INTRODUCTION
Languages being the most important medium
of communication and education, their development occupies an important place in the
National Policy on Education and Programme of Action. Therefore, promotion and development
of Hindi and other 17 languages listed in the Schedule VIII of the Constitution including
Sanskrit and Urdu on the one hand and English as well as the foreign languages on the
other hand have received due attention. In fulfilling the constitutional responsibility,
the Department of Education is assisted by autonomous organisations and subordinate
offices.
CENTRAL HINDI DIRECTORATE (CHD)
The Central Hindi Directorate was set up in
March 1960 as a subordinate office of the Ministry of Education. The Directorate has since
been implementing a number of schemes for the promotion and development of Hindi.
The Department of Correspondence Courses of
Central Hindi Directorate is implementing the scheme of Teaching Hindi as a second and
foreign language to non-Hindi speaking Indians and foreigners. So far 3.35 lakhs (Approx.)
persons have benefited under this scheme. Teaching of Hindi has also been established
through Cassettes which are prepared by the Correspondence Courses Department of Central
Hindi Directorate.
Under the Scheme of Publication, the
sub-schemes, viz., foreign language dictionary, bilingual/trilingual/New dictionaries,
Bhasha, Varshiki and Sahitya Mala, exhibition and free distribution of Hindi books are
operated. Other publications include Hindi-Indonesian dictionary and conversational guides
on Hindi-Tamil, Malayalam-Hindi and those on Hindi-Malayalam and Bangla-Hindi,
Hindi-Czech.
The scheme of award and prizes to Hindi
authors helps to popularise Hindi in non-Hindi speaking states. Under the scheme of
‘Services and Programmes‘ different schemes relating to promotion and
development of Hindi are carried out.
The Central Hindi Directorate has been
implementing two schemes relating to grants to voluntary Hindi organisations for the
promotion and development of Hindi.
COMMISSION FOR SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL TERMINOLOGY (CSTT)
The Commission for Scientific &
Technical Terminology was established by the Government of India with the aim of
developing all Indian Languages as media of instruction by enriching and developing them.
The Commission has been engaged in the task of evolution of technical terms in Hindi,
production of university level text books, definitional dictionaries and various reference
literature. So far, 53 definitional dictionaries have been published.
The Commission is engaged in preparation
and publication of monographs, digests and readings, monitoring activities in Hindi Granth
Academies/University Cells in Hindi speaking States, compilation and publication of
Pan-Indian technical terms to propagate their usage and placement in the corpus of
technical terms, bringing out a Journal of Sciences in Hindi, namely "Vigyan Garima
Sindhu" with a view to encourage standard writing in sciences, production and
publication of university-level text books, reference works and supplementary readings in
Engineering, Agricultural, Medicare and Sciences.
A total number of Rs. 5.5 lakhs technical
terms have been evolved of different disciplines viz. Basic science, social science,
humanities, technology, medicine, agriculture etc.
The Central Government has started the
scheme of production of University level books in Hindi and other Indian regional
languages. Under this programme, 11,780 books have been published since the inception of
the Scheme.
Over 4.22 lakh terms have been keyed-in the
computers. The Commission for Scientific and Technical Terminology has published 15
glossaries and 5 definitional dictionaries during the year under report.
KENDRIYA HINDI SHIKSHAN MANDAL, AGRA
The Kendriya Hindi Shikshan
Mandal, Agra is
an autonomous Institution established by the Government of India, under overall control of
the Ministry of Human Resource Development (Department of Education). The Mandal
runs `Kendriya Hindi Sansthan` under its aegis, with its Headquarters at Agra and Centres
at Delhi, Hyderabad, Mysore, Guwahati and Shillong.
The Sansthan conducts Hindi Shikshan
Nishnat (M.Ed . level), Hindi Shikshan Parangat (B.Ed. level), Hindi Shikshan Praveen,
four year Hindi Shikshan Diploma and intensive Hindi teaching orientation courses. The
Sansthan also runs courses for the teaching of Hindi to foreigners at Agra under the
Scheme of `Propagation of Hindi Abroad`. During the present session , 45 scholars hailing
from different countries are studying in different courses. The Sansthan also offers
in-service training to the teachers.
The Tribal language Research Unit is
working on the development of the language teaching materials for Nagaland, viz. (I) Text
book of social study part II & III and Text book of Hindi language for the IVth year.
