COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE CBSE SYLLABUS WITH THAT PRESCRIBED BY DIFFERENT STATE EDUCATION BOARDS OF INDIA AND ABROAD
The present study is restricted to syllabi obtained from the State Education Boards (SEBs) of Uttar Pradesh, Manipur, West Bengal, Bihar, Orissa, Rajasthan, Shillong, Haryana, Punjab, Andhra Pradesh & Maharashtra. It was learnt that SEBs of Jammu & Kashmir, Kerala and Himachal Pradesh follow CBSE pattern. Syllabi from other states could not be obtained. Also included in the study is the Commerce Syllabus of National Open School, Delhi at Sec. and Sr. Sec. levels.
Courses are also obtained from certain advanced English speaking countries of the world. Such as from
UK 1. University of London, GCE Examinations both 'O' and 'A' levels, U.K.
2. University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate GCE (Advanced
Level).
3. Midland Examining group, Cambridge, U.K.
Australia 1. University of Queensland, Brisbane.
2. Murdoch University, Western Australia.
3. La Trope University, Melbourne.
4. University of Adelaide, Adelaide.
USA 1. Harward Business Schools.
MBA Programme,
Canada 1. Ottawa Board of Education, Grades 10-OAC.
2. Ministry of Education, Government of Ontario, Canada. Undergraduate
Courses by the Faculty of Commerce and Administration.
3. Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
4. Mount Allison University, Sackwile, Brunswick, Canada.
Newzealand 1. School syllabus in Commerce taught at School Certificate, Sixth form
Certificate, (11th class) and Higher School Certificate/University Entrance
Bursaries Scholarships (XII Class) levels in Newzealand Schools.
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3. Comparative Analysis of Business Studies Syllabus
Unit CBSE Syllabus New/Additional Topics
Class XI
Unit 1 Economic Activities and Commerce and modem civilization,
Business Barter, Evolution of Money.
Business System in India
Meaning of economic activities
and distinction between economic
and non-economic activities
Types of economic activities
Meaning and definition of
Business
Business as an economic Business and human relations
activity.
Range and examples of Human rights legislation
Business activities in business.
Difference between Business
and other economic activities.
e.g. profession and service.
Unit 2 Nature and Purpose of Social needs and business opportunities
Business.
Characteristics of Business Role of business in promoting
Business risks, nature and - career opportunities, healthy
causes. environment, better living, social
Objectives of Business - interest, national image building.
Economic and Social - Entrepreneurship and small business
Role of Profit in Business. innovations.
Concept of Social obligations - Self employment as a career.
Case for social obligations. - external influences on business
Responsibilities towards- activity. (Social, political, legal &
different interest groups. economic pressure group)
Social values and Business - Impact of business activity on society
ethics (Elementary concepts). and environment.
- Air pollution & cost of doing business.
- Need for code of ethics and principles
of competitive business.
- Interdependence of Commerce,
business and direct services.
- Size of firm-economies of scale,
optimum size, extent of market,
government policy.
Business and information Management
Business & change (technical, Social
or political)
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Unit 4 Service Sector and Business
Need and classification of
Service facilities.
Transport
Banking
Insurance
Others (warehousing, packaging,
advertising and sales promotion),
Unit 5 Forms of Business Enterprises Process of establishing, resourcing and
Meaning and types of Business liquidating business enterprises.
undertaking-private sector and
public sector.
Characteristics of public Business system in India
private and joint sector -
enterprises.
Forms of private sector enter- Franchise
prises - General characteristics.
Sole proprietorship - Meaning,
features, merits, limitations
and expansion, Joint Hindu
Family business - Features.
Partnership: Meaning, features,
types of partners, formation
and registration - partnership
deed (Main clauses), merits,
limitations and type of partnership
formation.
Co-operative form of organisation.
Company - meaning, features, merits and limitations.
II CORPORATE ORGANISATION, FINANCE & TRADE
Unit 6 Corporate Organisation
Types of companies-public and
private (examples of each type).
Government Companies (examples)
Privileges of private company.
Rationale of public sector.
Forms of organising public sector
enterprises.
(a) Departmental undertakings;
(b) Statutory corporation;
(c) Government company.
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unit 7 Formation of a Company
Promotion: meaning and role of promoters.
Incorporation of Company:
(a) Memorandum of Association,
Articles of Association
and distinction between the
two documents;
(b) Filing of documents and
registration;
(c) Certificate of incorporation;
(d) Floatation-Prospectus, its
nature and importance;
(e) Commencement of business
Unit 8 Sources of Business Finance - Special Financial institutions-IDBI,
Type of Business finance ICICI, UTI etc.
and their uses-long term, - Commercial banks, electronic
medium term and short term. banking.
Sources of finance-owners funds - Mutual funds - an alternative approach
and borrowed funds - meaning to investing.
and characteristics of the - Assessment of business performance
following sources. in relation to capital turnover and
(a) Equity and preference shares; profits.
