by either the government or the local bodies. Another 22.7% are managed by private agencies aided by the government or the local bodies while only 8.2% are managed by private-unaided agencies.
10. The enrolment in Classes VI-VIII is 2,72,72,336, out of which 65% belong to rural areas.
11. The overall percentage of girls in Classes VI-VIII is 35.3. In rural areas the percentage of girls is 31.8.
12. The lowest percentage of enrolment of girls is in Rajasthan (19.7%), followed by Bihar (27.5%), and Haryana (31.3%). The highest percentage of girls at the upper primary stage is in Kerala (49.1%), followed by Mizoram (48.9%), Meghalaya (47.8%), Goa (45.4%) and Nagaland (43.8%).
13. Out of the total enrolment in Classes VI-VIII, 58.3% is in the schools managed by the government or the local bodies and 33.3% in the schools managed by private agencies but aided by the government. The remaining 8.5% is in unaided private schools.
14. The age-specific ratio enrolment in the age-group divided by estimated child therein for the age-group 11 to below 14 years is 51. The age-specific ratio for rural areas is 45 as against 73 for urban areas.
15. The most forward State in respect of age-specific ratio for the age-group 11 to below 14 years is Kerala (86), followed by Tamil Nadu (84), Goa (81), Sikkim (76), and Himachal Pradesh (75).
MAIN FINDINGS OF THE SURVEY 209
The most backward State in this respect is Bihar (31), followed by Andhra Pradesh (35), Uttar Pradesh (40) and Rajasthan (40).
16. The age- specific ratio for girls is the highest in Kerala (86), followed by Goa (77), Sikkim (72), Mizoram (71), and Tamil Nadu (70). The lowest ratio for girls is in Bihar (16), followed by Rajasthan (17), Andhra Pradesh (25), Uttar Pradesh (26), and Orissa (30).
17. Enrolment of the Scheduled Caste population in Classes VI- VIII is 40,06,855, out of which 68.2% is in rural areas. The percentage of the girls belonging to the Scheduled Caste population in these Classes is 31.1.
18. The enrolment of the Scheduled Tribe population in Classes VI-VIll is 13,96,944, out of which 81.2% is in rural areas. The percentage of the girls belonging to the Scheduled Tribe population in these classes is 30.1.
13.4 Secondary Education 1. More than three-fourths (78.92%) of the rural habitations have the secondary education facilities within eight kilometres including 4.43% having the facilities within the habitations themselves.
2. The percentage of the rural population having access to secondary sections within eight kilometres is 86.54, including 17.73% enjoying the facilities within the habitations of residence.
3. In Assam, Bihar, Goa, Haryana, Jammu and Kashmir, Kerala, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, West Bengal, Chandigarh, Daman and Diu, Delhi, Laskshadweep, and Pondicherry more than 90% of the rural population is served by secondary sections within eight kilometers.
4. There are 3,591 habitations with a population of 2000 or more which do not have access to secondary education even within eight kilometres. These include 137 habitations with a population of 5000 or more.
5. Of the 77,780 habitations predominantly inhabited by the Scheduled Caste population, 81.63% are served by secondary sections within eight kilometres, including 2.04% which have such sections within the habitations themselves.
6. 85.58% of the population of those habitations which are predominantly inhabited by the Scheduled Caste population is served by secondary sections within eight kilometres. It includes 6.58% of the population enjoying these facilities within the habitations themselves.
7. Out of 1,64,129 habitations predominantly inhabited by the Scheduled Tribe population, 55.27% have the schooling facilities for secondary education within eight kilometres, including 1.86% having such facilities within the habitations themselves.
8. 63.82% of the population of the habitations predominantly inhabited by the Scheduled Tribes has access to secondary education within eight kilometres, including 6.34% enjoying the facilities within the habitations themselves.
9. The total number of secondary schools in the country is 52,560, of which 38,862 (73.94%) are located in rural areas. The largest proportion of these schools (42.67%) are run by private-aided agencies. The corresponding percentages in the case of the government, local body and private- unaided schools are 36.88, 9.36 and 11.09, respectively.
10. More than three- fourths (77.11%) of the secondary schools are co-educational. The corresponding percentages for rural and urban areas are 85.82 and 52.41, respectively.
11. The number of secondary sections is 67,241, of which 67.94% are in rural areas. Schools having only secondary and upper primary classes constitute the largest proportion (45.27%) of the secondary sections.
12. The largest proportion of secondary sections (44.92%) are in private-aided schools. The government and the local bodies together contribute to 45.25 % of the total number of secondary sections.
13. The total number of children enrolled in Classes IX and X is 1,15,19,996, of which 64,68,750 (56.15%) are in rural schools.
14. The enrolment of girls in these classes is 36,53,112, which is 31.71 % of the total enrolment.
15. More than half (50.19%) of the total enrolment in these classes is in private-aided schools. The corresponding percentage in the case of government, local body and private- unaided schools is 36.45, 6.85, and 6.51, respectively.
16. The enrolment of Scheduled Caste children in Classes IX and X is 15,13,571, of which 9,01,811 (59.58%) pupils are in rural schools. Girls constitute 26.72% of the Scheduled Caste enrolment. Nearly half of the enrolment is in private-aided schools.
17. The number of Scheduled Tribe children enrolled in Classes IX and X is 4,99,522, of which 3,59,022 (71.87%) pupils are in rural schools. Girls constitute 27.49% of the Scheduled Tribe enrolment. The government schools have the largest percentage (46.93%) of the Scheduled Tribe enrolment.
Science Laboratories
18. A majority of the secondary schools (48.13%) have combined laboratories for science subjects. Separate laboratories for these subjects are available in only 12.68% of the schools. The remaining 39.20% of the schools do not have science laboratories at all.
19. More than 95% of the secondary schools in Assam, Manipur, and Tripura do not have any laboratory for science subjects.
20. Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Chandigarh, and Delhi have separate laboratories in more than 30% of their secondary schools. No such laboratories are available in Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Lakshadweep.
21. Goa, Haryana, Jammu and Kashmir, Gujarat, Kerala, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, and Daman and Diu have combined
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laboratories in more than 75% of the secondary schools.
Home Science
22. The number of secondary schools having the provision of teaching Home Science is 3,708, of which only 35.25% have Home Science laboratories.
23. Gujarat, Mizoram, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, and Andaman and Nicobar Islands have laboratories for Home Science in all the schools while no such laboratories are available in any of the schools in Manipur, Nagaland, and Pondicherry.
Guidance Services
24. The provision of guidance service is in only 4,730(9.00%) secondary schools in the country. Delhi has the largest percentage (52.51%) of secondary schools having these facilities. No secondary school in Tripura, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, and Lakshadweep has provision of guidance services.
13.5 Higher Secondary Education 1. 45.80% of the habitations are served by higher secondary sections within a distance of eight kilometres, including 0.91% habitations having the facilities within themselves.
2. 50.97% of the rural population is served within eight kilometres by higher secondary education facilities, including 4.18% population served within the habitations themselves.
3. 52.50% of the habitations predominantly populated by the Scheduled Castes are served by the facilities within eight kilometres including 0.58% having the same within themselves.
4. 57.95% populations of the habitations predominantly inhabited by the Scheduled Castes is served by higher secondary education facilities within eight kilometres including 1.70% population served within the habitations themselves.
5. 20.50% habitations predominantly inhabited by the Scheduled Tribes are served by the facilities within a distance of eight kilometres, including 0.22% having the facilities within themselves.