The language Technology and Audio-Visual Unit is involved in the preparation of Remedial
Audio material for various linguistic areas especially for the North-Eastern region.
The Institute also publishes
research-oriented material related with Hindi language and literature. The Institute has
published eight books, two Journals and 66 lessons of correspondence course in the
disciplines of applies linguistics, language teaching and literature. The University
Grants Commission has entrusted a project to the Sansthan for the preparation of
Functional Hindi text books for under-graduate course.
Under the scheme ‘Hindi Sevi Samman
Yojana’, 13 eminent Hindi scholars have been selected for Hindi Sevi Samman during
the year 1998-99 for their distinguished contribution in the fields of development and
propagation of Hindi, research and creative literature, scientific and technical
literature in Hindi and also Hindi Journalism.
CENTRAL INSTITUTE OF INDIAN LANGUAGES, MYSORE
The Central Institute of Indian
Languages,
Mysore, a subordinate office has been helping in evolving and implementing the language
policy of the Government of India and coordinating the development of Indian Languages by
conducting research in the areas of Language Analysis, Language Pedagogy, Language
Technology and Language use in society, a bias towards problem solving and National
Integration.
The Central Institute has the following three schemes:-
Scheme I. The first scheme is for the
development of Indian Languages through research, developing manpower, production of
materials in Modern Indian Languages including tribal languages.
- Tribal and Border Languages.
- Socio-linguistics.
- Phonetics.
- Psycholinguistics.
- Materials Production and Training.
- Evaluation and Testing.
- Distance Education.
- Educational Technology.
- Lexicography and Translation.
Scheme II. The second scheme is for the
implementation of Three Languages Formula. This is done through training of teachers of
the secondary schools deputed by various States and UTs. The RLCs conduct various teacher
training programme and prepare instructional materials. The 10 months Intensive Course in
Indian Languages began in July in different Centres. The target of admission for this
course is SRLC : 120, ERLC : 80, WRLC : 60, NRLC : 60, UTRC : each 40, Total: 400.
Scheme III. The scheme provides financial
assistance to individuals and voluntary organisations for publication in Indian Languages
(other than Hindi, Urdu, Sindhi, Sanskrit and English) inclusive of tribal languages. The
first Grants-in-aid meeting was held on Mysore on 10.9.98 which recommended purchase of 99
books and for publication assistance for 8 Manuscripts.
CENTRAL INSTITUTE OF ENGLISH AND FOREIGN LANGUAGES (CIEFL)
In order to bring about substantial
improvement in the standards of teaching/learning of English, the Government is giving
assistance through the Central Institute of English and Foreign Languages
(CIEFL),
Hyderabad for the setting up of at least one district centre for English language in each
State. Twenty six District Centres were initially sanctioned. There were eleven District
Centres in operation as on 31st March, 1998 in different parts of the country.
The Government is also providing assistance to Regional Institutes of English and English
Language Teaching Institutes of different States through the CIEFL for strengthening them.
There are at present two Regional Institutes of English and nine English Language Teaching
Institutes. Apart from this, grants are also given to Voluntary Organisations/individuals
for publication & purchase of books in English Language.
NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR PROMOTION OF URDU LANGUAGE (NCPUL)
The Government has constituted the
National
Council for Promotion of Urdu Language (NCPUL) as an autonomous body to replace the
Taraqi-e-Urdu Board with a view to further broad-basing Urdu promotional activities. The
NCPUL, has become functional w.e.f. 1st April, 1996.
The NCPUL is engaged in preparation of academic literatures
in Urdu for the benefit of Urdu speaking people of the country. Financial assistance is
provided to 48 Calligraphy Training Centres spread in different parts of the country. Out
of the 12 the volumes of Urdu Encyclopedia planned to be published, six volumes have been
published and others are under preparation. Five volumes of English-Urdu Dictionary have
been published.
The perspective plan contemplate the diversifications
required in the years to come. Another important decision has been taken to introduce
Computerised Calligraphy Training Centres which is expected to go a long way in preparing
the students to meet the present day competition and join the technological workforce of
the country. Another major achievement has been to coordinate the activities of various
State Urdu Academies. The interaction with the academies has been so strong that they are
gradually becoming the local partners of the Council.
The Council has made forays into the minority education
field. Several meetings have been held with the State Madrasa Boards to take stock of the
existing scenario and to evolve appropriate educational support. Thus, the Council has put
in place a well-knit all India network for proper coordination of Urdu promotional
activities.