(b) Debentures-type (secured and - Interpretation of financial statements of
unsecured, convertible and sole traders and companies.
non-convertible); The Financial system in India.
(c) Institutional finance-objectives,
types of assistance, names of
national level institutions;
(d) Retained profits - Meaning and
characteristics;
(e) Public deposits-meaning and
characteristics;
(f) Bank finance.
Unit 9 Stock Exchange
Meaning and importance. - Merits and demerits of investing money
Functions & Service in the stock exchange.
Location of Stock Exchanges
in India.
Types of operators-Brokers, - Investment procedure.
Jobbers (Tarawaniwala), Bulls
and Bears.
Terms in stock exchange quotation
ex-dividend, cum-dividend, spot
delivery, forward delivery.
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Unit 10 Internal Trade
Meaning and Types.
Wholesale Trade functions and services
Retailers-functions and services.
Types of retail organisations;
(a) Itinerants and Fixed shops;
(b) Departmental store, chain store,
mail order houses, consumers' cooperative
store (including super bazar).
Unit 11 External Trade
Nature and importance. Key economic factors in world trade.
import procedure (Brief Outline). Problems in world trade.
Export procedure (Brief Outline). - Personal aspects of buying.
Documents used in foreign trade- Buying on credit
Indent, Letter of credit, Bill- Settling indebtedness in business.
of lading, Charter party.
Financing of trade (Elementary- - Development of skills in drafting
treatment). different commercial documents and
identifying and correcting errors con-
tained therein.
- Cultural, Social, political and legal en-
vironments that govern the decisions
made by the international business
Community.
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CLASS XII
BUSINESS STUDIES - III
Principles and Functions of Management
Unit CBSE Syllabus New / Additional Topics
Unit 1 Nature and Significance of - Ladder of human needs.
Management - Management of aids.
Meaning of Management-as an activity, - Measurement of productivity.
as a process, a discipline and as a group - Management and development.
Nature of management - manage- - Management vitality.
ment as a science or as an art. - Criteria of success.
Management as a profession, (Justification of profits)
Objectives and importance of
management.
Distinction between management Personnel management
and administration. - Money Management
Levels of management-top level, - Time management
middle level, and lower level Planning for future
(supervisory).
Management functions-planning, orga- Career opportunities in Management.
nising, staffing, direction and control
Coordination-nature and meaning.
Unit 2 Principles of Management Organisational theories
Nature of management principles - Behavioral systems.
Need for principles of management. - Psychology of work.
Fayol's principles of management.
Scientific Management-meaning and
techniques of scientific management.
Unit 3 Planning
Meaning and definition of planning. - Developing faith in planning.
Features and importance of - Taking right decisions at
planning. Limitations of planning the right time and place.
Steps in planning.
Unit 4 Organising
Meaning, process and structure Pooling the resources.
of organisation.
Importance of organisation. - Human and non-human including
Formal and informal organisation. equipment and technology.
Principles of organisation.
Types of administrative organi- - Pooling the resources.
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sation-line, line and staff, and Human and non-human including
functional-meaning, -features equipment and technology.
and distinction.
Meaning of delegation of authority-
authority, responsibility and
accountability.
Importance of delegation.
Difference between delegation and
decentralisation.
Unit 5 Staffing
Meaning, need and importance of Nature of working population.
staffing.
Staffing process-estimating man-power - Staff training, morale, remunera-
requirements, identification of sources tion, promotion, transfer, motiva-
of recruitment, selection and training tion, leadership, appraisal and
and placement (Outline only). dismissal.
Remuneration to workers-concepts - Employer-employee relationship.
of time rate and piece rate. - Should jobs quota for backward
classes exist?
Unit 6 Directing
Meaning and importance of - Executing the plans
direction.
Elements of direction.
Supervision-functions of supervisors. - Building self motivation through
Motivation-need and incentives series of achievement.
(monetary and non-monetary incentives).
Leadership-meaning and importance, - Risk taking.
qualities of a good leader.
Communication-meaning and
importance-types of communication
(formal and informal).
Channels of communication (oral,
written).
Unit 7 Controlling
Meaning and importance. - Ensuring consistent growth in
Steps in the process of control. business.
Features of a good control system. - Management of change
- Problem solving.
'Management by objectives.
- Areas of control, important inputs
to effective administration (prod-
uction quality, inventory forecast-
ing, budgets, financial accounts.
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BUSINESS STUDIES-IV
Unit CBSE Syllabus New/Additional Topics
Unit 1 Personnel Management
Meaning of nature of personnel
management.
Role and responsibilities of
personnel Manager.
Manpower planning-recruitment,
selection (outline only).
Training and development-
purpose.
Personnel record (elements only).
Performance appraisal and
compensation (elements only).
