FINANCIAL ESTIMATES
5.01 The financial estimates involved in the implementation of the programme of vocationalisation of education have been calculated on the basis of norms laid down in the centrally sponsored Scheme of Vocationalisation of Higher Secondary Education or those recommended by NCERT. However, as this programme has been launched recently it is difficult to frame precise financial estimates.
District Vocational Surveys 5.02 The occupational Survey is an essential prerequisite of the programme. It is felt that a sum of Rs. 10,000 per district will be sufficient. Thus the financial requirements would be as under:
(Rs. in lakhs)
Year 1978-79 1979-80 1980-81 1981-82 1982-83
No. of Districts 50 100 100 82 -
Amount 5.00 10.00 10.00 8.20 -
Total-33.20
Number of Schools to be selected 5.03 The whole scheme will have to be implemented in a phased manner depending upon the survey data. To start with, during 1978-79, it is proposed to start vocational studies in 200 schools and to introduce 4 courses in each school with an enrolment of 25 each, so that total enrolment is 20,000. About 2,000 students have already enrolled themselves during the current year and they will be reaching twelfth class during 1978-79. The number of schools and enrolment during the Plan period would be as under:
Year 1978-79 1979-80 1980-81 1981-82 1982-83
Number of schools 230* 630 1030 1500 2000
New Enrolment 23,000 63,000 1,03,000 1,50,000 2,00,000
Total enrolment 25,000 86,000 1,66,000 2,53,000 3,50,000
*includes 30 started during 1977-78.
5.04 Assuming that at least 4 courses are instituted as stated above in each school and they are in one or two major areas of vocations, we may have to invest about Rs. 1,000 per student to meet the salaries of instructional staff and an additional Rs. 250 per student for raw material. Thus we require Rs. 1,250 per student per year. Therefore, the recurring expenditure will be as under:
(Rs. in lakhs)
Year 1978-79 1979-89 1980-81 1981-82 1982-83
Amount 312.5 1075 2075 3162.5 4375
Total- 11,000
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5.05 It is also necessary to make provision for contingent expenditure at about Rs. 10,000 per year per school to meet the cost of stationery, examination, printing, transport facilities for students for on-the-job training etc. The recurring expenditure on this will be :
(Rs. in lakhs)
Year 1978-79 1979-80 1980-81 1981-82 1982-83
Amount 23 63 103 150 200
Total-539
5.06 Since it is also proposed to equip the Polytechnics, ITIs, Para- medical Schools with additional equipment for laboratories and workshops, provision has to be made according to some reasonable norms even though some vocational courses do not need costly equipment and some other may require costly equipment. It is felt that the reasonable average estimate would be Rs. 60,000 per school (Rs. 15,000 per course). In addition to this a sum of Rs. 15,000 per school will be required for the library. In estimating equipment and library cost it is presumed that during the first four years the schools have to be equipped with the required facilities and during the last year some provision has to be made for adding to the equipment and library for the purpose of improvement, up-dating and replacement. An amount of Rs. 2500 per course for library and equipment has been provided. The expenditure for these items will be :
(Rs. in lakhs)
Year 1978-79 1979-80 1980-81 1981-82 1982-83
Equipment 120 240 240 282 300
Library 30 60 60 70.5 75
Replacement &
up-dating - - - - 23
Total-1500.5
New Schools 5.07 In addition to making use of all available facilities and supplementing facilities in 1500 schools, at least 500 new schools may have to be constructed and adequately equipped. Some of these schools should be constructed in the neighbourhood of hospitals for paramedical courses, others for home science, dress making and courses in distributive services. Among these 150 schools must be allotted for paramedical courses. Whenever it is felt necessary hostel facilities should also be provided. On an average for constructing functional buildings an allocation of Rs. 1.5 lakh per school and an equal amount for the hostel is necessary. For equipment and library a sum of Rs. 1.75 lakh per school would be necessary. As Rs. 0.75 lakh has already been provided for this purpose vide para 5.06, an additional amount of Rs. one lakh per new school will be required. Thus non-recurring expenditure for these schools would be :
(Rs. in lakhs)
Year 1978-79 1979-80 1980-81 1981-82 1982-83
No. of schools 30 100 150 150 70
Amount 120 400 600 600 280
Total-2000
Curriculum Development and Teachers' Training 5.08 Curriculum development is an essential ingredient of the whole scheme and the States will have to be supplied with financial support for the purpose. It is, therefore, decided to provide an ad-hoc amount of Rs. 2 lakhs per year per State and Rs. 6 lakhs per year for all the Union
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Territories. For teacher training through short-term programmes of periods up to 1 month and at Rs. 1,000, per teacher the figures have been worked. In arriving at the figures, it is assumed that some percentage of teachers already will have had adequate training. The expenditure on these items will be:
(Rs. in lakhs)
Year 1978-79 1979-80 1980-81 1981-82 1982-83
(i) Curriculum
Development 50 50 50 50 50
(ii) Teachers'
Training 8 24 32 36 20
Total (i) 250
(ii) 120
G. Total 370
Creative Work Centres 5.09 It has been recommended that good creative work centres should be created in district headquarters to encourage hobbies and inventiveness in as many places as is possible. We may allow Rs. 1 lakh per centre for building an equal amount for equipment and tools and an additional raw material grant of Rs. 100 per student. It is expected that students themselves will bring the necessary materials and take the finished products with them. Whenever the raw material is supplied to them, the products would be the property of the centre, which can be sold and the proceeds can be utilised for purchase of additional raw material. The centres require the staff at the rate of one superintendent, 4 technicians (two for each shift), 4 workshop assistants (two for each shift), 2 clerks and 3 watchmen. This would require Rs. 80,000 per year per centre. It is presumed that about 100 students will take advantage of the facilities in the Centre in two shifts. It is desired to open 300 such creative work centres during the plan period in a phased manner. The recurring and non-recurring expenditure on the establishment of these centres will be:
(Rs. in lakhs)
Year 1978-79 1979-80 1980-81 1981-82 1982-83
(i) Building equip-
ment (non-
recurring) 40 80 120 160 200
(ii) Salary of staff
(recurring) 16 48 96 160 240
(iii) Raw material
(recurring) 2 6 12 20 30
Total (i) 600
(ii) 560
(iii) 70
G.Total 1230
Strengthening of Education Department 5.10 It is difficult to visualise the quantum of expenditure on strengthening of the Education Department. However, an ad-hoc amount of Rs. 25 lakhs may be earmarked for this purpose.
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Abstract of Financial Outlay of Plan Period 1978-83
(Rs.in lakhs)
I Vocational Surveys (Non-recurring) 33.20
II Schools (Developed and Converted)
(i) Salary of instructional staff
& raw materials etc. (Recurring) 11,000
(ii) Contingent (Recurring) 539
(iii) Equipment (Non-recurring) 1,182 } 13039.50
(iv) Library (Non-recurring) 295.5
(v) Replacement of Equipment (Recurring) 23
III New Schools (Additional Requirements)
(i) Buildings (Non-recurring) 750
(ii) Hostels (Non-recurring) 750 } 2000.00
(iii) Additional Equipment & Library
(Non-recurring) 500
IV Curriculum Development (Recurring) 250.00
V Teachers' Training (Non-recurring) 120.00
VI Creative Work Centres
(i) Building & Equipment (non-recurring) 600
(ii) Salary of instructors (recurring) 560 } 1230.00
(iii) Raw material (recurring) 70
VII Strengthening of Education Department 25.00
Total 16697.70
(Say about 167 crores)