Another significant milestone is pushing up the sale
proceeds of periodicals/books to the tune of Rs. 20.00 lakhs which had been
consistently far below the desired level in the previous years. The Council has published 33 new titles
besides 98 reprints during the year.
NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR PROMOTION OF SINDHI LANGUAGE (NCPSL)
The Government has constituted the
National
Council for Promotion of Sindhi Language as an autonomous body with its Headquarters at
Vadodara for promotion and development of Sindhi Language. The Minister for Human Resource
Development is the Chairman of the Council. The Council promotes the language by
undertaking production of literature in Sindhi, to collect & evolve technical terms to
enrich the language, to undertake and provide for publication of journals and periodicals
etc.
MAHARISHI SANDIPANI RASHTRIYA VEDA
VIDYA PRARTISHTHAN, UJJAIN
Rashtriya Veda Vidya Pratishthan was set up
in August, 1997 for undertaking various activities including support to traditional Vedic
Institutions and Scholars, providing scholarships/fellowships and for promotion of Vedic
studies and research. The programmes and activities during 1998-99 include organisation of
All-India and six Regional Veda Sammelans, six seminars and workshops on different topics,
financial assistance to 35 Vedic Institutions/Vidyalayas, to 32 aged Vedic pandits and 81
Nityagnihotries, stipend to 578 vedic students, award of one Junior Fellowship, running of
part-time Vedic classes for students of sixth to twelfth standard at six Veda Pathshalas,
Vedic classes for general public at Chennai and New Delhi, Honorarium to 37 Swadhyayain
teachers and stipend to 74 students under the scheme of ‘Preservation of oral
tradition of vedic recitation’ and celebration of Veda Gyan Saptha. Under the
publication programme, two books are under print and three manuscripts are under
evaluation to determine whether these are worthy of publication.
RASHTRIYA SANSKRIT SANSTHAN
The Rashtriya Sanskrit
Sansthan, an autonomous organisation under the Ministry , is an apex body
for the propagation and development of Sanskrit learning in the country.
The Sansthan imparts Sanskrit studies up to doctorate level through a
Kendriya Sanskrit Vidyapeethas.
The Sansthan provides
financial assistance to Voluntary Organisations engaged in propagation,
Development and promotion of Sanskrit to meet 75% of the expenditure on
the salary of teachers, scholarships to students, construction and repair
of building, furniture, library etc. So far 704 Voluntary Sanskrit
Organisations have been assisted. Eighteen Adarsh Sanskrit Mahavidyalayas
and two Shodh Sansthan have also been provided financial assistance.
The Sansthan also pays
honorarium to 125 retired eminent Sanskrit scholars to teach in Adarsh
Sanskrit Pathshalas and other State Government run Sanskrit Colleges under
Shastrachudamani Scheme. Financial Assistance is also provided by the
Sansthan for project of preparing Sanskrit Dictionary undertaken by Deccan
College, Pune, organising vocational training workshops by institutions,
purchase of Sanskrit books, production of Sanskrit literature, purchase
and publication of rare manuscripts, All India Elocution Contest. Under
scheme of President’s Award of Certificate of Honour, every year 15
scholars of Sanskrit, one of Pali/Prakrit and 3 each of Arabic & Persian
are selected & paid honorarium of Rs. 20,000/-p.a. for life. The total
number of such Awardees so are 250.
SCHEME OF FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE FOR APPOINTMENT
OF LANGUAGE TEACHERS INCLUDING HINDI AND URDU
With a view to assist the non-Hindi
speaking States and Union Territories for promotion and propagation of Hindi in pursuance
of the provision contained in Article 351 of the Constitution of India, the Central
Government has started during the Second Plan, the Scheme of Appointment and Training of
Hindi Teachers in non-Hindi speaking States. Under this scheme, Central assistance is
provided to the non-Hindi speaking States/UTs on 100% basis. Central assistance on the
same pattern has been continued in 1998-99.
SCHEME FOR DEVELOPMENT OF SANSKRIT THROUGH STATE GOVERNMENTS/UNION
TERRITORIES
This is Central Plan Scheme
operated through the State Governments since 1962. Financial grants are
provided by Government of India on 100% basis for the following major
programmes:-
Financial assistance to eminent Sanskrit
scholars in indigent circumstances
Under this scheme,
assistance is being given to eminent (traditional type) Sanskrit Scholars
who are not below the age of 55 years, are in indigent circumstances and
are engaged in study/research in Sanskrit at the maximum rate of Rs.