Unit 2 Financial Management
Meaning and objectives - Assessment of business performance
Functions of Financial Manager. in relation to capital, turnover and
Financial planning and capital profits.
structure (elementary treatment). - Price-quality relationship
Financial analysis (brief exposure);
Ratio analysis; Gross profit, Net-
profit, ROI, Current ratio, Quick-
ratio, Debt equity, Capital turn-
over and stock turnover ratios.
Unit 3 Marketing Management
Marketing Management-meaning - Modem business techniques in
and objectives. distribution, communication and
Difference between marketing handling cash/cash equivalents.
and selling. - Approaches to advertising,
Marketing functions. persuasive, informal,
Marketing mix. competitive and collective.
Sales promotion-advertising and - Trade names/marks/branding,
personal selling-qualities of a packaging/ display.
good salesman. - Buying on credit.
- Setling indebtedness in business.
- Designing and drafting an advertise-
ment copy.
- Buyer behaviour.
- Marketing applications in Business.
- Career directions in the marketing
field.
- Transportation and Distribution Man-
agement.
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IV-B FACTORY ORGANISATION
Unit CBSE Syllabus New/Additional Topics
Unit 1 Nature of Factory and its Characteristic
Features
Nature of manufacturing activity (seasonal and
perennial): concepts of factory and workshop.
Definition of Factory under the Factories Act.
Characteristic features of small and large
factories ((small-scale units and large-scale
establishments).
Unit 2 Setting up a Factory
Setting up a small-scale unit
(a) Deciding on the nature of product and volume of
production with reference to products reserved
for small-scale sector.
(b) Availability and sources of raw materials, fuel,
power, water, transport and banking facilities.
(c) Estimation of capital: long term funds and work-
ing capital (factors to be considered).
(d) Selection of factory site (location)-consideration
in selection.
(e) Placing orders for machinery and equipments.
(f) Local laws and rules; permission from local
authorities.
(g) Registration of factory under the Factories Act or
other appropriate laws (Shop and Establishment
Act.)
Unit 3 Factory Design and Layout
Types of factory building (horizontal, vertical/single
storey & multistorey) - relative needs and advan-
tages.
Meaning of factory layout.
Types of layout.
Considerations in deciding on the layout: heating,
lighting, ventilation, service facilities. Rule of law
regulating factory layout (main requirements).
Unit 4 Internal Organisation of a Factory
Departmentation in a factory-operating departments
(workshops and service departments).
Status, authority and responsibilities of the factory
manager.
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Factory Manual - meaning and broad outline of
contents. N.
Organisation chart of a typical factory.
Unit 5 Factory Materials and Stores
Raw materials, work in process, finished goods,
spare parts, factory stores and supplies.
Materials procurement and storage.
Materials control: issue and replenishment of mate-
rials, safety stock, ordering levels, order quantities.
Unit 6 Factory Labour and Employment Conditions
Types of factory workers - skilled, semiskilled, un-
skilled, seasonal, casual, regular.
Recruitment of factory workers - sources.
Methods of wage payment: time rate and piece rate;
their relative advantages and suitability
Employment Conditions:
Safety, health and welfare amenities.
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IV-C OFFICE ADMINISTRATION
Unit CBSE Syllabus New/Additional Topics
Unit 1 Nature and functions of Office Exploration of career directions
Meaning and importance of office. in the office & administration
Relationship of office with other services field.
departments.
Functions-basic and auxiliary.
Position and role of an office manager.
Unit 2 Office Layout and Working Conditions. Physical working conditions:
Location of office. Information, recreation,
Office building. canteen, amenities, heating.
Office layout-nature, principles, types.
Open and private offices.
Office Environment - lighting, ventilation,
temperature, and interior decoration
(general outline)).
Unit 3 Workflow in Office
Concept of work-flow and flow charts. Psychology of work.
Difficulties in work flow.
Unit 4 Office Organisation
Principles.
Types - line, line and staff and services
organisation.
Office charts and manuals.
Unit 5 Office Communication Personal contacts/sharing
Basic Principles. ideas with others.
Internal Communication. - Report writing.
External communication. - Data presentation through
tables, diagrams and graphs.
- Modem trends in commu-
nication.
- Public relations - Techniques.
- How to set about.
Booking of goods by com-
mon rail, steamer/ship.
Unit 6 Office Mechanisation Computer applications in
Need for mechanisation. Business.
Considerations in mechanisation.
Types of office machines and equipments
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Unit 7 Handling Inward and Outward; Mail
Organisation of the mailing section. Speed post, fax, telex,
Arrangements with post offices intercom.
Inward Mail routine.
Dealing with correspondence.
Outward mail routine.
Mechanising mail service.
Unit 8 Filing and indexing
Filing - meaning and importance. Micro filing.
(a) Classification of papers for filing.
(b) Methods of filing, horizontal and vertical.
Indexing.
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