10,000/- per annum minus the annual income of the scholar from other
sources.
Modernization of Sanskrit
Pathshalas
To bring about a fusion
between the traditional and modern systems of Sanskrit Education grants
are provided to facilitate appointment of teachers for teaching selected
modern subjects i.e. M.I.L., Science including Mathematics and Humanities
in the traditional Sanskrit Pathshalas.
Providing facilities for
teaching Sanskrit in High and Higher Secondary Schools
Grants are given to meet
the expenditure on salary of Sanskrit teachers to be appointed in
Secondary and Senior Secondary Schools where the state Government are not
in a position to provide facilities to teach Sanskrit.
Scholarships to students studying Sanskrit
in High and Higher Secondary Schools
In order to attract students for studying Sanskrit in the Secondary and
Senior Secondary Schools merit scholarships are given to Sanskrit Students
for IX to XII classes, @ Rs. 100/-p.m. for students of IX and X classes
and @ Rs. 125/-p.m. for the students of XI and XII classes.
Grants to State Government for various
scheme for promotion of Sanskrit
Under this Scheme State Governments are extended full assistance for the
various programmes for the development and propagation of Sanskrit like
upgrading the salary of teachers, honouring Vedik Scholars, conducting
Vidwat Sabhas, holding of evening classes for Sanskrit teaching,
celebrating the Kalidasa Samaroha, etc.
Proposals for development
of Sanskrit for research/research projects in Sanskrit received from
Deemed Sanskrit Universities, NGOs (Registered Bodies) who have at least
ten years of continuous work in the field of Sanskrit duly recommended by
the State Government are also covered under the Scheme.
Central Grant to Rashtriya Sanskrit
Sansthan/Deemed Universities/Central Board of Secondary Education
Financial assistance are given for improving the methodology of teaching
Sanskrit in schools, Sanskrit Colleges/Vidyapeethas and for appropriate
orientation of teachers towards this end.
SCHEME FOR EVELOPMENT OF SANSKRIT
EDUCATION
The Government of India has formulated
various schemes for the development of Sanskrit education in pursuance of the National
Policy on Education (1986) and as per 8th Schedule of the Constitution of
India. These schemes are being implemented through the following agencies:
-
Rashtriya Sanskrit
Sansthan
- Maharishi Sandipani Rashtriya Veda Vidya
Pratishthan
- Scheme for Development of Sanskrit Educational through State
Governments
- Two deemed Universities
DEEMED UNIVERSITIES
The two deemed universities are Shri Lal
Bahadur Sahstri Rashtriya Sanskrit Vidyapeetha, New Delhi and Rashtriya Sanskrit
Vidyapeetha, Tirupati.
Shri Lal Bahadur Shastri Rashtriya Sanskrit
Vidyapeetha, New Delhi provides courses of study from Shastri to Vidya Vachaspati
(D.Lit.). From 1997-98 Shri Lal Bahadur Shastri Rashtriya Sanskrit Vidyapeetha started
diploma in vedic and refresher courses, two degrees namely Vidya Varidhi (Ph.D.) and Manad
Upaadhi (Honorary D.Lit.) are also given by Vidyapeetha.
Rashtriya Sanskrit Vidyapeetha, Tirupati
provides courses of study from Prak Shastri (Intermediate) to Vidya Varidhi (Ph.D.),
Rashtriya Sanskrit Vidyapeetha Tirupati has upgraded the Department of Pedagogy to an
Institute of Advanced Studies in Education (IASE). A computer centre has been established
at the Vidyapeetha.
MODERNISATION OF MADARSA EDUCATION
The objective of the scheme for
modernisation of Madarsa Education is to encourage traditional institutions like Madarsa
and Maktabs to introduce Science, Mathematics, Social Studies, Hindi and English in their
curriculum. Financial Assistance is provided to the extent of 100% for appointment of
qualified teachers at a salary of Rs. 22,00/-p.m., a one time grant of Rs. 4,000/- for
purchase of books, science kits, mathematics kits etc. About 1000 fresh madarsas are
likely to be benefited under this scheme.
(FOR DETAILS OF SCHEMES
AND APPLICATION FORMS PLEASE SEE THE PAGE ON SCHEMES)
